


            4
                              ଠ஢ ⮢ 

     ,  ଠ஢ १  ᮢ, 
祭 ⥫ ⮢.  㦤 ᫥騥 ⥬:
 -   
 - ଠ஢  NUMBER, CHAR, LONG  DATE
 - ஢, ,  ਡ⮢ 
 -  㡫஢ 祭  ⠢ ஡  來
 - ᫥   㬬 ப (饥 ⢮, ।, ,
   ᨬ,  .)
 -   㤠 ஡  । 㬬 ப
 - ⠭ ࠧ஢ 
 - 饭   砫    
 - 뢮 祭   ⥪饩      
 -    ᠭ  
 -  १⮢ ᮢ  䠩  ਭ

⠩  , ᨤ  ஬,  ⠩ 믮
㥬 ਬ. । 砫 ࠡ, 㡥,   
  ⠡栬-ਬࠬ, ᠭ   1.


     ଠ஢     SQL*PLUS COLUMN,  
    ଠ஢    १
 ᮢ.

        
 SQL*PLUS 뢮 १ ᮢ,  㬮砭  ᯮ 
  ࠦ  ⢥  .    祭
⪨  ,  ࠦ   殮  .

  ।     ࠬ஬ HEADING
 COLUMN  ᫥饬 ଠ:

COLUMN _ HEADING _

ਬ 4-1         ⮡    ⠡ EMP  묨 
            DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL,  ᫥騥 :
 

              SQL> COLUMN DEPTNO HEADING Department
              SQL> COLUMN ENAME  HEADING Employee
              SQL> COLUMN SAL    HEADING Salary
              SQL> COLUMN COMM   HEADING Commission
              SQL> SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL, COMM
                2  FROM  EMP
                3  WHERE JOB = 'SALESMAN';

              SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:

              Departament Employee      Salary Commission
              ----------- ---------- --------- ----------
                      30 ALLEN             1600      300
                      30 WARD              1250      500
                      30 MARTIN       1250     1400
                      30 TURNER       1500        0


                                    -- 37 --



砭:      ⢮,     㣨
,    ଠ  ,   멤  SQL*PLUS.

⮡        ᫮,  
     窨    COLUMN. 
뢮   祬   ப ᯮ ⨪  (|)
⠬,  室   ப. (  ⢥ ࠧ⥫
ᯮ짮 㣮 ᨬ, ⠭ ६ HEADSEP  SET.
஡ ᬮ   6.)


      ਬ 4-2    饯   
  ⮡ ᢮  ENAME  EMPLOYEE NAME  ࠧ 
    ப, :

     SQL> COLUMN ENAME HEADING 'Employee|Name'

  ᭮ 믮     (/):  SQL> /

SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:

          Employee
Departament Name          Salary Commission
----------- ---------- --------- ----------
        30 ALLEN             1600      300
        30 WARD              1250      500
        30 MARTIN            1250     1400
        30 TURNER            1500        0

⮡  ᨬ ન   , ⠭
६ UNDERLINE  SET.

ਬ 4-3        ⮡  ᨬ ᯮ㥬  ન
⠭        ࠢ⢠  ᭮ 믮 ,
ᨬ        ᫥騥 :ન
              SQL> SET UNDERLINE =
              SQL> /

              SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:

                        Employee
              Departament Name          Salary Commission
              =========== ========== ========= ==========
                      30 ALLEN             1600      300
                      30 WARD              1250      500
                      30 MARTIN       1250     1400
                      30 TURNER       1500        0

               ⠭ ᨬ ન ⭮  :

              SQL> SET UNDERLINE '-'

⨬,   室   窨;  SQL*PLUS
   ᨬ ७  㤥  த 
 ᫥饩 ப.




                                    -- 38 --



     ଠ஢  NUMBER 
筮 SQL*PLUS 뢠  ᫠ ⮫쪮 ,  ᪮쪮 ॡ 
㪠 筮, ⠭⭠ 筮 (ਭ) । 祭
६ NUMWIDTH  SET (筮 10).    ࠧ ଠ
  ⨯ NUMBER, ᯮ  ଠ   COLUMN.  
  ଠ     ,  ।⠢ 
ᯮ 9.

 COLUMN 㪠뢠 ,    ଠ஢, 
ᯮ㥬 ,   :

COLUMN _ FORMAT 

ᯮ  ଠ⮢, ⮡  ,  , 㣫
᪮, 騥 㫨  ᫠ ଠ㥬 .   ࣠
᫠ 㣫, 뢮  ᫠ ࠢ (筮  뢮 ᫥),
뢮 ᫠  ᯮ樠쭮 ଥ.

⮡ ᯮ짮  ଠ    , ꥤ 
   COLUMN ( ਬ 4-4).  ᯨ᮪  ଠ⮢ ᬮ
  6.

ਬ 4-4      ⮡ 뢥 SAL   , ⮩  ﬨ 
ଠ஢  ஡   㫥 祭,  ᫥
NUMBER          :

              SQL> COLUMN SAL FORMAT $99,990

              믮  ᭮:
              SQL> /

              SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:

                        Employee
              Departament Name          Salary Commission
              ----------- ---------- --------- ----------
                      30 ALLEN           $1,600      300
                      30 WARD            $1,250      500
                      30 MARTIN     $1,250     1400
                      30 TURNER     $1,500        0

ᯮ    ଠ,   ,   
㣨 ଠ⮬ (ਬ  )   뢥   ஡
 㫥 稭.

砭:   ଠ    ,     , 
             ଠ     SQL*PLUS.

     ଠ஢   CHAR, LONG, DATE
  筮 SQL*PLUS 뢠 祭 CHAR, ᯮ ਭ  ।-
    ਭ   (롨ࠥ 襥).  ਭ 
뢮  LONG  祭 ६ LONG  SET (筮
80).  ⨯ DATE, ଠ஢ 㭪樥 SQL TO_CHAR,  㬮砭
뢮 ਭ  9 ᨬ.  ஡ ଠ  ଠ஢
 DATE ᬮ   6 (ᠭ ࠬ FORMAT  COLUMN).




                                    -- 39 --



   ਭ 뢮  CHAR, LONG, DATE   
COLUMN  ଠ⮬ 饬  㪢  ( 䠢⭮-஢)  ᫥騬
᫮, ஥  ਭ 뢮.

  COLUMN 室 㪠     ଠ:
COLUMN _ FORMAT 

᫨  㪠 ਭ  祬 ਭ , SQL*PLUS १
. ⨬,    NUMBER   १.

      ਬ 4-5
      ଠ஢  CHAR 
   ⮡ ⠭ ਭ  ENAME   ᨬ  ᭮ 믮
, :

SQL> COLUMN ENAME FORMAT A4
SQL> /

SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:

          Empl
Departament Name    Salary Commission
----------- ---- --------- ----------
        30 ALLE       $1,600      300 N

        30 WARD       $1,250      500
        30 MART       $1,250     1400 IN

        30 TURN       $1,500        0 ER

砭:   ଠ ⠥  ⢨,     , 
 ଠ ,    SQL*PLUS.

᫨ ६ WRAP  SET ⠭  ON (祭  㬮砭),
 㦠饣 ᢮稢  ᫥ ப ᫥  ᨬ, 
  ਥ 4-5. ᫨ WRAP ⠭  OFF,  १ 
 ᨬ.

⥬ ६ WRAP ࠢ ᥬ ;   
⠭ WRAP  ன ,   ࠬ஢ WRAPPED,
WORD_WRAPPED, TRUNCATED  COLUMN. ஡ ᬮ  6. ࠬ
WORD_WRAPPED  COLUMN ᯮ    .

⨬,    १ ᬮ  ⠭ WRAP 
ࠬ  COLUMN.

 ୥ ଠ   ࢮ砫쭮 ﭨ:

SQL> COLUMN ENAME FORMAT A10


     ஢ ਡ⮢ 뢮  
      ਡ  ᪮쪨 , 
 㬥       ࠬ LIKE 
COLUMN. ࠬ LIKE ਪ뢠 SQL*PLUS ᪮஢ ਡ 뢮  㦥
।    , ஬  ࠬ஢,  
  .


                                    -- 40 --



      ਬ 4-6  ஢ ਡ⮢ 뢮  
  ⮡ ᢮  COMM  ਡ 뢮,    
SAL,   㣨 ,   ᫥ :

SQL> COLUMN COMM LIKE SAL HEADING Bonus

믮 ᭮ :

SQL> /

SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:

          Employee
Departament Name          Salary      Bonus
----------- ---------- --------- ----------
        30 ALLEN           $1,600     $300
        30 WARD            $1,250     $500
        30 MARTIN          $1,250   $1,400
        30 TURNER          $1,500       $0


         ਡ⮢ 뢮 

  ⮡ ᯥ ⥪騥 ਡ , ᯮ  COLUMN
 ⮫쪮  㪠  ,   :

COLUMN _

⮡ ᯥ ⥪騥 ਡ 뢮  ,  
COLUMN     ࠬ஢:

COLUMN

⮡  ਡ 뢮   (⠭ 祭 
㬮砭), ᯮ ࠬ CLEAR  COLUMN   :

COLUMN _ CLEAR

  ਡ⮢   , ᯮ ࠬ COLUMN 
CLEAR.

ਬ 4-7         ⮡  ਡ 뢮      
祭  ਡ⮢     㬮砭,  ᫥ :  
뢮 
       SQL> CLEAR COLUMNS columns cleared

                  CLEAR COLUMNS  砫  
              䠩  ஢ન ⮣,  㦥   COLUMN  
                १  ᮢ.

        饭  ⠭ 
       ⠭ ਡ 뢮,  ਡ⮢ 뢮
 稫 । .   ਡ⮢  뢮 
,   COLUMN  ᫥饬 ଠ:

              COLUMN _ OFF



                                    -- 41 --



 ࠧ OFF ᮮ頥 SQL*PLUS,  室 ᯮ짮 ਡ 뢮 
  ।  㬮砭,  ᠬ ਡ 뢮 㤠  
.  ⠭ ਡ⮢ 室   COLUMN  ࠧ 
ON:
              COLUMN _ ON


         ப ᨬ ᫥

     ,  㬮砭 SQL*PLUS ७ ᮤন 祭 
ᢥ⮩   ⥫ ப,  祭        
 頥  ⢥   ਭ. ᫨   ⠢ ࠧ⥫ 
ᥩ (ப ᨬ   ப), ᯮ RECSEP  RECSEPCHAR 
६  SET.

   RECSEP ।,  室  ப ᨬ: 
᫨  ⠭ RECSEP  EACH,   㤥 ᫥  ப; 
᫨ RECSEP=WRAPPED,   㤥 ᫥  ᢥ⮩ ப; 
᫨ RECSEP=OFF,   㤥 饭. 
 㬮砭 RECSEP = WRAPPED.

RECSEPCHAR ⠭ ᨬ, ⠥   ப.  ६ 
RECSEPCHAR    ᨬ.

  ᫨  , ⮡ ᢮稢 ᫮  ࠧ뢠 㦤 ப, 
ᯮ ࠧ WORD_WRAPPED   COLUMN   :

              COLUMN _ WORD_WRAPPED

ਬ 4-8         ⮡  ப   ᫥  ᢥ⮩
             ப ,  ᫥騥 :
ᨬ ᫥
ᢥ⮩          SQL> SET RECSEP WRAPPED
            SQL> SET RECSEPCHAR '-'

               㬥訬   LOC  ᮮ騬 SQL*PLUS,   
              ᢥ⪥ 室 ७ ᫮   ப :

              SQL> COLUMN LOC FORMAT A7 WORD_WRAPPED

               ,   믮 ᫥騩 :

              SQL> SELECT * FROM DEPT;

              SQL*PLUS 뢥 ᫥饥:

                 DEPTNO DNAME          LOC
              --------- ------------- -------
                     10 ACCOUNTING    NEW
                                  YORK
              --------------------------------------------------
              ----------
                     20 RESEARCH  DALLAS
                     30 SALES     CHICAGO
                     40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON




                                    -- 42 --



   ᫨  ⠭ RECSEP ࠢ EACH, SQL*PLUS 㤥 
࠭⥫ ப ᫥   (᫥  ⤥  
砥).  । ⥬  த ࠡ ⠭ RECSEP  ﭨ OFF,
⮡   ࠧ⥫ ᥩ:

              SQL> SET RECSEP OFF


        襭  ஡  ⣮묨 ப

     ᯮ ࠧ ORDER BY   SQL SELECT,   -
묨 祭ﬨ  㥬  뢮   ன⢮ 뢮.
    뢮, ᯮ  SQL*PLUS BREAK  COMPUTE,
 ⮣ ⮡ ᮧ ⢮ ᥩ    / ⮣
ப ᫥  ⢠ ᥩ.

   㪠    BREAK 뢠  뢠. -
  뢠  ࠧ ORDER BY,  ᮧ ࠧ⥫쭮 (來)
⢮ ᥩ  ࠭. ⥬    ଠ஢ 
⢠  ⮩   BREAK,    ⮣ ப (ᮤঠ饩
㬬, ।,  ..), 㪠  뢠   COMPUTE.

   ਬ,     BREAK  COMPUTE,

              SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
              FROM EMP
              WHERE SAL < 2500
              ORDER BY DEPTNO;

               ᫥騥 ଠ஢ १:

                  DEPTNO ENAME             SAL
              ---------- ---------- ----------
                      10 CLARK            2450
                      10 MILLER           1300
                      20 SMITH             800
                      20 ADAMS            1100
                      30 ALLEN            1600
                      30 JAMES             950
                      30 TURNER           1550
                      30 WARD             1250
                      30 MARTIN           1250

 ⮡ ᤥ   來, ᯮ  BREAK  ⠭
  DEPTNO  ⢥  뢠. BREAK  
   祭  DEPTNO,    ப  
    ⤥.   ᯮ짮 BREAK ᮢ⭮  COMPUTE
     ⮣ ப, ᮤঠ  㬬 (/ ।,
 ᨬ, , ।筮 ⪫, ᯥ,  稪
 ᫠ ᥩ) ௫   ⤥    ⤥.


            
        祭   뢠





                                    -- 43 --



 㬮砭  BREAK 頥   祭  㪠
  ࠦ.  ࠧ, ⮡   
祭   㪠  ࠧ ORDER BY, ᯮ  BREAK 
 ⥩襬 ਠ:

BREAK ON _뢠

砭:  直 ࠧ   㪠   ࠦ  
BREAK, ᯮ ࠧ ORDER BY  ⮩    ࠦ. ᫨ 
 ᤥ ⮣, 뢠   砩 ࠪ.

ਬ 4-9    ⮡    ஢ ⤥  

         ,  ᫥騥 :

祭          SQL> BREAK ON DEPTNO
       SQL> SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
뢠           2  FROM EMP
                3  WHERE SAL < 2500
                4  ORDER BY DEPTNO;

              SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:

                  DEPTNO ENAME             SAL
              ---------- ---------- ----------
                      10 CLARK            2450
                         MILLER           1300
                      20 SMITH             800
                         ADAMS            1100
                      30 ALLEN            1600
                         JAMES             950
                         TURNER           1550
                         WARD             1250
                         MARTIN           1250

        ⠢  ப,   祭  뢠

     ⠢  ப  稭  ࠭  ࠧ,
  祭  뢠. ⮡ ⠢ n  ப,
ᯮ  BREAK  ᫥饩 ଥ:

              BREAK ON _뢠 SKIP n

              ⮡   ࠭,   ⠪:

              BREAK ON _뢠 SKIP PAGE


ਬ 4-10    ࠧ饭 ⮩ ப  ⤥, 
⠢
஡      ᫥ :    祭 
              SQL> BREAK ON DEPTNO SKIP 1 뢠 믮  ᭮:

              SQL> /
              SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:




                                    -- 44 --



                  DEPTNO ENAME             SAL
              ---------- ---------- ----------
                      10 CLARK            2450
                         MILLER           1300

                      20 SMITH             800
                         ADAMS            1100

                      30 ALLEN            1600
                         JAMES             950
                         TURNER           1550
                         WARD             1250
                         MARTIN           1250

        ⠢ ஡ ᫥  
     ⠢  ப  ࠭ ᫥  .
⮡ ய n ப ᫥  , ᯮ BREAK ᫥饬
ଠ:
              BREAK ON ROW SKIP n

  ⮡ ய ࠭ ᫥  , ᯮ BREAK 
᫥饩 ଥ:

              BREAK ON ROW SKIP PAGE

ᯮ짮  ।,   ᯮ  ࠧ ORDER BY 
ਥ         ,   ⠢  ப, 
⢥  祭      .   ஡
 BREAK,   , 頥 ।.

               ࠧ, ᫨   ᯮ짮 ࠧ ਥ -
               ஡    ⠢ ஡,  
              祭   祬  㥬 ,  室
              㪠 ᪮쪮   ⢨    BREAK.

ਬ 4-11   砫      ⥪饬
:
ਥ
஢     SQL> L
஡        1  SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
                2  FROM EMP
                3  WHERE SAL < 2500
                4* ORDER BY DEPTNO
              SQL> 1 SELECT DEPTNO, JOB, ENAME, SAL
              SQL> 4 ORDER BY DEPTNO, JOB

           , ⮡ ய ࠭   祭 DEPTNO 
            ப   祭 JOB,  ᫥ :

              SQL> BREAK ON DEPTNO SKIP PAGE ON JOB SKIP 1

              믮  :
              SQL> /

                  DEPTNO JOB       ENAME             SAL
              ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
                      10 CLERK     MILLER           1300


                                    -- 45 --



                         MANAGER   CLARK            2450

                  DEPTNO JOB       ENAME             SAL
              ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
                      20 CLERK     SMITH             800
                                   ADAMS            1100

                  DEPTNO JOB       ENAME             SAL
              ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
                      30 CLERK     JAMES             950

                         SALESMAN  ALLEN            1600
                                   TURNER           1550
                                   WARD             1250
                                   MARTIN           1250

          㤠 । 뢠

     ᯥ ⥪騥 ।  뢠, 
 BREAK  ࠬ஢:

     BREAK

  㤠 ⥪騥 ।  뢠,   CLEAR
 ࠬ஬ BREAKS:

     CLEAR BREAKS

   CLEAR BREAKS  砫  䠩, ⮡
। ﭨ  믮 ᮢ ।  BREAK.


        ᫥ ⮣ ப,  
         祭  뢠

   ᫨  ᮡࠥ    ⢠  BREAK,  
ந ࠧ ᫥  ﬨ  ⢠. 
᫥ ந 㭪ﬨ SQL*PLUS  COMPUTE.  ᯮ
 BREAK  COMPUTE   ᫥饩 ଥ:

   BREAK ON _뢠 COMPUTE 㭪 OF   ... ON
_뢠

  ᪮쪮  뢠  ᮮ⢥ ⢨, ⠪
 ய ப,   BREAK, ⠪  ᯨ᮪ ..  ࠧ ON
 COMPUTE. ⮡  ⢥  뢠 
ᮮ⢥騥 ⢨  BREAK    COMPUTE, ᯮ 
  ᫥饬 ଠ:

BREAK ON _1 SKIP PAGE ON _2 SKIP 2
COMPUTE 㭪 OF   ... ON _2

 COMPUTE    ⢨  ᮮ⢥饩  BREAK.

 COMPUTE  ᯮ짮   NUMBER,    
  ⨯ . ஡ ᬮ  6.

 ᫥饩 ⠡ ਢ ᯨ᮪ ᫨⥫ 㭪権   祭:

                                    -- 46 --



ਬ 4-1         㭪   ⢨
᫨⥫

㭪樨       SUM       ᫥ 㬬 祭  
              MIN       ᫥ 쭮 祭  
              MAX       ᫥ ᨬ쭮 祭  
              AVG       ᫥ । 祭  
              STD       ᫥ ।筮 ⪫  
              VAR       ᫥ ᯥᨨ
              COUNT     ᫥ ⢠ 㫥 祭  
              NUM       ᫥ ⢠ ᥩ  

㭪,   㪠   COMPUTE,    ,
  ᠫ ᫥ OF   ON. 塞 祭  ।
ࠧ⥫쭮 ப,   祭 㯮冷稢 .

 ᫨⥫ 㭪樨 (஬ NUM)  㫥 祭.

ਬ 4-12    ⮡ ᫨  㬬  (SAL)  ⤥, ᭠砫
᫥    ᯥ⠩ ⥪饥 ᠭ BREAK: 
஬  SQL> BREAK
㬬               break on DEPTNO skip page nodup
                        on JOB skip 1 nodup

                ⠪  COMPUTE,  믮 ⥪騩 :

              SQL> COMPUTE SUM OF SAL ON DEPTNO
              SQL> /

              SQL*PLUS 뢥 ᫥騥 १:

                  DEPTNO JOB       ENAME             SAL
              ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
                      10 CLERK     MILLER           1300

                         MANAGER   CLARK            2450

              ********** *********            ----------
              sum                             3750

                  DEPTNO JOB       ENAME             SAL
              ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
                      20 CLERK     SMITH             800
                                   ADAMS            1100

              ********** *********            ----------
              sum                             1900


                  DEPTNO JOB       ENAME             SAL
              ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
                      30 CLERK     JAMES             950

                         SALESMAN  ALLEN            1600
                                   TURNER           1550
                                   WARD             1250



                                    -- 47 --



                                   MARTIN           1250
              ********** *********            ----------
              sum                             6550

   ⨬,  ଠ  SAL ࠢ 譨  㬬 SAL, ⠪
  祭  SAL.   ⠭ ଠ 
NUMBER,   ।ᬮ  ਭ  㬬  襬 .

        ᫥ ⮣ ப   

            ⮣ ப ᭮묨  
祭     BREAK  COMPUTE  ᫥饬 ଠ:

              BREAK ON REPORT
              COMPUTE 㭪 OF   ... ON REPORT

ਬ 4-13   ⮡ ᫨   ⮣ 㬬   
᫥   த殢, ᭠砫  ᫥騥  BREAK  COMPUTE
 饣
⮣         SQL> BREAK ON REPORT
              SQL> COMPUTE SUM OF SAL ON REPORT

              ⥬,   믮  :

              SQL> SELECT ENAME, SAL
                2  FROM EMP
                3  WHERE JOB = 'SALESMAN';

               㢨 ᫥騩 १:

              ENAME             SAL
              ---------- ----------
              ALLEN            1600
              WARD             1250
              MARTIN           1250
              TURNER           1550
              ********** ----------
              sum            5600

      ⮡  ⮣ 㬬 ( 饥 ।, 騩 ᨬ 
      ..)    ⮣ ( ।  㯯  ..),
        뢠  ࠧ ON REPORT    BREAK.
      ⥬,    COMPUTE   뢠   
      ᫥ ON REPORT:

      BREAK ON _뢠 ON REPORT
      COMPUTE 㭪 OF  ON _뢠
      COMPUTE 㭪 OF  ON REPORT


᫥ ᪮쪨 㬬  ப
                      㬬  ࠧ
              .  ⮣ 室  ⤥  COMPUTE
                .

ਬ 4-14   ⮡   㬬   ᨮ  
᫥         த殢, ᭠砫  ᫥  COMPUTE:


                                    -- 48 --



⨯ 㬬         SQL> COMPUTE SUM OF SAL COMM ON REPORT
 ࠧ
            BREAK, ⠪   㦥   
              ਬ 4-13.   COMM  ⥪饬 :

              SQL> 1 SELECT ENAME, SAL, COMM

                믮 ࠢ :

              SQL> /

              ENAME             SAL        COMM
              ---------- ---------- ----------
              ALLEN            1600         300
              WARD             1250         500
              MARTIN           1250        1400
              TURNER           1550           0
              ********** ---------- ----------
              sum            5600       2200

        ⠪  ᪮쪮 㬬 ப  ⥬  
      뢠.  ⮣  㭪   㬬୮ ப 
       COMPUTE:

      COMPUTE 㭪 㭪 ... OF  ON _뢠

      ᫨   ᪮쪮  ᫥ OF   ON, COMPUTE ᫨ 
      ⠥ 祭   㪠 .

ਬ 4-15   ⮡ ᫨ ।  㬬  ⤥ த殢,
᫥    ᭠砫  ᫥騥  BREAK  COMPUTE:
᪮쪨
㬬          SQL> BREAK ON DEPTNO
ப           SQL> COMPUTE AVG SUM OF SAL ON DEPTNO
 
뢠         ⥬   믮 ᫥騩 :

              SQL> SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
                2  FROM EMP
                3  WHERE DEPTNO = 30
                4  ORDER BY DEPTNO, SAL;

              SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:

                  DEPTNO ENAME              SAL
              ---------- ---------- ----------
                      30 JAMES              950
                         WARD              1250
                         MARTIN            1250
                         TURNER            1500
                         ALLEN             1600
                        BLAKE              2850
              **********             ---------
              avg                 1566.6667
              sum                     9400


  㤠 । COMPUTE

                                    -- 49 --



     ᯥ ⥪騥 । COMPUTE, ।⢮ 
 COMPUTE  ࠬ஢:

              COMPUTE

                㤠  । COMPUTE,   CLEAR
               ࠧ COMPUTE.

ਬ 4-16   ⮡ 㤠  । COMPUTE  ᮯ஢騥 
      । BREAK,  ᫥ :
।
COMPUTE       SQL> CLEAR BREAKS
              breaks cleared
              SQL> CLEAR COMPUTES
              computes cleared

         CLEAR BREAKS  CLEAR COMPUTES  
砫   䠩, ⮡ 㡥,  㦥   
BREAK  COMPUTE    믮 ᮢ 襣  䠩.


        ।   ࠧ஢ ࠭

   ࠭ 砥  ࠭  ଠ樥  襬 ᯫ,  
࠭ ⠥ .       砫   
 ࠭, ⠭ ⢮ ப  ࠭,  । 
ਭ  ப.

        ⠭ 孥   

     㦥 㢨,   ⠭   뢮  -
 ࠭ .    , ⠥   ࠭.
 TTITLE । 孨 ;  BTITLE ।  
.

 TTITLE  BTITLE ⮨     ᫥騬 ࠬࠬ,
騬   ଠ  祭 CHAR, ஥     
     ଠ.    ᪮쪮 ஢ 
ࠧ  祭 CHAR:

TTITLE ࠧ_ 祭_char 
       ࠧ_ 祭_char ...


BTITLE ࠧ_ 祭_char 
       ࠧ_ 祭_char ...

    ᯮ㥬 ࠧ  TTITLE  BTITLE ਢ  ᫥饩 
⠡. ஡ ᠭ ࠬ஢ TTITLE  BTITLE ᬮ   6.

 4-2
 ᯮ㥬
ࠧ TTITLE  ࠧ BTITLE
           ਬ    ᠭ

    COL n     COL 72    頥 ᫥饥 CHAR-祭  㪠  



                                    -- 50 --



                        ப
    SKIP n    SKIP 2    ய n ப. ᫨ n > 1, । ᫥騬 
                        CHAR-祭  n-1  ப.

    LEFT      LEFT      ࠭  ᫥饥 CHAR-祭 
    CENTER    CENTER     ᫥饥 CHAR-祭
    RIGHT     RIGHT     ࠭ ࠢ ᫥饥 CHAR-祭


ਬ 4-17        ⮡  孨     
 孥    ࠭ , :
  
             SQL> TTITLE CENTER 'ACME WIDGET SALES DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL REPORT'
             SQL> BTITLE CENTER 'COMPANY CONFIDENSIAL'

               믮 ⥪騩 :

              SQL> /

              SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:

                           ACME WIDGET SALES DEPARTMENT
              PERSONNEL REPORT
              DEPTNO     ENAME              SAL
              ---------- ---------- ----------
                      30 JAMES              950
                      30 WARD              1250
                      30 MARTIN            1250
                      30 TURNER            1500
                      30 ALLEN             1600
                     30 BLAKE              2850


                                  COMPANY CONFIDENSIAL

樮஢      ।饬 ࠦ  룫拉
⮢      ਢ⥫쭮, ᫨  뤥    ⠥
          ⤥ ᫥  ࠭⥫쭮 ப.
                ⠪  㬥  ப  ⠪ ࠧ 業 
                㤥   .

                 ᤥ  ,  ⥫ ࠧ 
                 TTITLE,  ᨢ ⥬ ६ LINESIZE,  
                 ᫥饬 ਬ.

 ਬ 4-18          ⮡   ᮭ쭮    
樮஢      ࠧ饭 孥 ,  :  
⮢ 
                     SQL> TTITLE CENTER 'A C M E  W I D G E T' SKIP 1 - > 
               CENTER ================= SKIP 1 LEFT 'PERSONNEL REPORT' - > 
               RIGHT 'SALES DEPARTMENT' SKIP 2 SQL> SET LINESIZE 60 SQL> /


               SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:





                                    -- 51 --



                                 A C M E  W I D G E T
                                 ====================
               PERSONNEL REPORT                        SALES
               DEPARTMENT

                   DEPTNO ENAME              SAL
               ---------- ---------- ----------
                       30 JAMES              950
                       30 WARD              1250
                       30 MARTIN            1250
                       30 TURNER            1500
                       30 ALLEN             1600
                      30 BLAKE              2850
                                COMPANY CONFIDENSIAL

  ࠧ LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER  ᫥饥 祭  砫, , 
業 ப. ࠧ SKIP ᮮ頥 SQL*PLUS,  室 ६  
  ᪮쪮 ப .

⨬,  㦤 ᫥      ⮩ ப. 
᫥ ப   ⠥  ᫥ ப ࠭. 
⢮  ப  ᫥ ப     
   ࠭,  ⢠ ப ⢥  孨 -
,  ⢠ ᥩ ᯥ⠭  ࠭.   ।饬 ਬ 
孨    ப.      ,  
⠭ ⢮ ப  ࠭.

  n  ப ।  , ᯮ ࠧ SKIP n  
砫  BTITLE.  ਬ, ⮡ ய  ப ।  
  ।饬 ਬ,   ᫥ :

               BTITLE SKIP 1 CENTER 'COMPANY CONFIDENSIAL'


        饭 ࠢ    ⮣,

     ᯮ짮 ࠧ COL  TTITLE  BTITLE ⮡ ᬥ ࠢ 
   㪠 ⢮ 権. ਬ, COL 1 頥 
᫥饥 祭  ࢮ 樨,  ⭮ LEFT  㫥 
ᬥ饭. COL 15 頥    15- 樨, ..   
ࠢ 14 .

ਬ 4-19        ⮡    ᫥,   
饭 ࠢ     ᫥饩 ப 㯮  5 権,:
 

             SQL> TTITLE LEFT 'ACME WIDGET' SKIP 1 -
                > COL 6 'SALES DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL REPORT' SKIP 2

               믮 ᭮ ⥪騩 :

               ACME WIDGET
                    SALES DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL REPORT

                   DEPTNO ENAME              SAL
               ---------- ---------- ----------
                       30 JAMES              950
                       30 WARD              1250

                                    -- 52 --



                       30 MARTIN            1250
                       30 TURNER            1500
                       30 ALLEN             1600
                      30 BLAKE              2850

                                COMPANY CONFIDENSIAL

   ᫨  室     500
      ᨬ,   ᯮ짮  SQL*PLUS
DEFINE          饭 ⥪  ப   ࠧ 
               짮⥫᪨ ६:

               SQL> DEFINE LINE1 = 'This is the first line ...'
               SQL> DEFINE LINE2 = 'This is the second line ...'
               SQL> DEFINE LINE3 = 'This is the third line ...'

               ⥬, 室 㪠  ६  
                TTITLE  BTITLE:

               SQL> TTITLE CENTER LINE1 SKIP 1 CENTER LINE2 SKIP
               1 CENTER -
                    LINE3

뢮          뢥 ⥪騩  ࠭  㣨 祭
࠭          ন ⥬   ,   祭
㣨 ⥬     , ਬ:
祭 
          TTITLE LEFT _祭_⥬

                 祭 ন ⥬,   
                뢥  ,   ᯮ㥬  
                 SQL.PNO (⥪騩  ࠭). ᮪  
               祭 ਢ   6.

ਬ 4-20       ⮡ 뢥 ⥪騩  ࠭ ᢥ  
뢮 ⥪饣    ࠭,  ப   ,  ⠪ :
 ࠭
    SQL> TTITLE LEFT 'ACME WIDGET' RIGHT 'PAGE:'
                 > SQL.PNO SKIP 2

               믮 ᭮ ⥪騩 :

               SQL> /


               ACME WIDGET                             PAGE:  1

                   DEPTNO ENAME              SAL
               ---------- ---------- ----------
                       30 JAMES              950
                       30 WARD              1250
                       30 MARTIN            1250
                       30 TURNER            1500
                       30 ALLEN             1600
                       30 BLAKE             2850

                                COMPANY CONFIDENSIAL


                                    -- 53 --



               ⨬,  SQL.PNO  ଠ ਭ   権. 
                  ଠ ࠧ FORMAT   TTITLE 
               ( BTITLE).

ਬ 4-21     ⮡ 㬥 ⢮ ஡  ᫮ PAGE: 
ଠ஢  ஬ ࠭,  ᭮  TTITLE:
⥬
祭       SQL> TTITLE LEFT 'ACME WIDGET' RIGHT 'PAGE:'FORMAT 999 -
          > SQL.PNO SKIP 2

               믮 ᭮ ⥪騩 :

               SQL> /

               ACME WIDGET                             PAGE:   1

                   DEPTNO ENAME              SAL
               ---------- ---------- ----------
                       30 JAMES              950
                       30 WARD              1250
                       30 MARTIN            1250
                       30 TURNER            1500
                       30 ALLEN             1600
                      30 BLAKE              2850

                                COMPANY CONFIDENSIAL

        , , ⠭
        ᠭ  ࠭ 
  ⮡ ᯥ ᠭ  ࠭, ᮮ⢥  
  ࠬ஢:
               TTITLE
               BTITLE

  ⮡  () ᠭ , :

               TTITLE OFF
               BTITLE OFF

    ⠢ SQL*PLUS ਮ⠭ 뢮   , 
    뢠 ᠭ ᠬ .  ⠭ ⥪饥 
  ᠭ :

               TTITLE ON
               BTITLE ON

뢮 祭
          ᮧ ᮧ /⠫ ,
       ஬ 뢮  祭    
                ࠭  १⠬ ⠫쭮    
               祭 .   뫠  祭   
               孥 ,   ࠭ ॡ㥬 祭  
               ६  뫪  ६   TTITLE. 
               ᯮ  COLUMN  । ६  
               ᫥饬 ଠ:

               COLUMN _ NEW_VALUE _६


                                    -- 54 --



                     ࠧ ORDER BY   
                BREAK, ᯮ ࠧ SKIP PAGE.


ਬ 4-22      /⠫쭮

।,    ᮧ ,  뢮  ࠧ
⨢ 㦥 ,     ⤥쭮 ࠭, 
  ⭮騥  * * *  * *

SQL> COLUMN MGR NEW_VALUE MGRVAR
NOPRINT

   㤥 뢮 ⨢ 㦥   , 
     ⠫쭮 . ࠧ NOPRINT,   
, ᮮ頥 SQL*PLUS,      MGR.

⥬,    祭   襣 ,  
ᮮ⢥  BREAK,    :

SQL> TTITLE LEFT 'Manager: ' MGRVAR SKIP 2
SQL> BREAK ON MGR SKIP PAGE
SQL> BTITLE OFF

 ,   믮 ᫥騩 :

SQL> SELECT MGR, ENAME, SAL, DEPTNO
  2  FROM EMP
  3  WHERE MGR IN (7698, 7839);

SQL*PLUS 뢥 ᫥饥:

Manager:    7698

ENAME               SAL      DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
ALLEN              1600       30
WARD               1250       30
TURNER        1500       30
MARTIN        1250       30
JAMES               950       30

Manager:    7839

ENAME               SAL      DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
JONES         2975       20
BLAKE         2850       30
CLARK         2450       10

᫨    祭    ࠭,  
ᯮ짮  COLUMN  ᫥饩 ଥ:

COLUMN _ OLD_VALUE _६





                                    -- 55 --



SQL*PLUS ᯥ⠥      뢠  
࠭- ᫥ 㦥  祭   .  ⮬,
᫨   㪠 NEW_VALUE   ,    祭
 ᫥饣 ⠫쭮  ᥩ. OLD_VALUE  祭
 , ஥ 뫮 ⢨⥫  뢠 ࠭.

     뢮 ⥪饩    

    筮      ,   祭
 .  ਥ  ஢ ⮢,  ᫨  
    ୮,  ⤠ ।⥭ ⮬᪮
饭 ⥪饩   .   ⢨ ᮧ ६,
ᮤঠ饩 ⥪ .

 ᮧ ⠪ ६ (  ਬ   _DATE),  
 ᫥    䠩 LOGIN:

SET TERMOUT OFF
BREAK ON TODAY
COLUMN TODAY NEW_VALUE _DATE
SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'fmMonth DD, YYYY') TODAY
FROM DUAL;
CLEAR BREAKS
SET TERMOUT ON

   SQL*PLUS,    祭 SYSDATE (⥪
)  ६   _DATE. ⮡ 뢥 ⥪ ,  
㪠 _DATE  , 筮 뫪  㣨 ६.

 ଠ ,   稫   SELECT 襣 䠩 LOGIN,
। ଠ,  ஬ SQL*PLUS 㤥  . ஡ 
 ଠ⮢ ᬮ  "ࠢ筮 㪮⢮   SQL"  
"㪮⢮ 짮⥫   SQL".

 ⠪     ࠪ⨢ ᫥  ᪠;
ਬ ᬮ COLUMN   6.


     ⠭ ࠧ஢   ࠭
    筮, ࠭  ᮤন 孨 ,  ,
१ 襣    . SQL*PLUS 뤠  
 ᪮쪨 ᫥⥫ ࠭,   ᢮  
 .  ⢮ , 뢥 SQL*PLUS-  
࠭,   ⥪ ࠧ஢ ࠭.

 㬮砭 ࠧ ࠭, ᯮ㥬 SQL*PLUS,  :

 * ⢮ ப । 孨 : 1
 * ⢮ ப  ࠭,  孥    
   ࠭: 14
 * ⢮ ᨬ  ப: 80

   ⠭ ࠨ   ࠭ 襩 ,  
.





                                    -- 56 --



    ࠭   ⥬ ६ NEWPAGE 
PAGESIZE. ਬ,    ᤥ ,   ⠥ ,
⠪    ࠢ 66 ப,   15 (饥 ⢮ ப 
࠭ ࠢ 㬬 NEWPAGE  PAGESIZE).

⮡ ⠭ ⢮ ப  砫  ࠭  孨
, ᯮ ६ NEWPAGE  SET:

SET NEWPAGE ⢮_ப

᫨  ⠭ NEWPAGE = 0, SQL*PLUS ய  ப  ⠥
ᨬ   (formfeed)  砫  ࠭.  設⢥ ⨯
࠭ ஢, ᨬ    ࠭  ६頥  
砫 ࢮ ப.   ⠥ , ᨬ   㦠
  㬠,  ᫨ ⨬  ࠭ , 祬 ॠ쭠
  㬠.

⮡ ⠭ ⢮ ப  ࠭  孥 ,
ᯮ ६ PAGESIZE  SET:

SET PAGESIZE ⢮_ப

   㬥 ࠧ ப  業஢ 
襣 . ,  㤥 室 㢥 ࠧ ப  
 ப .    ਭ ப, ᯮ ६
LINESIZE  SET:

SET LINESIZE ⢮_ᨬ


ਬ 4-23      ⮡ ⠭  ࠭ ࠢ 66 ப,  
⠭        ࠭ ( ⠢  ਭ  )  砫 
஢         ࠭,  ⠭  ப  32 ᨬ, 
࠭         ᫥騥 :
**********
SQL> SET PAGESIZE 66
SQL> SET NEWPAGE 0
SQL> SET LINESIZE 32

   믮 ᫥騥 , ⮡  ᫥騥
१:

SQL> TTITLE CENTER 'ACME WIDGET PERSONNEL REPORT'
SKIP 1 -
> CENTER '10-JAN-89' SKIP 2
SQL> COLUMN DEPTNO HEADING DEPARTMENT
SQL> COLUMN ENAME HEADING EMPLOYEE
SQL> COLUMN SAL FORMAT $99,999 HEADING SALARY
SQL> SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
  2  FROM EMP
  3  ORDER BY DEPTNO;

SQL*PLUS 뤠 ᫥騥 १:

 ACME WIDGET PERSONNEL REPORT
           10-JAN-89



                                    -- 57 --



DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE       SALARY
---------- ---------- ----------
       10 CLARK          $2,450
       10 KING           $5,000
       10 MILLER         $1,300
       20 SMITH            $800
       20 ADAMS          $1,100
       20 FORD           $3,000
       20 SCOTT          $3,000
       20 JONES          $2,975
       30 ALLEN          $1,600
       30 BLAKE          $2,850
       30 MARTIN         $1,250
       30 JAMES            $950
       30 TURNER         $1,500
       30 WARD           $1,250

 ᨬ PAGESIZE, NEWPAGE, LINESIZE   祭  㬮砭:

SQL> SET PAGESIZE 14
SQL> SET NEWPAGE 1
SQL> SET LINESIZE 80

⮡ ᯥ ⥪騥 祭  ६, ᯮ  SHOW:

SQL> SHOW PAGESIZE
pagesize 14
SQL> SHOW NEWPAGE
newpage 1
SQL> SHOW LINESIZE
linesize 80




























                                    -- 58 --



     ࠭   ⮢ 

      SQL*PLUS SPOOL,   ࠭ १  
䠩  ᯥ   ਭ.

     ࠭ p⮢  䠩
  ⮡ ࠭ १   䠩-    p  ࠭
-   SPOOL  ᫥饩 ଥ:

   SPOOL _䠩

SQL*PLUS ࠭  ଠ,  㤥 뢮 ᫥ 
SPOOL,  㪠  䠩.

᫨   㪠 ७   䠩, SPOOL    䠩
७  㬮砭, ⮡ 㪠,   䠩 뢮.  ७
  ; 筮    LST  LIS.   ஡ 
뢠  㪮⢥  ⠫樨 ORACLE.

SQL*PLUS த 뢠 ଠ  䠩,    몫 
 䠩, ᯮ SPOOL  ᫥饩 ଥ:

   SPOOL OFF

뫠 १  ᮢ  䠩,    ।஢
 ⥪⮢ ஬  ,     쬮, 
,  㣮 㬥.

      १⮢  ਭ
     ⮡ ᯥ १ ,    䠩  ᠭ 
।饩 . ⥬,  ᯮ짮 SPOOL OFF,   
᫥ ଥ:

     SPOOL OUT

SQL*PLUS  ਧ  ᪮
ᮤন ୮ 䠩   ਭ. SPOOL
OUT ⠥,   㭨⮦  䠩
᫥ .


     ਬ 4-24
      १⮢   ਭ
  ⮡ ᣥ஢ ⥫       䠩 
 १, ᮧ  䠩   EMPRT.

砫, ᯮ EDIT  ᮧ  䠩 訬 ⥬
।஬. ( ᯮ INPUT  SAVE,  SQL*PLUS  
   䠩,   䠩 㤥 믮 ).

SQL> EDIT EMPRT

⥬,  ᫥騥    䠩, ᮫ ⥪⮢
।:





                                    -- 59 --



SPOOL TEMP
CLEAR COLUMNS
CLEAR BREAKS
CLEAR COMPUTES


COLUMN DEPTNO HEADING DEPARTMENT
COLUMN ENAME HEADING EMPLOYEE
COLUMN SAL HEADING SALARY FORMAT $99,999

BREAK ON DEPTNO SKIP 1 REPORT
COMPUTE SUM OF SAL ON DEPTNO
COMPUTE SUM OF SAL ON REPORT

SET PAGESIZE 21
SET NEWPAGE 0
SET LINESIZE 30

TTITLE CENTER 'A C M E  W I D G E T' SKIP 2 -
LEFT 'EMPLOYEE REPORT' RIGHT 'PAGE:' -
FORMAT 999 SQL.PNO SKIP 2

BTITLE CENTER 'COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL'

SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
FROM EMP
ORDER BY DEPTNO;

SPOOL OUT

᫨  室 ⪫ 뢮  ࠭, 室   SET
TERMOUT OFF  砫 䠩  SET TERMOUT ON  . ࠭ 䠩 (
⮬᪨   SQL*PLUS).   믮  䠩
EMPRT:

SQL> @EMPRT

SQL*PLUS 뢥 ᫥騥 १  ࠭ ( ⠭ TERMOUT  OFF),
   䠩 TEMP,  諥 ᮤন 䠩 TEMP   ਭ 
㬮砭:

     A C M E  W I D G E T

EMPLOYEE REPORT      PAGE:   1

DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE     SALARY
---------- ---------- --------
        10 CLARK        $2,450
           KING         $5,000
           MILLER       $1,300
**********            --------
sum                     $8,750

        20 SMITH          $800
           ADMAS        $1,100
           FORD         $3,000
           SCOTT        $3,000
           JONES        $2,975

                                    -- 60 --



**********            --------
sum                    $10,875

     COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL


     A C M E  W I D G E T

EMPLOYEE REPORT      PAGE:   2
DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEE     SALARY
---------- ---------- --------
        30 ALLEN        $1,600
           BLAKE        $2,850
           MARTIN       $1,250
           JAMES          $900
           TURNER       $1,500
           WARD         $1,250
**********            --------
sum                     $9,400
**********            --------
sum                    $29,025


     COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL



































                                    -- 61 --




      5          

  ,  ⢫    ।⢮ SQL*PLUS,
 ᬠਢ ᫥騥 ⥬:
  *  祭    㬮砭
  *  祭  㤠 
  *  ஢   ࠧ묨 
  *  ஢   ⠡栬  

⠩  , ᨤ  ஬,  ஢ 㥬
ਬ. । ⥬,  , 㡥,     
⠡栬-ਬࠬ ᠭ   1.


     祭    㬮砭

 㯠   饩 , ᭠砫     .
  ᪠ SQL*PLUS,  筮 砥   ORACLE 
㬮砭,    ஫,   㪠뢠  ६ ᪠. 
 ஢,       㣨  짮⥫
 SQL*PLUS CONNECT.    ஫ .. ࠢ묨   .

ਬ, ⮡    TODD    㬮砭, ᯮ
஫ FOX,   :

SQL> CONNECT TODD/FOX

᫨  ⨫   ஫, SQL*PLUS    .  ⠪
  ⮫쪮    ஫ (SQL*PLUS 뤠 ᪠ 
 ஫).   SQL*PLUS ᭠砫 ⪫砥   ,  
⪫  , ᫨  㪠 ࠢ   ஫  
CONNECT.

  ᮥ  ORACLE  室  SQL*PLUS,   
DISCONNECT.


     祭   

ORACLE   ⠭  ᪮쪨 .  
 ꥤ  ,   ணࠬ  ࠧ   
䥪⨢  묨. ⥢   室 冷
   ﭨ,  ꥤ ⥫㭨樮묨 ﬨ.

  㣨   㣨   襩 ࠡ祩  (஬   㬮砭)
뢠 㤠묨  (remote).     㤠 , ᫨
ॡ㥬   SQL*NET     ᮢ⨬ ⥢ ࠩ.

 㤠     ᯮᮡ:

  *   SQL*PLUS, ᯮ  CONNECT
  *   ६ ᪠ SQL*PLUS, ᯮ  SQL*PLUS

     祭    㤠    SQL*PLUS
⮡   㤠  ᯮ CONNECT,  SQL*NET - ᯥ-
䨪    CONNECT  ᫥饩 ଥ (  ஫,  ,
  ࠢ묨  㤠 ):

                                    -- 62 --



  *  CONNECT SCOTT@ᯥ䨪_
  *  CONNECT SCOTT/TIGER@ᯥ䨪_

SQL*PLUS, ᫨ 室,      ஫,    
㪠 .   ⠭   㬮砭,    
 㣮 ,   ⪫ (DISCONNECT),    SQL*PLUS.

  砥  㤠   ᯮᮡ,   ᯮ짮 
   SQL*PLUS, SQL   PL/SQL. ப,    
 ᯥ䨪 ,   ⮪ SQL*NET  襬 .  
 ஡ ଠ樥    6   ᮮ⢥饬 
㪮 SQL*NET  襣 ⮪,   襣 .

     祭  SQL*PLUS 㤠 
  ⮡   㤠   ६ ᪠ SQL*PLUS,  ६ ᪠
 SQL*NET-ᯥ䨪    SQLPLUS    ᫥
ଠ⮢:
  *  SQLPLUS SCOTT@ᯥ䨪_
  *  SQLPLUS SCOTT/TIGER@ᯥ䨪_

  㪠 ⨬   ஫ 짮⥫ 㤠   -
 ᮮ⢥ ᯥ䨪 㤠 . ᫨ 室, SQL*PLUS 
     ஫,  SQL*PLUS,     㪠 
.   ⠭   㬮砭,      㣮 
,   ⪫ (DISCONNECT),    SQL*PLUS.

 ᭮,   ।⢥ 㫨஢ ⠡栬  㤠 
᫥ 祭    ᯮᮡ.


     ஢      

ᯮ  COPY  ஢      ⠡栬
 .    COPY   ஢   
᫥騬 ᯮᮡ:
  *  ஢   㤠     
  *  ஢   쭮 ( 㬮砭)   㤠 
  *  ஢   㤠    㤠 

     ᭥ ᨭ⠪
      COPY
  ᯮ짮  COPY  ᫥饬 ଠ:

COPY FROM database TO database action -
destination_table (column_name, column_name, ...)
-
USING query

 ਬ  COPY:

COPY FROM SCOTT/TIGER@D:BOSTON-MFG -
TO TODD/FOX@D:CHICAGO-SALES -
CREATE NEWDEPT (DNUMBER, DNAME, CITY)-
USING SELECT * FROM DEPT

⮡ 㪠   ࠧ FROM  TO,    ࠢ   ஫
짮⥫  쭮  㤠    ᮮ⢥騥 ᯥ䨪樨
.   樨 ᯥ䨪樨   ⠪  ᯮ짮  裡  . 

                                    -- 63 --



COPY ᮡ ᭮ ORACLE, ⮬  짮⥫, ஥  
㪠뢠,     ⠡栬.  ଠ樥  㯭  
頩   .

       㤠 ,    ࠧ
TO.     㤠   쭮 ,   
ࠧ FROM.      㤠묨 ,   㪠
 ࠧ.

 COPY  ᥡ  ࠧ,  ᨬ  ⢮ ⠡
祭   ࠧ ⢨ (action),    (CREATE 
।饬 ਬ).  "ࠢ 饭  楫 ⠡栬"  
 .   㬮砭, 㥬 ⮫      楫
⠡,     ⠡-筨. ᫨   ᢮ 
㣨 , 㪠    㣫 ᪮ ᫥  楫
⠡.

 ࠧ USING ᯮ ,  ஬ 㪠뢠 ⠡-筨 
㥬   楫 ⠡.   ᯮ짮 ࠧ 
 SELECT  롮 ,   ஢  COPY.

 ਬ  COPY,   ⮫쪮    室
⠡,   ⮫쪮    DEPTNO ࠢ 30:

SQL> COPY FROM SCOTT/TIGER@D:BOSTON-MFG -
> REPLACE EMPCOPY2 -
> USING SELECT ENAME, SAL -
> FROM EMPCOPY
> WHERE DEPTNO = 30

     ࠢ 饭   祭
 ࠢ 饭  ⠡ 祭 ।⢮    
 ࠢ ࠧ-REPLACE,CREATE, INSERT,  APPEND.

ࠧ REPLACE 㪠뢠 ⠡,  室 ᮧ  楫 
,  ᯥ ᫥騥 ⢨:

  *  ᫨ 楫 ⠡ 㦥 , COPY 㤠  ⠡ 
     頥  ⠡楩 ᮤঠ饩 㥬 .
  *  ᫨ 楫 ⠡  , COPY ᮧ  ᯮ 㥬
     .

  ᯮ짮 ࠧ CREATE, ⮡     㦥
 ⠡.  CREATE 㪠뢠 ᫥騥 ⢨:

  *  ᫨ 楫 ⠡ 㦥 , COPY ᮮ頥  訡 
     ⠭ 믮 .

  *  ᫨ 楫 ⠡  , COPY ᮧ ⠡ ᯮ
     㥬 .

ᯮ INSERT  饭   㦥  ⠡. INSERT
। ᫥騥 ⢨:

    *  ᫨ 楫 ⠡ 㦥 , COPY ⠢ 㥬  
        楫 ⠡.



                                    -- 64 --



    *  ᫨ 楫 ⠡  , COPY ᮮ頥  訡 
       ⠭ 믮 .

ᯮ APPEND,    ⠢    ⠡,
 ᮧ  ⠡, ᫨ 楫 ⠡  .  APPEND
। ᫥騥 ⢨:

    *  ᫨ 楫 ⠡ 㦥 , COPY ⠢ 㥬  
        楫 ⠡.

    *  ᫨ 楫 ⠡  , COPY ᮧ ⠡,  ⥬
       頥 㥬   .


      ਬ 5-1
஢      

  ⮡ ᪮஢ EMP  㤠   ⠡ EMPCOPY   , 
᫥ .

砭:     ᮮ⢥騥 , ஫  ᯮ CREATE
           ᯥ䨪  㤠 ,  ᮤন  EMP.

SQL> COPY FROM SCOTT/TIGER@D:BOSTON-MFG -
> CREATE EMPCOPY -
> USING SELECT * FROM EMP

SQL*PLUS  ᫥騥 १:

Array fetch/bind size is 20. (arraysize is 20)
Will commit when done. (copycommit is 0)
Maximum long size is 80. (long is 80)

⥬ SQL*PLUS ᮧ ⠡ EMPCOPY, ᪮ ,  뢥 ᫥饥
ᯮ⥫쭮 ᮮ饭:

Table EMPCOPY created.

   14 rows selected from SCOTT/TIGER@D:BOSTON-MFG.
   14 rows inserted into EMPCOPY.
   14 rows committed into EMPCOPY at DEFAULT HOST
connection

   COPY, ࠧ FROM ਪ뢠 COPY ᮥ   
ᯥ䨪樥 D:BOSTON-MFG  짮⥫ SCOTT  ஫ TIGER.

⨬,  窠  ⮩    易⥫쭠; COPY -  
SQL*PLUS,    SQL,     ᮤন .   設T
  COPY  祬  ப,   ᯮ짮  ७(-)

       COPY
  ᮮ饭  COPY 뢠 祭 ᮮ饭 
६  SET,    ஢.    
- LONG,  ࠭稢  祭  ⨯ LONG.
(LONG-  ⨯   CHAR). ᫨ 楫 ⠡ ᮤন 
LONG, COPY ० 祭 ⮩  ᮣ᭮ 祭 ⥬
६ LONG.


                                    -- 65 --



६ ARRAYSIZE ࠭稢 ⢮ ᥩ 롨ࠥ SQL*PLUS-
    ࠧ.   ⢮ ᥩ ⠢  (batch).
६ COPYCOMMIT ⠭ ⢮ ⮢, ᫥  COPY
ᤥ   . (᫨  ⠭ COPYCOMMIT  , COPY ᤥ
   ᫥ ⮣,    ᪮). ஡ ᬮ 
 6.

᫥   ⥬ ६   祭, COPY ᮮ , ᫨
⠡ 뫠 㭨⮦, ᮧ,    ६ 믮
஢. ⥬ COPY ⠥ ⢮ ࠭, ⠢, 
ࠡ⠭ ᥩ.

     । ⠡  㣨 짮⥫
  뫠  ⠡ 㣨 짮⥫   COPY, 㪠
 ⠡   짮⥫.

ਬ, ⮡ ந 쭮 ஢ ⠡ DEPT, 짮⥫
ADAMS   D:BOSTON-MFG,   :

SQL> COPY FROM SCOTT/TIGER@D:BOSTON-MFG -
> CREATE EMPCOPY2 -
> USING SELECT * FROM ADAMS.DEPT

筮,    ⦥ १  COPY, ᮥ 
㤠   ADAMS.   ⮣  室  ஫ 짮⥫
ADAMS.

     ஢   ⠡栬  

  ஢    ⠡      (쭮
 㤠).  ஢  쭮    ᮡ⢥ 
 ஫  ᯥ䨪 襩 쭮    ࠧ FROM   TO
(⨢  ࠧ):

SQL> COPY FROM SCOTT/TIGER@D:MYDATABASE -
> INSERT EMPCOPY2 -
> USING SELECT * FROM EMP

 ஢  㤠    , ஫, 
ᯥ䨪   ࠧ FROM  TO:

SQL> COPY FROM SCOTT/TIGER@D:BOSTON-MFG -
> TO SCOTT/TIGER@D:BOSTON-MFG -
> INSERT EMPCOPY2 -
> USING SELECT * FROM EMP














                                    -- 66 --
