


     1                     ORACLE ?

               I am Sir Oracle,
               And when I ope my lips, let no dog bark !
                     Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice

     ⮩     ⥬ ࠢ 樮
  ORACLE (RDBMS).    । ᭮ ନ
 ,  騥   ᭮ ᫥  ⮣ 㪮⢠.
  뢠:

    * ࠧ稥  ORACLE Version 6  樥 ࠡ⪨ ࠭-
      権   樨 ࠡ⪨ ࠭権

    *  SQL,   ஬  㬥⠫  ।⢠
      ORACLE

    *  ஢ ᨨ ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ORACLE

    * । ନ  , , ⥬  
       ⮢.

    祬 ५樮 ?

 祭 ᫥  ᪮쪨  ⥬ ࠢ ५樮묨 
 ⠫  ப ࠭  ᯮᮡ ࠢ  묨.
樮  ⥬   ᫥騥 २⢠:
    *  㯠   
    *  ஢ 
    * 㬥襭     ᭨ 筮
    * ᨬ 䨧᪨    ᪮ 
    *  㫨஢ 묨 ᮪ ஢ (SQL).

  孮,  易  ࠢ ५樮묨  , 
᫥  ࠧ 祭 , 饭  ५樮  
⠫    ப  㣠 짮⥫.

    쭮 ࠧ⨥  ५樮 孮  ࠧࠡ 
 ப  㤮  ᮭ ஢  ,
᮪᪮ ஢   짮⥫  砩  
襭.

    祬 ࠭  ORACLE ?

    Oracle Corporation 뫠 ࢮ ,  ।⠢襩 
 ५樮 ,  த饩     ⥬
ࠢ      .  ⥣  Oracle Corporation,  
। ७ᨬ, ᮢ⨬   裡     
१ 짮⥫ 祭  㬥  ࠡ. ࢠ  砥
 楯樨,  ⥬  ਬ   ப  
 ணࠬ ᯥ祭.

     ⠪  ࠡ⪨ ࠭樨 ?

 ⮬ 㪮⢥ 뢠  ᨨ  ணࠬ  த ORACLE:
    * ORACLE RDBMS Version 6.0  樥 ࠡ⪨ ࠭権
    * ORACLE RDBMS Version 6.0  樨 ࠡ⪨ ࠭権


                                    -- 19 --



 ORACLE -  ᮪ந⥫쭠, 饭  ᡮ ⥬
ࠢ  , ࠧࠡ⠭ ᯥ樠쭮  ࠡ⪨ ࠭権 
० on-line    .

ORACLE RDBMS V6 ᮤন ⢮    ᠬ  ,  ⠪  
몥 SQL,    ࠧ  魮  ࠢ   ࠭
ﬨ.   襭   ᥡ:
 * ᢥ   樨 commit  襭 ࠡ⪨ ࠭権
 * ᮢ襭⢮ ࠢ ᯮ짮 譥   DBA 
   筮 짮⥫
 * ⪠  ⠭  ० on-line,  ⠪ 襭 ⮪஢
 * ⥫  ⠭  ᡮ
 * ஫ 窨  ⪠ (rollback)  ஢ ஢
 *  㬥  樨   - SQL*DBA
 * 騩 ᯮ.

 ࠡ⪨  ࠭権  ।⠢   ⥫ ,
 ᯮᮡ  ᮪ ஢ ࠡ⪨ ࠭権:
    * ࠡ稪 ஢  ஢ ப
    * PL/SQL - 楤୮ ७ 몠 SQL.

ORACLE V6     樥 ࠡ⪨ ࠭権,  ⠪    ᮤন 
襯᫥   ᪫祭 ᫥   (஢ 
 ஢ ப  PL/SQL).    㪮⢥ ᯥ樠쭮 ⬥ ࠧ
   樥 ࠡ⪨ ࠭権   , ᫨   
⢥  짮⥫.

     SQL

 ᭮ ORACLE RDBMS   㫨஢  묨 SQL (ந -
"ᨪ") -  - ,  ᯮ騩  設⢥ ⢨ 
 . SQL 筮   ⮣, ⮡  稭騥 짮⥫
      ,    ६  筮 ,
⮡ ।⠢ ணࠬ⠬    ,   
ॡ.

SQL  ࠧࠡ⠭   ।    ᫥⥫᪮  業 IBM,   ⥬
⥫쭮 ࠡ⠭  ਪ᪮ 樮쭮  ⠭⮢ (ANSI)
 ⢥ ⠭⭮ 몠  ५樮 ⥬ ࠢ  .

 Oracle  Corporation  SQL  ⢮ ⠭⭮
몠 SQL.   , 騥  ⮩ ,   몠 SQL,
  SQL*DBA.

         SQL

      ࠧࠡ⠭ ᯥ樠쭮  ,  ࠭   ५樮
.   SQL (뢠 ⠪ )    ᯮ짮  
  ।,    த ORACLE (⠪    SQL*Forms),  ⨫
(ਬ - SQL*DBA),   ⠪ 짮⥫᪨ ணࠬ (ਬ -
SQL*COBOL).

 ⠢襩  ⮩  㦤  ᭮ ⥣ਨ ஢ SQL.
  ᠭ SQL   "ࠢ筮 㪮   SQL".
 ਫ G  ᮤন  ᯨ᮪ ஢ SQL, 筮 ᯮ㥬 DBA.

     SQL*DBA


                                    -- 20 --



        SQL*DBA  ࠬ SQL.    DBA
믮 㭪樨  ঠ      ᯮ짮    
⨫ SQL*DBA.    - ᭮ 㪮⢮  㪠 ;
ࠢ筨   室  ਫ .

     SQL ।,      ࠭  ⠡ (ਬ - 
⠡ EMP).    ⠡  ।  ᢮    ஬ .
  ࠪਧ  (ਬ - EMPNO,  ENAME,  JOB)  ⨯
 (ਬ -  CHAR  ᨬ,   NUMBER).  砥, ᫨ 
㪠 NOT NULL,   ᮤঠ  祭.   
뢠 ﬨ  ਡ⠬.

     祭  室  ப ⠡ (뢠 ⠪
ﬨ  ⥦). 騩 ਬ ப   ⠡, 筮
ᯮ㥬  㬥樨  ORACLE:  ⠡  ﬨ  㦠,
뢠 EMP.
    EMPNO  ENAME   JOB      MGR   HIREDATE   SALARY  COMM DEPTNO
    -----  ------- -------  ----- --------- ------- ----- ------
    7329   SMITH   CLERK    7902  17-DEC-80     800   300     20
    7499   ALLEN   SALESMAN 7698  20-FEB-81    1600   300     30
    7521   WARD    SALESMAN 7698  22-FEB-81    1250   500     30
    7566   JONES   MANAGER  7839  02-APR-81    2975           20

     몠 SQL 筮 ࠧ   ⥣ਨ:
    * 
    *  㫨஢ 묨 (DML)
    *  ।  (DDL)
    *  ࠢ 묨 (DCL).

       ⥣ਨ 筮 ᢮   (  
 DML     DDL).      ⥣ਨ  ࠧ筮
祭       .   ⮩  ࠧ㬥,  
,   SQL ⭮   ⥣ਨ.  ⥣
 뢠 .

    

    ᠬ 뢠 ,  롨騥      樨,
।⠢  浪.  筮  稭  १ࢨ஢
᫮ SQL - SELECT  室묨  ᫥騬 묨  ⠡栬 (TABLE) 
ࠬ (VIEW), ᮤঠ騬 室 . ਬ:

    SELECT ENAME, MGR
    FROM EMP;

        ,  ⮫쪮 롨 . 筮  ⭮ 
ࠬ DML.

     㫨஢  묨 (DML)

 DML ᯮ       ᯮᮡ:
    * ⠢  ப  ⠡ (INSERT)
    *  祭 ⮫殢   ப (UPDATE)
    * 㤠 ப  ⠡ (DELETE).

    ਢ  ਬ ஢ DML:



                                    -- 21 --



    INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (1234, 'DAVIS', 'SALESMAN', 7698,
    '14-FEB-1988', 1600, 500, 30)
    DELETE FROM EMP WHERE NAME IN ('WARD','JONES')

      ᠬ   DML    筮   
ᯮ㥬묨.   ࠬ DML ⭮ ⠪  LOCK,  COMMIT WORK 
ROLLBACK WORK.

     ।  (DDL)

     DDL ᯮ  ।  প ꥪ⮢  
(  ⠡ ),   ⠪    ⬥   砥,    ⯠
室.   DDL   ᥡ   CREATE (⠪  
CREATE  TABLE    CREATE VIEW)  ᮮ⢥騥  CREATE  DROP.
ਬ:
    CREATE TABLE PLANTS (COM_NAME CHAR 15, LAST_NAME CHAR 20)
    DROP TABLE PLANTS

             ࠢ 묨 (DCL)

 DCL ᯮ   ࠢ  ᫥騬   ⨯ 㯠:
*     (ᯮ, ਬ, GRANT CONNECT)
*      (ᯮ, ਬ, GRANT SELECT  REVOKE DELETE).

     DCL   짮⥫   㣨 짮⥫
ᬠਢ,       ⠡,   ⠪ ।   
ਢ  㣨  짮⥫  (GRANT SELECT ... WITH GRANT OPTION).
 ࠢ 묨 ⠪   ᥡ  AUDIT.

     DCL    DDL  筮  ꥤ  ;  ॠ쭮 ORACLE RDBMS
ࠪ  筮.


    PL/SQL: ७ SQL

    ORACLE   樥 ࠡ⪨ ࠭権  砥  ᥡ 楤
ன 몠 SQL,  뢠 PL/SQL. PL/SQL   SQL,
।⠢ 筮 ஢ 楤 樨  樨 
楤묨 ﬨ SQL.  ᮡ PL/SQL   ᥡ:
    * ।  祭 ६
    * ࠢ  ᫮ (IF, THEN, ELSE)
    * ࣠ 横 (FOR, WHILE, EXIT WHEN)
    * ॠ樨  ᮡ 樨.

    ਭ樯쭠 襭 PL/SQL ⮨  ⮬,   ORACLE   樥
ࠡ⪨ ࠭権  믮       SQL
- 楫 楤. 짮⥫ ⠢塞 ਫ ORACLE  
ᮡ २⢠  襭 ⥢ .

    㬥  PL/SQL ᮤন  "㪮⢥ 짮⥫  ࠢ筨
 PL/SQL".

            ⥬ ࠢ ५樮   ORACLE

    ORACLE RDBMS  -  ᭮ த  ⥬ ORACLE.  砥 
ᥡ ⥬  ࠡ      ⥫   㭪権,
 짮⥫  DBA ন, ᫥  ᯮ짮 .


                                    -- 22 --



      RDBMS 室 .  믮 ᫥騥 㭪樨:
    * ࠢ ।  ࠧ饭 
    * ࠢ  ࠧ࠭稢   ࠫ ࠡ
    *  ⪠뢠  ⠭ 
    *   SQL  PL/SQL.

      ⥩   ⨬.   ᫥ ୠ⨢
  㯠      楫 믮    ⨬쭮
.  ਬ,  ᬠਢ ᫮  ,  । ,
 㤥     .  ⨬  
믮.

     த ORACLE RDBMS 祭 ᪮쪮  ⨫.     㪮⢥
ᠭ ⨫, ᯮ㥬 २⢥ DBA.

    SQL*DBA

⨫ DBA  ᪮쪮 ਬ,    ⠭  ,
᫥  ᯮ짮,  ⠪ 믮 ⪠  ⠭.
 ࠢ筨   SQL* DBA ਢ  ਫ .

    CRT

     ⨫  । ࠪ⨪ ࠭  ࠭
த⮢ ( ਬ - SQL*Forms),   ⠪  祭  䨪樨
㭪樮쭮 .   ⨫  ᠭ   "㪮⢥ 짮⥫
 ⨫⠬ ORACLE".

    Export/Import

     ⨫  ६饭  ORACLE        䠩 
⭮.   Export   ᯮ짮  娢樨   
७    ORACLE, ࠡ騬   ࠢ ࠧ
樮 ⥬.  ଠ  ᯮ/  
   15,       ᠭ   "㪮⢥ 짮⥫ 
⨫⠬ ORACLE".

    SQL*Loader

     짮⥫᪠ ⨫  㧪      ⠡   
ORACLE   ⠭ 䠩 樮 ⥬.  ᭮ ᠭ 
SQL*Loader 室  "㪮⢥  짮⥫  ⨫⠬ ORACLE".

    㣨 த ORACLE

 த⮢ ORACLE ।⠢ 짮⥫ ப  ⥩
 㬥⠫ ।. 稭騥 짮⥫  ᯮ짮 -
࠭  ࠢ塞 १  ਪ த.  襭 짮⥫
 ᯮ짮  㯠     ࠧ 㬥⠫ ।⢠.
 ।⢠   ᥡ 㯭⠡ ⠡, ࠪ⨢ 䥩
 ணࠬ 䥩,  㯭  ࠧ 몮 ணࠬ஢.

    䨪 ᨩ ணࠬ த⮢ ORACLE

      ணࠬ த ௥    ࠧ,  
   ६  ᯮ짮 ᪮쪮  ࠧ ᨩ.   
䨪樨  ᨨ  ணࠬ த  ॡ   
ᥫ.

                                    -- 23 --



     ᨨ

 ᨨ,  ਬ - Version 6,    騬 䨪஬.
 ᨨ    砥  ⥫쭮 ७ 㭪樮
⥩ த.

     ᮯ஢

     ᨨ  ᮯ஢  砥  ࠧ ॠ樨 ᭮
ᨨ, 稭  , ਬ Version 6.0  Version 6.1. ஢ ᨨ
ᮯ஢ 蠥  ࠢ 訡    
ணࠬ  ⥩.

    ஢ ।樨

    ஢ ।樨 砥  ᯥ᪨  ஢  ꥪ . 
᫮ 㦨  Oracle Corporation   䨪樨 ⥬ ORACLE.
筮 த 砥  ஢ ।樨   ᨨ ᮯ஢ (

    ⥬ᨬ  ᮯ஢

      樮 ⥬  ॡ ⢥⮥ ᫮ 
䨪樨 ᨨ ᮯ஢  ਬ⥫쭮  ணࠬ த  
 ⥬.   ᫮  ⫨   ᨨ ᮯ஢.

    ⥬ᨬ ஢ ।樨

      樮 ⥬   ॡ  ⮥ ᫮ 
䨪樨  ᮡ ஢ ।樨 ਬ⥫쭮  樮 ⥬.

ਬ, ਡ⨢     祭 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
6.0.20/1.3,  砥:

     ᨨ   ᨨ        /⥬    
                  ᮯ஢  ।樨   ᨨ  ।樨
    6             .0             .20       /1            .3

    ᫨ Oracle Corporation ।⠢  த   騥,
 ᨨ ⤥ த⮢ 㢥稢 ᨬ  㣨.  ਬ,
   RDBMS V5.1.12.2, ࠡ  SQL*Forms V2.0.3, SQL*Plus V1.0.9
 PRO*FORTRAN V1.1.2 ( ᫠  ⮫쪮  樨).

     ⠪ ⥬ ࠢ   ORACLE ?

    ⥬ ࠢ   ORACLE    䨣஢ 
ᯥ祭  ப   ⥩.    䨣 짮-
⥫ 頥    (ᮢ㯭 ᮡ⢥    䠩
⪠ (. ਩)) १  ORACLE (ணࠬ ᯥ祭,
ࠡ饥   ).

㭮 1-1    짮⥫    (ࠧࠡ⠭
 ࠫ쭮 㯠    짮⥫).  짮⥫᪨ 
 ᪮쪮 .
       Ŀ
                SYSTEM GLOBAL AREA (SGA)              
       
                   塞  ORACLE
       Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ      Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ

                                    -- 24 --



        S   P   D   L   A       U   U   U  
        M   M   B   G   R       S   S   S  
        O   O   W   W   C       E   E   E  
        N   N   R   R   H       R-1 R-2 R-3
                   
                        ^           ^    ^    ^
          楤  Ŀ      
                           v                 v      
      Ŀ    Ŀ   Ŀ
                                               
       ࠢ騩       ୠ -          
         䠩            ୮          
                         믮                 
             
       㭮 1-1   ORACLE

     ⥬     ᨬ.  ⥬ 
 ᮥ ⮫쪮     ,      易 
㣨   १ SQL*Net. ⠭ 裡 뢠 ⨥
 .   ,   ⥬   ॡ
裡.

  ⥬ ࠡ⠥  易    ,  
⥬ ⮢.     ⥬ ⠭ (shut down), 
  㯭  ᯮ짮.    ⠥ 䠩
䨣樨   , 筮 뢠 INIT.ORA.   䠩 ᮤন
ࠧ ࠬ, ᯮ㥬    .

   (DBA) ⢥⢥    ⠭ ஢
⥬.      ⨫ SQL *DBA.   ⥬
ᯮ     , ⠪       ⥬ 
⮬᪨ 뢠      .


     ⠪   ORACLE

      -  㯮冷祭  ,     
 楫.   ⮨  䠩 樮 ⥬.  ᪨
 ᮡ⢥ 䠩    䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮 (redo log
files).  ᪨  䠩    ᮤঠ  ᫮३  짮⥫-
᪨ ⠡,  䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮 ᮤঠ  
⠭.  ⥫쭮   ॡ   ᪮쪮 
ࠢ饣 䠩.   䠩   ᮤন  ଠ, 
  ।    .

    㭮 1-2 뢠 室    ORACLE.
                 ୠ    ࠢ騩 䠩
            (쭮      (  
  (  )     ⨢       䠩)
                       䠩)
   Ŀ   Ŀ   Ŀ
                                                
                                                
                                                
         
    㭮 1-2    ORACLE



                                    -- 25 --



। ⥬,  ᯮ짮    ࠭ ଠ樨,  
ன , 뢠 ᮧ  .   室 ᮧ
   砥,   室  㣮 ᨨ ணࠬ
ᯥ祭 ORACLE  㣮.

᫨   ᮧ   室,  筮  ந ᫥
蠣 楤 ⠫樨  ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ORACLE.  13
뢠  ᮧ       ᯮ짮 ᮢ⭮ 
㪮⢮  ⠫樨  㪮⢮ 짮⥫.

         ,  ஥    
  ᮧ.   㪠뢠   CREATE DATABASE   
㭨   .   SQL  SQL*DBA 
ᯮ짮 ஬   ॡ 㪠   
,  設⢮   짮⥫     .

    ।   ஢.  ᫥騥  뢠
᪨  䨧᪨ ,   ⠢  .

     3 뢠 䠩 樮 ⥬,  ॡ㥬  .
      4 뢠 ᪨    ᮪  ஢  :
  ⠡ (tablespaces)  ᥣ.
     5   뢠  ᪨    짮⥫᪮ ஢
(⠡, ,   ࠧ ).
     6 뢠 ⨯  ORACLE.
     7 뢠 ᫮     ࠦ  ᯮ짮 
    .
     ⮣,  ⮡    뫠 㯭,     
஬ ⥬ ORACLE.

     ⠪  ORACLE

     ORACLE ᯥ稢 ணࠬ 堭  㯠  
  ࠢ .    饭 ᨬ  -
  (   ஢    ).   
  ᨬ쭮       (   樮
⥬ ⢥        ᪮쪨
஢).

     ⮨ :

*   ࠧ塞   (뢠 system global area  SGA),
 ᯥ稢   ᠬ.  ⠫쭮 SGA 㦤 
 8.
*   䮭 ᮢ (砥 DBWR,  LGWR,  SMON, PMON  ARCH),
 ࠧ ᥬ 짮⥫ﬨ.   뢠  9

 14  㦤      襭  ORACLE  ⠪
஢, ⨥, ⨥  ࠧ஢  - .

      㦤  㯥     ORACLE  RDBMS.  ணࠬ
  RDBMS  뢠 ஬.     ࠧ   ᪮쪨
ࠬ.  ஡  ࠧ     㪮⢥ 
⠫樨  㪮⢥ 짮⥫.

    㭮 1-3 뢠   ORACLE.
       Ŀ
                                                        ⨢-

                                    -- 26 --



                SYSTEM GLOBAL AREA (SGA)                
                                                        
                 ୠ          
       
                  塞  ORACLE   
              Ŀ         
         Ŀ     Ŀ     Ŀ     Ŀ     Ŀ
          S       P       D       L       A    
          M       M       B       G       R    
          O       O       W       W       C 
          N       N       R       R       H 
                             
       㭮 1-3   ORACLE

       ,  ⠪  䨪.  ,
ࠡ騥   ,   ࠧ . 
    ⠫樨 ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ORACLE;
 ࠢ    樮 ⥬.   
⠫쭮  ଠ樨    ஢  ⠭ ⥪饣
   㪮 짮⥫  㪮  ⠫樨.


       ࠧ塞묨 ᪠

               ⢥   ORACLE , 
 樮 ⥬, ᪮쪮஢ ६. 
,  ன        ORACLE,  뢠
  ࠧ塞묨 ᪠.   21 ᮤন ᯥ᪨ ॡ 
  ࠧ塞묨 ᪠.

    ,     ࠧ塞묨 ᪠    ,
ࠧ塞   ࠬ ORACLE, ⮣  ।  
ॡ ᪮쪮    ᪮쪮 ஢ ORACLE, 易 
 ⥢ ணࠬ ᯥ祭.

        㭮 1-4     ࠧ塞묨 ᪠.

             -                  - 
     Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ   Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ
      S   P   D   L   A     S   P   D   L   A 
      M   M   B   G   R     M   M   B   G   R 
      O   O   W   W   C     O   O   W   W   C 
      N   N   R   R   H     N   N   R   R   H 
                

   Ŀ   Ŀ
                                                            
   SYSTEM   GLOBAL  AREA(SGA)    SYSTEM   GLOBAL  ARA (SGA) 
                                
      
                    v v   >Ŀ  <
          Ŀ    Ŀ   Ŀ
                             ୠ               
                        ୮      ࠢ騥
                   믮        䠩    
                                                        



                                    -- 27 --



                 
           ࠧ  ࠬ ORACLE
      㭮 1-4    ࠧ塞묨 ᪠


        ।  

      ORACLE  뢠 १   㣨  .
 ࠧ, 짮⥫        㣮
 .   22 ᮤন  ଠ  DBA, ⢥⢥ 
    , 易 १ SQL*Net.

        2                  (DBA).

           Thow dost preserve the stars from wrong; And the most ancient
           heavents, through Thee, are fresh and strong.
                             Wordsworth:Ode to Duty

               O Duty,
               Why hast thou not the visage of sweetie or a cutie?
               Why glitter thy spectacles so ominously?
               Why art thow clad so abominously?
               Why art thou so different from Venus?
               And why do thou and I have so few interests mutually
                    in common between us?

                             Ogden Nash:Kind of an Ode to Duty

     ⮩  뢠 ஫   易⥩  
 (DBA).   饬 砥             
 祫,  믮騩 易 DBA.  ᫨    
ন   ਫ, ⥫쭮  ᪮쪮 DBA.

     ⮩  뢠:
    * ᭮ 易 DBA
    *  ⮬᪨ ॣ㥬  짮⥫  DBA: SYS  SYSTEM
    * ਢ, 騥 ⮫쪮 DBA
    * ⨫ DBA SQL*DBA.

     ⮩  ⪮   易⥩ DBA. ⠢  ⮣
㪮⢠ ।⠢ 孨 ଠ  ⠫ 樨 
믮 DBA  易⥩.

     ⠪   ?

    DBA ࠥ  祭   ஫  ᯥ譮 ᯫ樨 RDBMS.   ᭮
"ࠢ騩"      ⢥⢥  孨᪮  
ணࠬ ᯥ祭,  ନ饥  ,  ⠪  
짮⥫ ⥬.   ࠧ, DBA   :
    * ⠫樨  ᮯ஢ ணࠬ ᯥ祭
    * ன    ⨬쭮 ᯮ짮
    * ஢  
    * ࠢ쭮 
    * 楫⭮ 
    * ᯥ祭  
    * ࠭ 
    * 㯭 
    * ⠭ 

                                    -- 28 --



    筮 DBA     ᭮  騬      Oracle Corporation 
 筨 ଠ樨  ORACLE  짮⥫  .

    DBA  易⥫쭮 ⠫ ORACLE.  筮 DBA  ஫,
 ᠬ  믮  ⠫     ணࠬ ᯥ祭.

     쭮 砥 DBA     : ਬ,  
 ,     ࠭    ᯮ,   
  ࠭権    㢥 ந⥫쭮.

    ண ,  ஬       짮⥫,
騩     ਢ  DBA  (.   17).  ⥬ ORACLE
⠫   짮⥫ﬨ, 騬  SYS  SYSTEM.  -
  ⮩ .        㣨 짮⥫,
騥 ਢ DBA.

     ⮬ 㬥  DBA  ࠧ㬥  ,  믮饥 ᭮
易     饥  ⥬ ORACLE 
짮⥫  ਢﬨ DBA.

    ᭮ 易 DBA

 易 DBA ⭮:
    * ࠭஢ 楫⭮  ࠭   (.  11  12)
    * ஢  ன ⥬ ORACLE (.  19  20)
    * ᭨ ᯮ㥬 ᪮  (.  16)
    * 䥪⨢ ࠧ      짮⥫ﬨ  (.   12)
    * ࠭஢ ᥪ⭮  (.  17  18)
    * 믮 ॣ୮ १ࢭ ஢   (.  15)
    *  室 - ⠭  (.  15).


      DBA  樮 ⥬

    DBA 㦤  ⭮   䨪  樮 ⥬,
饬    ⥬,  । ன ࠡ⠥ ORACLE.    
DBA   訥  ࠢ   짮⥫   ࠢ
㯠 (ਬ  -   믮 ।   ⢨    ⠫樨
ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ORACLE).   DBA    ॡ  뫠
䠩  । 㤮,       .

   ᪠,  ணࠬ SQL*DBA ॡ,  ⮡   DBA
 樮 ⥬  ७   믮 ਢ-
஢ ⥬   SQL*DBA.  ⮤ ७ ⥩ ⭮
,   DBA, ᯥ祭  樮 ⥬;  ⠫ﬨ
, ,   "㪮  짮⥫    ⠫樨" 
襩 樮 ⥬.

      ⭮  DBA  樮 ⥬ (, ⠪ ࠧ, 
ਢ஢   SQL*DBA)  ⥫쭮 ஫஢.

    ⠭  짮⥫  DBA


     ⥬ ORACLE ⮬᪨ ⠫   짮⥫ﬨ
ORACLE, 騬 ਢ DBA.    뢠  ᫥ ࠧ



                                    -- 29 --



    ᫨ ।,   ᪮쪮   믮 㭪樨 DBA,
।⥫쭥  ᪮쪮  짮⥫,  ⭮
ॣ஢  SYS  SYSTEM.   ᭨ ⭮ ।७
 ⠡  ஢,  ਭ SYS  SYSTEM.

     ⨫⠬ ⥬ ORACLE ॡ   ⠡栬 
ࠬ,  ਭ騬 SYS  SYSTEM. ਬ, ணࠬ CRT  SQL*Forms
 ⠡栬  SYSTEM.    ⠡ ᮧ  ⠫樨  
 .


    짮⥫ SYS

    짮⥫ SYS  ॣ  ஫ CHANGE_ON_INSTALL.   ஫
室 ᬥ ࠧ  ᫥ ᮧ   .   ஫
짮⥫  SYS  믮    ᫥ 蠣  ⠫樨.
 ᠭ  "㪮⢥ 짮⥫   ⠫樨"    ⭮
樮 ⥬.

    ⠪  ᫥騩:

    GRANT CONNECT TO SYS IDENTIFIED BY newpassword

 짮⥫   ORACLE      ॣ஢  
 짮⥫ SYS,    DBA      ०.  SYS
 묨 ⠡栬 ᫮,    ⠡   ࠡ ⥬
ORACLE. ஬ ⮣, SYS  ࠬ, 騬   ⠡.

 ଠ樥 ⠡ 짮⥫ SYS ࠡ⠥ ORACLE RDBMS  १ ᯮ
  .    묨 ᫮ 筠  ࠡ  .
  ,  ᪫祭 砥,  ᠭ  ࠧ "
⮢ ᫮ "  7,     騥 ⠡,
    짮⥫ SYS.

   砭: 㯫   ࠢ  ਢ   ,
室 DBA  ⠭ ଠ樨 .

     㬮砭 ⮫쪮 짮⥫ SYS    ७ ⠡栬,
ᯮ㥬 ।⢮ SQL*DBA MONITOR.   ஡ ଠ樨 
।⢥ MONITOR  ।⠢ 㣨 짮⥫ ࠢ 㯠  ⨬ ⠡

    짮⥫ SYSTEM

    짮⥫ SYSTEM  ॣ  ஫ MANAGER    
SYS,   ᬥ  ࠧ  ᫥ ᮧ  .  ,
  ⠫    த⮢,  ਬ - SQL*Forms, ࠧ㬥
஫ MANAGER  짮⥫ SYSTEM.

    짮⥫ SYSTEM   ᮧ ⥫ ⠡  .
ਬ, DBA, ॣ஢  SYSTEM,   ᢮ ᬮ७
ᮧ ⥫ ⠡  , ᮤঠ騥  騥  ⥬  
짮⥫᪨ .    ᮧ  짮⥫ SYSTEM
⠡, 騥  ⤥ 짮⥫.

      INTERNAL




                                    -- 30 --



 ।  DBA  ॡ  ॣ஢  祢
᫮  INTERNAL.    INTERNAL ⭠ ॣ樨 SYS,  
 ⮬  ॡ   ஫.   ⮬  砥     饭
⠭⭠ ஢ઠ  짮⥫.

    ᮥ  INTERNAL -   ਢ஢   SQL*DBA.
 ࠧ, ORACLE RDBMS ஢,   짮⥫ 樮
⥬, 騩 ᮥ  INTERNAL, ࠧ襭   믮
ਢ஢  SQL*DBA.    ஡ ଠ樨 
ਢ஢    SQL*DBA   ਫ .

    ᮥ  INTERNAL  ॡ  砥,   
஢,     ( ।  ,    ॡ
 㦨  ). ᮥ  INTERNAL ॡ  ᫥
:
*  ᮧ   (⠪     믮   CREATE  DATABASE
     ᮥ  ,   ⢨ ᫮  
   ஢ ஢ 짮⥫)
*       楫     ⬥ 䠩  ୠ
  ୮  믮,  ᯮ   ALTER DATABASE.
砭: ᮥ   INTERNAL   ⠫  ਢ
       ᯥ樠쭮.  ᯮ짮  ᮥ   INTERNAL  ⮫쪮 DBA.

    ਢ DBA

    짮⥫ SYS   SYSTEM   ⥬ ORACLE ᯥ樠 ਢ,
   㣮 짮⥫    㪠 㯠 
DBA.  ᠭ  ਢ   ࠧ "짮⥫ 
ਢﬨ DBA"  17 ⮣  㬥.

    㬥⠫ ।⢠ DBA  ணࠬ SQL*DBA

    ணࠬ SQL*DBA -    㬥 DBA. SQL *DBA 
ᯮ짮  襭  ,  ᫥騥:
    * ᮧ   
    *   ⠭  ORACLE
    * ᮥ  砥 室   짮⥫ INTERNAL
    *   ⥪饣    믮 -
      権  ⥬  ࠧ묨  .
    * 믮 ஢ SQL
    * ᫥ ॠ쭮 ६ ᯮ짮  
    * ⨢ 䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮
    * 娢 䠩 ୮ 믮
    * ⠭    ⪠ 㤮

     祭  ଠ樨  ᯮ짮 SQL*DBA    ⠭
     13,     ਫ   ᠭ ⨫ SQL*DBA 
ਢ  ᨭ⠪  .

       㬥⮬ DBA  ᫮ . ᯮ짮 
  ⠡  ஢ ᫮   祭 㤮  ࠡ
DBA.   ⮬    "" 砥 ଠ
⥬ ᮧ ⥫ ஢  ⠡, ਢ    㤮
 ᥡ ଥ.    㣨 짮⥫, DBA   ࠭祭 
 ᫮ . ஡ ᬮ  7.




                                    -- 31 --



  ⠪ ⠪  ⨫  ORACLE   SQL*Loader, CRT,
Export/Import.  ⨫ ᠭ  "㪮⢥ 짮⥫  ⨫⠬
ORACLE".

         II                          ORACLE RDBMS

         3                ORACLE RDBMS

     ⮩  뢠 䠩 樮 ⥬,  室 
㭪樮஢ ⥬ ࠢ  ५樮   (RDBMS).
㦤  ⥬  砥   ᥡ 祭  ᮯ஢   ⨯
䠩,  ॡ      ORACLE:
    * ணࠬ ORACLE RDBMS
    * 䠩  
    * ࠢ騥 䠩
    * 䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮.

筮 ⮫쪮  DBA  ࠡ⠥   䨧᪨ 䠩,   짮⥫ 
⮬  室.  ORACLE RDBMS V6  ।⠢  ப
 ࠢ 䨧᪮ . ਬ, DBA  ।
/뢮  ࠧ ன⢠,  ॢ    
⨢ ﭨ,   ⠭   ,   ६ 
⠢    ⠥ ⨢.

  ᮡ   DBA,  ࠢ饣 让  :  
 ६   ࠡ⠥    (ਬ - 믮 १-
 ஢  ࠧ蠥  ஡),  짮⥫ 
த ࠡ    ⨢   .

    ⥫ ଠ,  ⭮  㦤  ⮩ 
।,    :
    *  4      ࠭⢠  ᥣ
    *  15    ࢭ ஢  ⠭  
    *  16    ࠢ 
    * 㪮⢥ 짮⥫  ⠫樨 - ᠭ,  ᮧ 
      ᯮ짮  䠩   樮 ⥬.

    㭮 3-1     䠩, ॡ㥬  ࠡ
 .    ,     ணࠬ RDBMS ॡ 
  䠩.          ⥫ 䠩
㪠 ⨯.

     䠩                  쭮        
                               ⢮         ࠧ

                        1           500 
    ⨢ ୠ ୮        2           50  
    믮 ࠢ騩 䠩                   1  । 
                                                  ⠫樨 (让)

      믮묨         ()            ࠧ
    ணࠬ RDBMS                               樮
                                                  .  ( 17400 )
       㭮 3-1   䠩   





                                    -- 32 --



    ORACLE RDBMS  ॡ 䨪஢ ꥬ   ணࠬ  .
 ।  ᪮ ,  祬  室.  ஬ ⮣,
⠪ ,  ᪮ 䠩, । ⠪  ࠭ 
  RDBMS , ᪮쪮   ᯮ짮.

    ᪨  ᪨ 

    ᪨ ,  ⠪  䠩 樮  ⥬, ࠭  
ॠ  ⥫  (ਬ  -  , 䫮-᪠  ⢥
᪠).  易  , ।塞 樮 ⥬.  ⥬
ORACLE ॡ  ࠡ ᪮쪮 䠩.

    筮 ⮫쪮 DBA    䨧᪨  ⠬  (ਬ,
㤮⮢,    䠩     ࠭     
室    䠩).  ।    짮⥫  
ࠡ    䨧᪨ ࠬ ਬ - ⮡ ஢ /뢮
 ଠ  ᪥.

    ᪨   ⠪  ᮮ⢥ ⠬ ᪮ ,  
࠭    䨧᪮  ࠧ饭  䠩. ਬ  -  ᪠
⠡  ४뢠 䨧᪨ 䠩. ਬ஬ ᪨  ORACLE
  㦨 ⠡  ⠡筮 ࠭⢮ (tablespace).

짮⥫       ᪨ ࠬ  , 
祬  䨧᪨ ⠪  ᪨   襥 ᮮ⭮  묨.
ਬ - ᪮ 롮ન   ⠡   ⮣,   ⠡-
 ࠭⢥ 室 ⠡      ⮩ ⠡.

    ணࠬ 䠩 ORACLE RDBMS

  ணࠬ த ORACLE Corporation   ਡ⨢
⥫,  筮  ⭮   ᪥.  "㪮⢥ 짮⥫
 ⠫樨"   樨  ⠫樨 ⥬ ORACLE, 
४樨, 㤠  ਡ⨢ 䠩  ᪮쪮  ॡ.

ਡ⨢ ⥫  ᮤন  ⢮ 䠩 ࠧ ⨯,  ⠪ 
ꥪ ⥪,  믮     䠩. 筮 ਡ⨢
 䠩 ORACLE ਭ DBA, ⥬ ணࠬ  .
᫨   ⠫   䨪  ணࠬ  ᯥ祭  ORACLE
⢥砥   DBA,    ࠢ  믮  ॡ
䠩  ਡ⨢ ⥫.

     砩  १㧪  饬 ਡ⨢ ⥫ 
࠭  饭 .  ᫨ ᪮  筠, ᫥  
䠩   襭    (筮    㦭).

      

      ORACLE ⮨      ᪮쪨  䠩  .
  䠩 ᮤঠ  ଠ .    ࠪ⨪ 䠩 :
    *    易    ⮫쪮   
    *   ᪮쪮 䠩  ᪮   
      뢠 ⠡ ࠭⢮
    *   䠩   ⨢ ⠡筮 ࠭⢠  
       ORACLE   㯭
    *    蠥, ᫨  䠩    
      ᪥ 뢭 ࠭⢮,     易⥫쭮 ॡ
    *  ᮧ 䠩    ࠧ

                                    -- 33 --




 䠩  .. -   䠩  ⠡筮 ࠭⢠  
SYSTEM.  筮 ࠭⢮     ᥡ ᪮쪮 䠩, 
䠩  ਭ ⮫쪮  ࠭.  쭥襩 ଠ樨 
⮬,  ⠡ ࠭⢠ ᯮ 䠩,    4.

    ⢨, ।ਭ DBA  ⮢  ⮦⢫ 䠩
  樮 ⥬;   ⠫쭮 ଠ樨   
"㪮 짮⥫  ⠫樨"  襩 樮 ⥬.  
 樮 ⥬     ⮫쪮   䠩,  ORACLE
⮬᪨  ।  ଠ.    樮
⥬  ,  ⢥⢥  ⠫ ,   ᮧ 䠩 
  ⠫樨.

    ⢮ 䠩  

    易⥫ ⮫쪮    䠩  .  쪨 ⥬  
⢥ 䠩  .  ⥫  䠩  ᮧ  
⮬    ⫨ ࠭祭.   䠩 襣 ࠧ
।⥫쭥  讣  ᫠ 쪨 䠩.

    ᨬ쭮 ᫮  䠩     ⠭  
MAXDATAFILES  (  易⥫쭮  ࠬ   CREATE DATABASE).
⠭ ࠬ MAXDATAFILES ⥫쭮   ࠧ ࠢ饣
䠩.  ᨬ   ॢ  ORACLE,  ࠢ 255, 
   ⭮ 樮 ⥬.

饥 ᨬ쭮 ⢮ 䠩   ⠭  ࠬ
DB_FILES 䠩 INIT.ORA.     ᯮ  ࠧ,  
ORACLE  뢠      ࠭    .  稢
祭 32.  ࠬ DB_FILES   ६ ᭨ , ⠭  
 MAXDATAFILES,     㢥稢.

    ᯮ짮 ࠬ஢  DB_FILES    MAXDATAFILES 易⥫쭮. ᫨ 
    㪠,  । ᨬ쮥  ORACLE ᫮ 255 䠩.

     ⠫묨  ﬨ    䠩    騬
⠡ ࠭⢠    16.

     䠩  

     䠩       (砫  ⠡筮  ࠭⢠ SYSTEM)
  ࠧ   500 ⮢ ⮡  ᮤঠ:
    * 砫 ᫮   (.  7)
    * 砫 ᥣ  ⪠ (rollback)

      ,  ᮧ  㬮砭  (.    13) 
ࠧ,      砫쭮  ᯮ짮 .  ᫥⢨ 
  䠩  ࠧ (.  16).

    ᫨   ⠫஢ 㣨 த ORACLE  (ਬ HELP), 
 ॡ   ⠡筮 ࠭⢥ SYSTEM.  ஢
⠪ ⠫権      ᮮ⢥騬 த⠬.

      䠩  




                                    -- 34 --



ORACLE RDBMS ᯮ  ࠡ  䠩    ଠ樨,
뢠  (  뢠 ࠭栬).    
ᮮ⢥ ࠧ  ORACLE (block size).   ⫨ 
⠭⭮ ࠧ, ਭ⮣  樮 ⥬.

  樮 ⥬,   ன  ࠡ⠥ ORACLE RDBMS, 
ࠧ㬥 ࠧ  ORACLE. 筮   ࠧ 2  4  .
ᨬ  ⮣,  訥     쪨, ࠧ  
. ⮡ 㧭 ࠧ  ORACLE   襩  樮 ⥬,
   "㪮 짮⥫  ⠫樨".

   ORACLE ⠭  ᮧ   易⥫
ࠬ஬ DB_BLOCK_SIZE  䠩  INIT.ORA.      
  ᮧ  . ᫨  ᯮ ࠧ , ⫨ 
ࠧ  樮 ⥬,    ⥭  樮
⥬.

ࠬ DB_BLOCK_SIZE । ⠪ ࠧ ஢   System Global Area
(SGA),   ⢮   ஢  । ࠬ DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS.  
ࠬ 祭 ᨫ쭮   ந⥫쭮 ⥬ ORACLE.

        ﭨ Online  Offline

 ࠭⢠     ६  ॢ  ﭨ offline
(㯭  RDBMS)  .   ࠧ,   䠩,  ਭ騥
⠡筮 ࠭, ६ ॢ  ﭨ online 
offline.  ᫨ 䠩 ਭ ⠡筮  ࠭,        
⤥쭮 ॢ  ﭨ offline.

     ⠡筮  ࠭⢮   ॢ  逸 offline, 
 ᪫祭ﬨ:
* 筮 ࠭⢮ SYSTEM (   室騥     䠩) 
   ᥣ  ﭨ online

*   ⠡筮 ࠭⢮,  ᮤঠ饥 ⨢ ᥣ rollback
  (ᯮ㥬 ⨢   ਮ⠭ ஬ ORACLE), 
  ⠢  ﭨ online.

 ॢ  ⠡ ࠭  ﭨ offline 室 ᯮ짮
 ALTER TABLESPACE (.  16).

     䠩  

     䠩    ६  㯭묨 ⥬ ॢ 
offline ᮮ⢥饣 ⠡筮 ࠭⢠.

     ⠡筮 ࠭⢠   㤠     
SQL -  DROP TABLESPACE (.    16).  ᫥ ᯥ譮 襭
⮣    㤠 ᮮ⢥騥 䠩  樮
⥬.

    ࠢ騥 䠩

 ࠧ  ⨨   ஢   ᪮쪮 ࠢ
䠩.  ࠢ騩 䠩 -  让  䠩, 筮 㥬
 ORACLE.DCF. ࠢ騩 䠩 易 ⮫쪮    .



                                    -- 35 --



    ࠢ騥 䠩  ᮧ   ᮧ  .  騩
ࠢ騩 䠩   ᥣ 㯥,  ⠪   ॡ  
 ORACLE    .

 ⭮襭  ࠢ饬 䠩  室 :
    * ᪮쪮 ࠢ 䠩  ন
    *   ன⢠  ࠧ.

    ঠ ࠢ 䠩

    ࠢ騥 䠩 ᮤঠ ଠ   ,  室 
㯠    ORACLE.   ᮤন ଠ ᫥ ⨯:
    * 䨧᪨  䠩   ୠ ୮ 믮
    * ६ ᮧ  
    *   

   樨  ६  ᮧ    ࠬ DB_NAME   
䠩  INIT.ORA,        CREATE DATABASE.

    ࠢ騥 䠩 ORACLE   ⮬᪨,      
।஢.   ⮬ ᭮,   䠩   
ࠡ  ,     㯭    ६, 
ࠡ⠥ .

    ⢮ ࠢ 䠩

⥫쭮 ४  ᪮쪮   ࠢ饣 䠩.
ᯮ  ᪮쪮 ࠢ 䠩  ࠧ ᪠,   ᭨ 
   ⪠ ன⢠.  ⥫ ⮪ ᪮쪨
ࠢ 䠩 ⮨  ⮬,    樨  (ਬ -
஫ 窨) ॡ  ࠢ 䠩,   - ᭨
ந⥫쭮 (⥫쭮).

㥬 䨣 -    ࠢ 䠩  ࠧ
᪠.

     ࠢ 䠩

     ࠢ 䠩 㪠뢠   䠩  INIT.ORA   ࠬ
CONTROL_FILES.   ࠬ  ᮤঠ ᯨ᮪    ᪮쪨
 ࠢ 䠩 ( 㬮砭 -  ).  祭 ⮣ ࠬ
 ,   ⠭.     䠩,
 ,  ⮭宦 䠩.

    楤    ORACLE 㤥 ᯮ  ন 
㪠 䠩,      ᮧ  .  ⮡  
ࠢ騩 䠩, 室 ᪮஢ ⥪騩 ࠢ騩 䠩   
⥬      ᯨ 祭 ६  CONTROL_FILES ( ⮬
   ⠭).

     ࠢ 䠩

     ࠢ騩  䠩 祭 .   ࠧ ।  ᭮ 
ࠬ  INIT.ORA: LOG_FILES  DB_FILES.

     ୠ ୮ 믮



                                    -- 36 --



    ORACLE ॡ ୠ ୮ 믮. ᭮
祭 ୠ -      砥 ⠫쭮 訡 ⥬ 
 ⥫.   ᮤন    ,   -
室 ,  ᫨  㤠     - 稭 (ணࠬ
 ⭠ 訡).   १  뢠 ⪠⮬
। ,  , ⠭.

    ୠ ॣ樨  ⮨     䠩 樮 ⥬,
譨  ⭮襭  .  室     ⠪ 䠩
맢 ⥬,     ६   ᥣ 㯥  , 㣮  
६ 娢. 窠,    ன ⥬ 稢    䠩 
稭   㣮, 뢠 " ୠ".

         ६   뢠
ଠ    ⨢ (online) 䠩 ୠ,  ⠪  짮⥫  ६
஢     .  ᫨  ORACLE RDBMS    -  稭 
   䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮,  ⠭  訡.

砭:  ୠ  ୮  믮  祭   ࠡ 
.  ⢨ ୠ   稭 室 ਢ 
 ।饬 ﭨ    १ࢭ    ᯮ .

     ୠ  ୮  믮    ᯮ짮   ०:
ARCHIVELOG  NOARCHIVELOG  ᨬ  ⮣,     
娢஢.  ,          ⮪஢,
⠪    ᯮ짮 online ୠ ⪠ 易⥫쭮. DBA 蠥, 㤥
  娢஢ (࠭)   䠩  ୠ,  ᯮ  ०
ARCHIVELOG  NOARCHIVELOG.

      ଠ樨  ୠ ୮ 믮

       ६ ଠ  ⮫쪮    䠩 ୠ 
ᨬ  ⢠ ஢ ORACLE, ࠡ  .  ⥪騩
⨢ 䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮 ଠ 뢠 䮭
 LGWR (.  9). ଠ  ਧ    SGA    ⥬   LGWR
᫥⥫쭮 뢠   䠩 ୠ.  ᨬ  ࠭
० ⨢ 䠩 ୠ 뢠   "㣮"  ਭ樯.  ᫨
⠭ ० ARCHIVELOG,  䠩 ୠ ,  室騥  ﭨ online,
ᯮ   .     䠩 ୠ    ᠭ
,    㤥 娢஢.  ᫨  ⠭ ० NOARCHIVELOG,  
᫥   ᫥  䠩 ୠ,  室饣  online,
ଠ 㤥 뢠  , ४뢠 .

    ঠ 䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮

    ᭮ ᮤঠ 䠩 ୠ   ,   室
    ⠭  .    ⪠ 
(rollback) ࠭   (.   4)  ᥣ rollback,  ⠪ 
饭 ୠ ୮ 믮.    ⨬ ⠬ 
ୠ ᮤন  ⨢  ଠ  ﭨ 䠩   
஬ ORACLE, ᠢ襬 ଠ   ᫥ ஫쭮 窥.

    ᫥⢨ ⮣,   䠩 ୠ ࠭ ଠ " ஢",
    ᮮ⭥ᥭ  ⢨ﬨ 짮⥫, ஢訬  
⮬     ।஢,   ᯮ짮 ਪ묨
ணࠬ (ਬ -  楫 ॢ).



                                    -- 37 --



     䠩 ୠ  "᫥⥫  ஬ ୠ",
ᯮ㥬  ⠭.

    롮 ०   ୠ

    ୠ ୮ 믮  ᯮ짮    ०. 
롨ࠥ    CREATE DATABASE     ४祭  
    SQL  -  ஬  ALTER DATABASE ( ⮩ ).

    NOARCHIVELOG   ० ᯮ ⮫쪮  ⠭ 
ORACLE (  ᡮ 㤮).   ⮬ ⠭ ⮫쪮 ᠬ
᫥  .  ९ ୠ  ࠭.

    ARCHIVELOG  ०    訡    ORACLE 頥   
ᡮ 㤮 ⠪     ࠭.  䠩 ୠ
୮ 믮 ।  ᯮ짮   娢஢
(筮  ).

    ᨬ   ࠭ ० ⮪஢     
  ॣ    ୠ.  ଠ   ⠭ 
ORACLE (ᠭ ⥬  ணࠬ 訡)   ୠ ᨬ
 ࠭ ०.

    ᫨  ।ᬮ ⥫ , 易  娢樥
 ୠ ୮ 믮 (⠪     ,  ॣ୮
஢  ࠭  ᥩ),  ⥫쭮 ,
⠪  㤥 ,  ࠧ ⠭   ᯮ祭 ᪠
  ࠭権   묨 ᨫﬨ.

  ᯮ짮 ୠ   ୮   믮    ० NOARCHIVELOG

NOARCHIVELOG -   ⮤ 쭮  楫⭮ .  頥 
ᡮ ⥬  ணࠬ  ᯥ祭,   ।頥    
  㤮.    ० NOARCHIVELOG ଠ 뢠 筮
⠪ ,    ० ARCHIVELOG,   ⤥ 娢 䠩  
뢠 ୮  ࠭  ᮤন  ० offline.

 ࠧ,    㯭 ⮫쪮 ᠬ ᫥  .
 ⮣ ᫥, :
    1. ୠ ॣ樨  .. ᯮ짮  ⠭ 
訡,  ந襤       online.  訡  ORACLE 
 ⠭  ⮫쪮    ᯮ㥬 䠩 ୠ.     ६
訡, 易  ⪠ 㤮,       ⠭,
⠪  ࠭     אַ ⪠.

    2. ᫨ ⠡筮 ࠭⢮ ⠫ 㯭  १ ன
訡,    㯭,  ࠭⢮  㤥 ⠭.
, ᫨  ⮬   த ࠡ,  ଠ, 室
 ⠭ ࠭⢠     ᯮ祭   ୮
ᯮ짮 ⮣ 䠩 ୠ.

    ᯮ짮 ୠ ୮ 믮  ० ARCHIVELOG

     ० ARCHIVELOG     娢, ⮬  
  ⠭    砥  㤮.      ०
NOARCHIVELOG ଠ 䠩 ॣ樨    ᯮ짮
 ⠭  ணࠬ 訡.  娢 ॡ ᯮ짮
䠩 ୠ  ० online  offline:

                                    -- 38 --



online ୠ  -   ⥪ 䠩 ୠ, ᮤঠ ᠬ 
                 ଠ  㯥 RDBMS  
offline ୠ -    ୠ  䠩,   娢
                 (筮  )

᫨  ० ARCHIVELOG  䠩 ,    ୮
ᯮ짮,   ᮤঠ  㤥 娢஢. ( ०
NOARCHIVELOG  ॡ 娢 䠩 ।   ᯮ짮).

⮡ ᯮ짮 ० ARCHIVELOG  ࠭  ⪠  㤮,
室 ⥫쭮 믮 ॣ 䨧᪨ ⪠ ,  ᯮ
⨫  樮  ⥬.     ஢   ⨢
 ( 짮⥫ ஢ ),  ⠪  ࠭樨, 믮
   ࠭  ୠ ୮ 믮.

 ⥫쭮 ଠ樥  ᯮ짮 ARCHIVELOG   .  15.

    䨣஢ 䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮

 䨣஢ 䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮 室 ਭ 
:
    * 쪮 ᥣ   ୠ  ॡ ?
    * 쪮 ॡ online 䠩 ?
    * 㤥   ᯮ짮 ० ARCHIVELOG ?
    * ᫨ - ,     ஢   訥  䠩  訥,
       ० ?
    * 쪮 䠩 ୠ   ᠭ  娢  ?
    *    ன⢠  ।    ୠ 䠩 ?
 ᮮࠦ ⠫쭮 㦤  15.

     䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮

     ୠ  易⥫쭮    ࠧ.   ꥬ
䠩  ୠ ୮ 믮 50 ⮢.   䠩 㪠뢠 
  樮  ⥬,     ORACLE.       ᭮
᫨  訫   INIT.ORA ࠬ LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL, ⠪  
㪠뢠   樮 ⥬,   ORACLE.


    ⢮ 䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮

室    䠩 ୠ. ⥫ 䠩  
 ⮬   ࠭祭:

    ᮫ ᨬ  䠩  ୠ    ⠭  
易⥫쭮  ࠬ    CREATE   DATABASE:  MAXLOGFILES.
⠭  ⮣  ࠬ    ࠧ ࠢ饣 䠩.
ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ⠪ 䠩   ORACLE - 255.

饥 ᨬ쭮 ᫮ 䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮 ⠭
 INIT.ORA ࠬ஬ LOG_FILES.   ࠭祭    
 ஬ ORACLE  ⠭ .    㬮砭  ਭ  16
䠩.   ࠬ LOG_FILES   ६  㬥  祭,
⠭   MAXLOGFILES,    ॢ .

    ᯮ짮 ࠬ஢ LOG_FILES  MAXLOGFILES    易⥫.
  砥    ⢨  ਭ ᨬ쭮 祭 ORACLE (255).


                                    -- 39 --



  ஫ 窨

 online ୠ ୮ 믮 , 믮 ⢨,
뢠 "஫쭠 窠". ஫쭠 窠 ࠡ⠥   ०
ARCHIVELOG, ⠪  NOARCHIVELOG. ᫥ 믮 ஫쭮 窨 
஢   뢠  ,  ⮡  㢥७,   
 ᠭ  . ஫ 窨    짮⥫ 
    ࠭樨,    ࠭,    ࠭ 
ୠ   㦭,  ⠪      ᠭ  .

஫ 窨      䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮
 ⠪  믮  १  । ࢠ ६  
 䠩 ୠ. ਮ᪮ ࠭     
 ஫ 祪 ᫥  楫:

* 㬥 ६ ⠭  ORACLE,  ᫨  ॡ
*  online 䠩 ୠ,   ⮢  娢樨   ୮ 

   ஡  ଠ樨  ஫ 窠    15.

         4                  

        "Contrariwise", continued Tweedledee, "if it might be; and if
         it were so, it would be; but as it isn't. That's logic"
                    Lewis Carrol: Through the Looking-Glass IV


     ⮩  ᮤন ଠ,   ஢
짮⥫ ORACLE  ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ,  ⠪   ஢ .
ᠭ  業    ᪨    ORACLE 
砥  ᥡ:
    * ⠡ ࠭⢠
    *  ⨯ ᥣ⮢:
      * ᥣ 
      *  ᥣ
      * ᥣ ⪠
      * ६ ᥣ
      * ᥣ ࢮ砫쭮 㧪
    * ࠬ,  ᯮ㥬   । ⮢ , 뢠
      ⥭⠬.

⢥ ଠ    ᫥ :
    *  5      ⠡ ORACLE
    *  14      ⠭  
    *  16    ࠢ 譥 

㭮 4-1   ᪨ , 㦤  ⮩
.             Ŀ
                                                                   
                                  DB_TEST                      
                   Ĵ
                                                         
                     TS_ONE                 SYSTEM    
                   Ĵ
   ,   EMP   DEPT   PRODUCTS  EMP_IND  ...     
                                                  
                   Ĵ
             DATA  DATA     DATA     INDEX   ...     

                                    -- 40 --



                   Ĵ
                                        
                                
                   
               㭮 4-1 ᪨ , ࠧ騥 

   ,  㪠뢠   CREATE DATABASE.

㦤 ᪨    㤥 த   5, 
뢠 ⠡, ,   .

     ࠭⢠

       ࠧ  ᪨ , 㥬 ⠡묨
࠭⢠.   ᮤঠ   ᪮쪮 ⠡ ࠭;
ࢨ筮 ⠡筮 ࠭⢮ 뢠 SYSTEM.  ⠡筮
࠭⢮ ᮮ⢥   ᪮쪨 䨧᪨ 䠩 .

       ᪨    ⥬  ORACLE,  ⠡筮 ࠭⢮
ᠥ ० ᥣ DBA.   ᯮ ⠡ ࠭⢠
:
    * ࠢ ।   ꥪ⮢  ,  ⠪  ⠡,
      ,  ६ ᥣ
    * ⠭    짮⥫ 
    * ࠢ  㯭    ⥬  ॢ ⤥ ⠡
      ࠭  ﭨ online  offline
    * ஢  ⠭ 
    * ।   ன⢠  襭  ந⥫쭮.

 ⠡筮 ࠭⢮   ࠧ㬥 ࠪ⨪ 
(ᠭ   ⮩ ),   ਬ   ⠡   ᮢ,
ᮧ    ⮬  ⠡筮 ࠭⢥.  ᮧ ⠡  
    ४ 㬠稢 ࠬ ,    㦭.

      䠩   ⠡묨 ࠭⢠

 ᪮  ⠡筮  ࠭   ᮮ⢥   
䨧᪨ 䠩  .  ਬ, ⥩  㤥  
⠡筮 ࠭⢮   䠩 .   㢥祭     
࠭    䠩  ᮧ ᮢ襭  ⠡筮
࠭⢮ ( 䠩).  ࠧ,      䠩  ᯥ稢
  ⠡筮 ࠭⢠.     ⠡ ࠭
 䠩 ᯮ  SQL (. ADD TABLESPACE  ALTER TABLESPACE).

    筮 ࠭⢮ SYSTEM

    筮 ࠭⢮ SYSTEM     .  ᮧ
⮬᪨  믮  CREATE DATABASE.    
ᮤঠ ⮫쪮  ⠡筮 ࠭⢮ SYSTEM. 筮  ࠭⢮
SYSTEM  ᥣ  ᮤন ᫮      ⮯ﬨ
ꥪ⮢  (짮⥫᪨ ⠡, , 㣨 ⠡ ࠭-
). 筮 ࠭⢮  SYSTEM    ᥣ  室  online.
⪠ ॢ   offline  㤠祩.     㣨
⠡ ࠭⢠,  SYSTEM   㢥祭     
䠩 .




                                    -- 41 --



᫨ ⠡筮 ࠭⢮ SYSTEM ⢥     ,  
 ࠧ,   祭:
    * ᫮ 
    *  ᥣ⮢ ⪠, 砫쭮 㧪  ६
    * online HELP (᫨  㦥)
    * ⠡,  室     㣨 ⠫㥬 த⮢ ORACLE
    *  ꥪ⮢, ᮧ 짮⥫

    ᯮ짮 ᪮쪨 ⠡ ࠭

     DBA  室,    ᯮ짮 ᪮쪨 ⠡ ࠭
(   SYSTEM)    ᯮ짮 .  ਬ,
 ᪮쪮 ⠡ ࠭,  ᬮ:

* । /뢮  ⠡  ࠭⢠ (䠩), 室 
  ॡ⥩ ਫ
* ⤥   ⠡  ᮢ, ᭨ ७  㯥  
* ਢ 奬 ।    ᮮ⢥⢨ 㦤 짮⥫ 
  ਫ
* 뢮  ⤥ ⠡ ࠭⢠  offline,  㣨  
  online
* १ࢨ஢ ࠧ ⠡ ࠭⢠   ࠧ ०
  ᯮ짮  (ਬ -  ᮪ ⮩ ,  㯮
  ⮫쪮  ⥭    ६  ࠡ ⥩)

    ਬ஬ ⠪ ⥫쭮        ६
⠡묨 ࠭⢠,  祬  ᮤন ⥫ ᥣ
⪠.   䨣  ॢ  offline ⠡筮 ࠭
,   ६  ⠢    ⠭  online.  ᫨ 
ᯮ ⮫쪮  ࠭⢮ SYSTEM,      
室     online,    offline.  㣨 ᫮,  ᫨  
⮫쪮  ⠡筮 ࠭ SYSTEM,  筮 ᯮ짮  
.

    ⢥⢨ 짮⥫  ⠡ ࠭

 ᮧ ꥪ⮢    ।  ⠡  ࠭⢠
짮⥫ ORACLE     ࠢ. DBA  ।⠢ 
짮⥫ ᫥騥 ࠢ:

* ।⠢ ਢ RESOURCE ( ᯮᮡ ᮧ  ࠭
  ꥪ)    ᪮쪨 ⠡ ࠭
*  㬠稢 ⠡筮 ࠭⢮ ( ⠡  㣨 ꥪ⮢)
*      ࠭⢠  (᪮쪮   짮⥫
   ᯮ짮  ⠡    㪠 ࠭⢥)
*   㬠稢  ६  ⠡筮  ࠭⢮ ( 
  ६ ᥣ⮢,   ᮧ ORACLE  짮⥫᪨ ᮢ).

 ᠭ SQL - ஢ GRANT  ALTER USER    17.

    ࠢ ⠡  ⠡ ࠭⢠

    ᫨    ਢ RESOURCE   ᪮쪨 ⠡ ࠭,
     ᮧ ⠡   㪠뢠,   ࠭⢥
 室   .
롨,  ⠡ ࠭⢠   ᮤঠ   , 
ᬮ:
* ,  ⠡  ᮢ⭮   ⤥ 䠩  (᫨

                                    -- 42 --



* 㬥 ⢮   ᪥ ⥬ ࠧᥭ   ⠡ 
  ᮢ  ࠧ ⠡ ࠭⢠
* 롨,     䨧᪮  ன⢥ ( ᮮ⢥饩 ᪮
  㯠)     ࠭
* ᯮ짮  ᥣ⮢ ᮢ     㬠稢 ࠬ 
  (ࠧ ⠡  ..)
* 㯯஢  ⠡   ᮪ ⨢  ⠪, ⮡  뫮
   믮 १ࢭ  ஢  ᮮ⢥-  䠩 樮
  ⥬
* 㯯஢  ⠡,  ⭮騥   ਫ,   ⥬, ⮡ 
    ࠡ   ஢
* ᭨ ⨢    ⥭/    ᪮쪨 ⠡

    筮 ࠭⢮  ᮤঠ ⢮ ⠡  ᮢ. 
    ࠭  ᪮쪮 ⠡ ࠭,  
  ࠭    ᪮쪮 䠩, ⠢ ⠡筮
࠭⢮.

㭮 4-2  뢠 ࠧ饭 ᪮쪨 ⠡  ᮢ  
࠭⢠.
     Ŀ
       -                                        
      SYSTEM  PAYROLL_TS   RESEARCH_TS   MISC_TS   
     Ĵ
                     Ŀ              Ŀ
                       ⠡                    
                         EMP     >        
                                                EMP_IND 
                     ٳ              ٳ
                     Ŀ                         
                       ⠡   Ŀ                    
                     ACC_TEST     vĿ            
                     ٳ                 
                     Ŀ ACC_NO_IND            
                                        
     Ŀ ACC_TEST_INDĿ           
             ٳ  ⠡              
        PROJ      > PROJ                 
                    ٳ           
     
㭮 4-2 ᯮ짮 ⠡ ࠭  ࠭ ⠡  ᮢ.

⥫ ᮢ   롮  ⠡  ࠭   ᮧ ⠡ 
ᮢ    16.

     ࠭⢠  ﭨ online  offline

直 ࠧ,   , DBA     SQL: ALTER  SPACE
ॢ  ⠡筮 ࠭⢮  online  offline.  ⢥
᪫祭 ⮨  ⮬,    ࠭⢮ SYSTEM ᥣ   
online.

  ॡ ॢ  ⠡筮  ࠭⢮   offline  
 ᫥ 稭:
*  ᭮, ⮡ ᤥ   㯭  ࠭ 㯠 
  ⠢襩 
*  믮 १ࢭ ஢ ⠡筮 ࠭⢠ (backup) (


                                    -- 43 --



      ᤥ      ॢ ࠭⢠  offline)
* ⮡  ᤥ  ਫ ( 易   ⠡) ६ 㯭묨, 
* ⮡   ᯮ짮 㯭  騩  ன⢠ 譥 

 ॢ  ⠡筮  ࠭⢠  online  offline 
   ࠡ  । ᯮ㥬묨 묨  ६  
 ன⢠.

 ᫮  ( ࠭⢥ SYSTEM) ⬥砥,  ॢ 
࠭⢮    online     offline.  ᫨ ⠡筮 ࠭⢮ 뫮 
ﭨ offline      ࠧ஢ ,  㤥  ⮬ 
ﭨ   ᫥饬 ஢.

     ࠭⢠  ﭨ offline

     ⠡筮 ࠭⢮ 室  offline,  䠩, 
⠢騥     ࠭⢥ 㯭.

    筮 ࠭⢮    ॢ  online ⮫쪮 ⮩ ,
ன  ॢ  offline, ⠪  室 ଠ  室
 ᫮  ⮩ .  筮 ࠭⢮  ﭨ offline 
     ।஢  㣮 ⨫⮩,   ORACLE.  
ࠧ, ⠡ ࠭⢠   ।    .  ।

   訡 ⠡筮 ࠭⢮  ⮬᪨
ॢ  ﭨ  offline  (ਬ, ᫨ ⥬  DBWR 
㬥    ᪮쪨 ⮪). 짮⥫, 騥 ࠡ
  ⠡栬  ⮣ ࠭⢠,   ᮮ饭   訡.  筮 
஡     ORACLE.

     , 室騬  offline

  ⠡  ᮢ ࠧᠭ  ࠧ ⠡ ࠭⢠,
   室   offline,   㤨,   
  ,  室騬  offline.   SQL, 騥 
offline ,   ਩,    ᬮ  訡
 ࠡ  ᨬ  ⮣,    室  offline   
 㯭 १ SGA.

     ,  ᫨ ⠡筮 ࠭⢮  offline,  ⠡  
 ,    ⭮    믮. ਬ,
䨪 , ॡ  ,  ਩.

   SQL -    믮, ᫨ ⨬ ,
  (室騩  offline)  ॡ. ਬ, ᫨ ⨬
।,   ᪠   ᬮ ⠡ ।⥫쭥
᪠  ,  믮 ᯥ譮.  ᥣ  ९ 
⠪, ⮡  ᯮ짮 .

 ,  ᫨ ⠡  offline,    - online     
ᯮ ⮫쪮 ஢ ⮫,  ⠪ .. ᯥ譮 믮.

㣨 ᫮,  ᫨ ⨬ 蠥,   믮  
筮,    믮  SQL.  ᫨  , 室騥 
offline  室,     ਩.

    ⠭ ⠡ ࠭, 室  offline.


                                    -- 44 --



 室   offline ⠡ ࠭  ஢ 楤
⠭.   ࠧ,       ࠧ襭  䠩  
⠢  ࠡᯮᮡ ⮣  㣨 䠩 ( 㣨 ⠡
࠭⢠)     㯭 (  ६  ࠧ襭 ࠭⢮
뢥  offline  ⠭).

    ਬ, ᫨     ଠ쭮 ࠡ  訡  ᪥,  
 ॢ ᮮ⢥饥  ⠡筮  ࠭⢮  offline, 믮
rollback  ⨢ ࠭権, 易  ⨬ ࠭⢮.  ⥬ 
 ⠭ १ࢭ  ⮣ ⠡筮 ࠭⢠ (⨬ -
 㣮 )  ᯮ짮 ⨫⮩ SQL*DBA  ⠭,  
襭 ॢ  ࠭⢮  online.

    쭮 ⠭    ⠪   ⠭ 
ORACLE,  ⠪  ⤥      㯭  ⮣ 
⠭  , :     饭 ,  
஢     ⮫쪮  㤥 ⠭ ࠭⢮ SYSTEM, 
 ⠭ ⠢襩  .

      䠩  ⠡筮 ࠭

         䠩    㢥祭  ⠡
࠭  ᮧ ,  ⮡    । 
 ਫ.    ⥫쭮 䠩  
饬 ⠡筮 ࠭ ᯮ  SQL -  ALTER TABLESP

     ᮧ   ⠡筮 ࠭⢠ ਬ  CREATE
TABLESPACE.  ⥫묨 ﬨ   ࠬ  
 16.

      ⥭

   ⠡ ࠭⢠    ࠭⢠
, 뢠 ᥣ⠬.   -      , ।
 ࠭  .     ⠡楩, ᮬ 
६묨 묨, 室묨  ࠡ RDBMS.   ᫥騬
᪨ ஢  ᫥ ⠡ ࠭.    
४뢠 ⠡筮  ࠭⢮,     ४뢠 䠩 
⠡筮 ࠭⢠.

     ॡ   ⨯ ⥭⮢:
    * ᥣ 
    *  ᥣ
    * ᥣ ⪠ (rollback)
    * ६ ᥣ
    * ᥣ ࢮ砫쭮 㧪.

   ᨬ  ⨯ ᮧ ࠧ묨 ᯮᮡ. 設⢮
짮⥫   ⮫쪮  ᥣ⠬   묨 ᥣ⠬.  

 , ⮫쪮 DBA ࠡ⠥  ᥣ⠬ ⪠, ६묨  ᥣ⮬
ࢮ砫쭮 㧪.  DBA ࠡ⠥  ᥣ⠬ ⪠ ,  ᯮ
SQL - , RDBMS  ⮬᪨ ᮧ ६ ᥣ   ᥣ
ࢮ砫쭮 㧪.   ᥣ  室     
⥭⮢.  砫  設⢮  ᥣ⮢    㪠 ࠧ
(⢮ ⥭⮢);᫥⢨  ᪨   (



                                    -- 45 --



⥭)   室.  騩 ࠧ 뢠 ࠬ ,
騥   ᥣ⮢.
     ⠫쭮 㦤     ⨯ ⥭⮢.


    ࠬ  ᥣ⮢

     ᥣ ।    ᪮쪨  ࠬ஢ . 
ࠬ  易    ⠡ ࠭⢮ (१ CREATE  TABLESPACE)
 । 㬠稢 祭 ।      ᥣ⮢,
ᮧ   ⠡筮 ࠭⢥.   ࠬ  ਬ
  ᥬ ⨯ ᥣ⮢,  ਬ 뢠 ⮫쪮 ᥣ  
ᮢ.  ࠬ  ᯮ  ࠢ ᮬ 祭
     ⠡ ().  ਬ   㪠, ᪮쪮 
⢥ ⠡ ࢮ砫쭮  㬬 ꥬ   ⠡.

    ࠬ  ࠦ  ନ ⥭⮢ . ⥭ - 
। ᫥⥫쭮 ࠭⢠ , ࠦ ⢮
⮢ .

    ਬ   ᮧ ⠡ ᮤন  ⮫쪮 砫 ⥭
㪠 ࠧ.  ᬮ  ,   ⠡  ᥭ   ப,
 ⢮ ⮢ (   ORACLE) १ࢨ஢  ⠡.

      ⠡ 묨  ,       砫
⥭.  ᫨    ॡ ⥫쭠 , ।
⥫ ⥭ ⠪   ⥯  ᥣ  㤥   
⥭⮢.   㭪 4-3   ⥭⮢ ⠡ EMP.

           ᮢ       ᮢ
 ⠡ EMP         ࢮ -     ண -
(ᯮ 㬠-    , ᮧ       , ᮧ 
稢 ࠬ     ⠡ EMP           ⠡ EMP
)                (ᯮ 㬠-   (ᯮ -
                       稢 ࠬ    祭 ࠬ
                       )               )
Ŀ     Ŀ    Ŀ
 INITAL EXTENT        INITAL EXTENT       INITAL EXTENT  
 10240 ⮢         10240 ⮢        10240 ⮢   
         
Ŀ     Ŀ    Ŀ
 NEXT EXTENT          NEXT EXTENT         NEXT EXTENT    
()=10240      ()=10240     ()=10240 
1.5=15360           1.5=15360          PCTINCREASE=0%  
PCTINCREASE=50%      PCTINCREASE=50%     
         Ŀ
                                              NEXT EXTENT    
Ŀ                           (ன)=10240 
 NEXT EXTENT                               PCTINCREASE=0%  
(ன)=15360                            
1.5=23040      
PCTINCREASE=50% 

㭮 4-3 ⥭ ⠡ EMP  (ᯮ  㬠稢 ࠬ)





                                    -- 46 --



ࠬ  ਬ  ᥬ ⨯ ᥣ⮢  ꥪ⮢, ᮧ  
⠡筮 ࠭⢥ ( ᭮ -  ⠡栬  ᠬ).   㪠
  INITIAL  NEXT  ਬ ᮪饭  ""    ""  -  
⮢   ⮢.   祭 ਢ  稭,  ⭮
楫   (DB_BLOCK_SIZE).  뢠 ᯮ㥬 ࠬ .

INITIAL -  ࠧ   ࢮ ⥭,  ।塞  ᮧ
            ⠡,   - 砫쭮 祭 , 㯭  
            ⠡.   㬮砭 砫 ࠧ ⥭ 10240 ⮢.

NEXT        ࠧ   ᫥饣 ⥭.   祭,
            ஥   㤥 㢥祭  業, 㪠 
            PCTINCREASE.  㬮砭 10240 ⮢.

MAXEXTENTS  饥 ⢮ ⥭⮢,   ,    
            ।.   㬮砭 99 ⥭⮢.  ᮫ ᨬ
              ᨬ  樮 ⥬.

MINEXTENTS 饥 ⢮ ⥭⮢,    । 
            ᮧ ᥣ.   ।   ᮧ
             ,   ᫨   ᯫ譮 ⪠. 
            㬮砭 - 1 ⥭.

            ᫨ MINEXTENTS  1,  ⮣ 㪠 ᫮ - ⥭⮢
            ।      믮 CREATE  ᯮ짮
            祭,  㪠  INITIAL, NEXT  PCTINCREASE.

              ॡ 㢥 祭 MINEXTENT  ᮧ
            ᥣ ⪠  ᫨  ࠣ஢     
            ࠭஢,    㧪   ⠡ 㤥
            筮.

PCTINCREASE 業,   㤥 㢥稢  ᫥- 騩 ⥭
             ࠢ  ।騬. ᫨ 祭 PCTINCREASE ࠢ 0,
             ᫥騩 ⥫ ⥭ 㤥  ﭭ
            ࠧ.  ,  ᫨ PCTINCREASE  ⥫쭮 祭,
            ࠧ -  ᫥饣 ⥭ 㢥稢  PCTINCREASE.
             ࠬ     ⥫.

              १ PCTINCREASE,  㬭  ࠧ ᫥
            ⥭,  㣫   襩  襩 稭, ⭮
            ࠧ . 砭 - 50.

            砭:  ⠩  PCTINCREASE    PCTFREE   PCTUSED,
                       㦤묨   5.

     ࠬ      ?

    ࠬ ,  騥  । ᥣ 
।  ᪮쪨 ஢.  ࠬ   । ᫥騬
ࠧ, 稭 c ⭮   饬:

*   ALTER  (    ꥪ⮢ - TABLE,  INDEX, CLUSTER 
  ROLLBACK SEGMENT)
*   CREATE (   ꥪ⮢)
*   ALTER TABLESPACE
*   CREATE TABLESPACE


                                    -- 47 --



 ࠧ,   ࠬ ,  㪠    ஢ ꥪ,
४뢠 ᮮ⢥騩 ࠬ, 㪠  ஢ ⠡筮
࠭⢠.  ᫨ ࠬ ,     ⢮   ⥭,
  ।.  ᫨ ࠬ    ।  
஢, 㤥 ⢮ 㬮砭 ORACLE.
ਬ     ࠬ஢   CREATE TABLE  ALTER
TABLE    16.

     । ⥭ ?

 ᥣ ᮤন    ࠢ ᥣ⮬ (segment control block),
 뢠 ࠪ⨪ ⮣ ᥣ,  ⠪  ᮤন ࠢ筨
⥭⮢  ᥣ.  ଠ ᮤন  ᫮  
 DBA_EXTENTS,   뢠   ⥭   ᨬ 
ਭ ⠡筮 ࠭. (  뢠 ᢮
  ᯮ  ᪠  ⥭⮢).

     ORACLE  RDBMS 室 । ᫥騩 ⥭  ᥣ,
 ᬠਢ "᢮ "    ⠡筮 ࠭⢥  ।
 ᯫ譮 ⮪  ॡ㥬 ࠧ.  ᥣ  ᫮
 ⥬ , ⮡  ⬥   ⥭  㬥襭

     ᢮ ⥭ ?

    ⥭             ᢮,     ᢮
ᮮ⢥騩 ᥣ.  ⠡ ,  ।묨  
ਭ騥   .   ப     -
騩  ,  ᫨ ⠬  筮 .  ᫨ 㤠  ப
⠡,    ᢮  쭥襣 ᯮ짮 
⠡筮 ࠭⢥.

    ᫨  㤠  ⠡ (drop table),  ᥣ   
᢮   ⠡筮 ࠭⢠,   ⥭ ⠭
㯭 㣨 ꥪ⠬ ⮣ ࠭⢠.

    筮  ᭮ ᥣ     । ⥭⮢
  ।묨   .   ⬥,  
 ᢮   ᯮ짮    ⠡筮 ࠭⢥.

 ⮫쪮  १ ⬥ ᥣ ᢮ ⥭, 
᫮ .

       .

 묨  짮⥫  ᥣ   ᮢ.
    ᥣ       ᮤন    ⠡ (
                       ).  () ᥣ  ⮫쪮 
                       ᥣ .

    ᥣ ᮢ    ᮤন     
                       ⠡ ( ).   ⠡   ,
                       ᪮쪮     ᥣ⮢  
                       ᨬ  ⮣, ᪮쪮   ᮢ. 
                          ࠩ-     ᥣ -
                        -  , ᮧ   - .

     .  4-3 ,   ⠡ EMP  易    
ᯮ    ࠧ  ᥣ    ⠡ ࠭⢠.

                                    -- 48 --



    ᫨    ਢ RESOURCE   ᪮쪨 ⠡ ࠭,
   ᮧ   ࠭⢥, ⫨筮  ⮣,  ஬ ᮧ
⠡.  ࠧ  ࠢ ᮧ ᮢ  ஢.

     ⪠ (rollback)

       ᮤন      ᪮쪮 ᥣ⮢ ⪠.  
⪠ -   ,  㤠 뢠 ⢨,  室
믮  । ⥫⢠.  ⪠ ᯮ 
ᯥ祭:
    * ⬥ ࠭樨
    * ᮣᮢ ⥭
    * ⠭

 ⪠ ᮤন ᮮ⢥騥   ࠭権  
ORACLE,  (࠭樨)   易   ⠡ ࠭⢮
.

 ORACLE   ⮢,      㯠    
ᥣ ⪠. ᫨ ᪮쪮 ஢ ࠧ  ,   
 ᮮ⢥騩  ᥣ⮢ ⪠.

     ⪠  ᪫祭 SYSTEM      ࠧ 
ࠬ ORACLE.

DBA ᯮ SQL -   ᮧ, ⬥  㢥祭 ࠧ஢
ᥣ⮢ ⪠:
    CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT .......
    ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT ......
    DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT ......
 樨 ᠭ   16.

     ⪠ SYSTEM

    砫 ᥣ ⪠, 뢠 SYSTEM, ᮧ   ᮧ
.  砫  ᥣ  ᮧ    ⠡筮 ࠭⢥ SYSTEM  
ᯮ짮 㬠稢 ࠬ஢  ⮣ ࠭⢠.  ࠧ
祭      DBA ⥫ 㢥 ࠧ ᥣ
⪠    ᥣ  ᮮ⢥⢨   ⢮
짮⥫  ࠭権.

 ORACLE 頥  ᥣ ⪠ SYSTEM   ᥣ⮢,
 ਭ. , RDBMS ᯮ ᥣ SYSTEM ⮫쪮  
⥬ ࠭権  । 짮⥫᪨ ࠭樨 ⮫쪮  㣨
ᥣ ⪠.

    ᪮쪮 ᥣ⮢ ⪠

 楫 㢥祭 ந⥫쭮 ᪮쪮 ᥣ⮢ ⪠
।⥫쭥 .  ᪮쪮 ᥣ⮢  室   砥, :
    *   ᪮쪮 ⠡ ࠭
    * ᪮쪮  ஢  ORACLE       ० ࠧ
      ᪠
    *   ६  ᪮쪮 짮⥫

    ᫨   ᪮쪮 ⠡ ࠭,      
ᥣ ⪠,   ࠭⢮  㦤  ⤥쭮 ᥣ
⪠.  ਬ,  ᫨      ⠡ ࠭⢠,    ࠭⢮

                                    -- 49 --



SYSTEM  ᮤঠ  ᮡ⢥ ᥣ ⪠,  ⠪   騩  ᥣ 
 R_SEG1,   ६  ⮫쪮    ⠢ ࠭ 㤥
ᮤঠ R_SEG2.

᫨  ࠡ⠥  ० ࠧ ᪠,       
㦤  ᮡ⢥ ᥣ ⪠.  ⥫ ⠫ .   15
 21.

    ঠ ᥣ ⪠

     ⪠ ⮨  ᪮쪨 ⮢ ⪠.  㣮
ଠ樨  ⪠ 砥    ᥡ  䨪 ࠭樨 (ID),
ଠ   ᠭ   믮 ࠭樨. 쭮 ⠬
ᮤন ଠ   ⭮  ࠭樨.   ⪠  
⤥ ࠭権 易 १ 䨪 ࠭樨,  ⠪  
室 ⪠      .

     ⪠     ⠭   짮⥫ﬨ 
 DBA.     ᪫⥫쭮 RDBMS.

     ⪠ ॠ쭮 뢠 .   ࠧ    
ᥣ ⪠,   ⥬ (⠪   ⮦  ) 뢠 
ୠ ୮ 믮.   ࠧ,  ᥣ⮢ ⪠ 饭
ୠ   .  ࠭,  ⪠  ⨢ ᥣ⮢ 
  믮   ᫨  ᥣ ⪠   ᠭ  .

   㣨 ᥣ,  ᥣ ⪠ ⮨  㯯 , 뢠
⥭⠬.   ⫨稥  ⥭⮢    ᮢ ⥭  ᥣ
⪠ ᮤঠ ⭮⥫쭮 ६ ଠ.   ࠪ⮢
ᥣ ⪠   " ⥭⮢"  ᯮ짮  ୮  㣮
ਭ樯.

⥭ ᥣ ⪠ ᢮  ⠭ 㯭묨  ⠡筮
࠭⢥ ⮫쪮 ᫥ ⬥ (drop) ᥣ.

     । ᥣ ⨢ ࠭

     ᥣ ⪠  ࠡ । ⢮ ࠭権
      ORACLE.       ⢮ ਡ   
㭪樥  ࠧ   ORACLE.  RDBMS । ⨢ ࠭樨 
㯭 ᥣ⠬,  ⠪  祬   ᥣ⮢ ⪠, ⥬
 ଠ樨 㤥  .

 쭥襣 ᬮ७ ।,       ࠭樨 1, 2
 3  ⠪  ᥣ ⪠   ।묨 ⥭⠬ 1  2.

     ࠭樨 ᫥⥫쭮 뢠     ᥣ, 祬 
  ࠭  ଠ ⮫쪮   ⥭. ⨬
࠭樨 1,  2  3  ᥩ   ⥭ 2.

     ࠭ ௠   ⥪饬 ⥭  ॡ  
㣮, RDBMS   㯭   ⥭.  RDBMS   
୮  ᯮ짮 㦥 । ⥭,   .

    ᫨  ᫥饬 ⥭ ᥣ ⪠   ⨢  ⮢ ⪠,
㦥 ।  , RDBMS 㤥 ᯮ짮  ⥭.



                                    -- 50 --



    ଠ  ⥭ 뢠 ⨢,  ᫨ ⭮  ࠭,
  ⨢,  믮 commit   믮 ⪠.

    RDBMS ᥣ  㤥   ୮ ᯮ짮 ᫥騩 ⥭
横᪨.   ᫨  ⥭  ᮤন ⨢ ,  RDBMS
㤥 ।  ⥭   㤥 ⨣ ⢮ ⥭⮢,
 MAXEXTENTS.

    ⥫쭮, ᫨ ࠭樨  1  ॡ  ⥫쭮 ࠭⢮
 ⮢ ⪠,   㤥 ୮ ᯮ짮 ⥭ 1 (᫨  
 ⨢ ⮢),   । ⥭ 3.

     ॡ ଠ ⪠

     ᥣ ⪠ ন ⠡    ⨢   騩
 ࠭権     ,  믮 ⮩ ࠭樥.

     ⪠ 뢠 , ।騥   
࠭権.      ࠭樨    뢠 
।騬. ᫨ ࠭ 㦤  ⪠,  楯窮 ਬ
    ⠪ 浪, ⮡  ⠭  ० .

    筮,  ORACLE ॡ 믮 ᭨  ⨢稢
⥭,    ᯮ  ᥣ  ⪠   ᮧ  ᨩ 
ᮢ  .  (  12 㦤 ᮣᮢ ⥭).

 ⨯ ⪠⮢ ᯮ  楤:
    * ⪠    ஢  ஢ (   ஢  訡
      믮 )
    * ⪠  窥 ࠭
    * ⪠ ࠭樨   짮⥫
    * ⪠ ࠭樨  ਩ 襭 
    * ⪠   ࠡ⪨ ࠭権  ਩ 襭
       ORACLE.
  11 㦤 , 易  믮 ⪠.

     ᥣ⮢ ⪠

᫨  ⥬ ࠡ ⮫쪮 ⪨  ࠭樨, ᥣ ⪠ ..
,  ⠪  ᥣ   ᭮ .  ᭮ ⮪
 ᥣ⮢ ⮨    ⮬,  㢥稢 ⭮
 訡 " ᭨  ᫨誮 "  ࠡ  
ᮢ,  ࠡ뢠 ,   ࠫ쭮  㣨
࠭ﬨ.  訡  - ⮣,   ⪠, 室
 ᮣᮢ  ⥭ ४뢠,   㣨  横᪨
뢠  ᥣ ⪠.

   ORACLE ᥣ ⪠   ਬ୮ 
ࠧ;   祭 㤮  ᪮쪮     ᪮쪮 쪨
ᥣ⮢ ⠪  RDBMS । ࠭樨 ࠢ୮ ᨬ 
ࠧ஢ ᥣ⮢.

     ,  ᥣ⮢ ⪠  ⠭  祭
MAXEXTENTS.

      騥 ᥣ ⪠



                                    -- 51 --



     ⪠    ,   騬.  ⢮
ᥣ⮢  ⨯  ⢮      ,
뢠騥 ,        ᥣ ⪠.

    ᫨    㤥 ஢   SHARED  (ࠧ塞) ( 
饬 砥 ୮   ⥬, ஬ VAX),  ᮧ 騩 ᥣ
⪠ (PUBLIC)  ஢ ,      (PRIVATE)
ᥣ.

     ⥬,  ࠧ  ,     ᮧ 
ᥣ⮢ ⪠.     ᥣ ᪠뢠     21.

⮡   ᯮ짮  ᥣ  ⪠,  DBA    ᯥࢠ ᮧ,
  ORACLE      ॡ.  騥  
ᬮ ᯮ짮  ᮧ ᥣ ⪠  ⠭  ୮
.

    ᫥ । ⢠ ॡ㥬 ᥣ⮢
⠥   .  ࢠ  墠뢠     ᥣ,
㪠        INIT.ORA    ࠬ஬ ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS  ⥬,  ᫨
ॡ,  ⢮  ᥣ⮢,   ᯮ
㣨 ࠬ.

    騥 ᥣ ⪠

騩 ᥣ ⪠ -  ᥣ,  饤㯭   ORACLE,
饬  . DBA  ᮧ   騥 ᥣ   
易⥫쭮 ࠬ PUBLIC  CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT.

᫨  ORACLE, 㦤騩  ᥣ ⪠, 㦥 ᯮ짮 
ᥣ,    㤥 ᪨ 騩 ᥣ.  ᫨ 騩 ᥣ 墠祭
஬ ORACLE,      ⠭      㣮
    . ᫥ ⠭  騩  ᥣ
᢮   ⠭ 㯭.

    塞    ⮫쪮 騥 ᥣ     ⢮
  筮    饣 ,  
⮢  室  ⢮  ᥣ⮢ ⪠.

     ᥣ ⪠

 ᥣ     㤮⢮७  ॡ, ⠪
ਬ  ᥣ,       ᮡ 訬  쪨 
 ᯮ   ⤥ ᪠.    ᥣ ⪠ ᮧ 
祢 ᫮ PUBLIC    ᯮ,   ᫨          ࠬ
ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS 䠩 INIT.ORA.

    ᫨ ᥣ  ⪠  ᮧ   祢 ᫮ PUBLIC,   㪠 
䠩 INIT.ORA  -  ,  ᥣ   㤥 ⢮.

    ᫨   ⠥  ᥣ⮬ ⪠, 㪠   
䠩 INIT.ORA,  㣮, 㦥 ࠡ騩  㦥   ,  
 ६ ᪠  ᮮ饭  訡.

    ᢥ ᥣ ⪠




                                    -- 52 --



     ⠡筮  ࠭⢮ ॢ  offline,  ⠪  ࠭樨 
 ⪠ , 뢠 ᢥ ᥣ ⪠.  
ᮤন   ⪠,      ਬ  ⠡筮
࠭,  ⠪ ⮡ ਬ  ᫥ ⭮ 室 ࠭⢠ 
online.   ᥣ 祧,  ⠡ ࠭⢠ ⠭.

    ᢥ ᥣ ⪠ ᮧ ⮬᪨  ⠡筮 ࠭⢥
SYSTEM. ଠ ᢥ ᥣ ⪠ 祭 筮 ᥣ 
᪫祭 ⮣,    ᮤন   ⪠ ⮫쪮    ।
⠡筮 ࠭⢠ (  ࠭権  ஢),    ६ 
⠭  ᥣ ᮤঠ ⮫쪮    ⪠   㪠
 (  ࠭権  ⠡ ࠭).

    ⮡ ᬮ 騥 ᢥ ᥣ ⪠,  
DBA_SEGMENTS ᫮    SEGMENT_TYPE ࠢ DEFFERED ROLLBACK.

    ६ ᥣ

     ࠡ⪥ ᮢ ⥬ ORACLE 筮 뢠 室 ६
   ஬ ⠤ ࠡ⪨ ஢.   뢠
६묨 ᥣ⠬.  筮  ६ ᥣ  ॡ    ࠡ
   ஢.    ᮧ, ᫨ ஢  
믮  ⨢     ORACLE RDBMS  㣮 
஢, ᯮ .

    樨, 㦤騥  ६ ᥣ

騥 SQL -   㦤  ᯮ짮 ६ ᥣ⮢:
    * CREATE INDEX
    * SELECT ... ORDER BY
    * SELECT DISTINCT ...
    * SELECT ... GROUP BY
    * SELECT ... UNION
    * SELECT ... INTERSECT
    * SELECT ... MINUS
    * ஢ ꥤ
    *  ५஢ 
ਬ, ᫨  ᮤন ࠧ  DISTINCT,  GROUP  BY   ORDER BY,
ॡ    ६ ᥣ⮢.

     । ६ ᥣ

    ६ ᥣ ।  ६ ᥠ 짮  
室.  ਬ,  ᫨  짮⥫ ࠫ쭮 ࠡ 
, ॡ騥 ६ ᥣ⮢,   ।. ६
ᥣ  ⬥  ᫥ 襭 ࠡ⪨ .

    ६ ᥣ ।   ⠡筮  ࠭⢥, 㪠
  १ ALTER USER,    SYSTEM,  ᫨ 祣  㪠. ࠪ⨪
 ।    ⥬,  ᯮ 㬮砭  SYSTEM  㣨
⠡ ࠭.

       ।   ⬥ ६ ᥣ⮢ ந ,
  ᮧ ᯥ樠쭮 ⠡筮 ࠭⢮  ६ ᥣ⮢.
 ,  ᬮ । /뢮  ᪮ ன⢠ 
  ࠣ樨  ⠡ ࠭.



                                    -- 53 --



    ୠ ॣ樨      ᮤন ⮢  ॣ樨
  ६ ᥣ.

     ࢮ砫쭮 㧪

 ࢮ砫쭮  㧪 ᮧ  ⠡筮 ࠭⢥ SYSTEM 
 ᮧ .    ᮤন  ।  ⠡ ᫮,
㦠  ⨨ .  ࢮ砫쭮 㧪  ॡ
 ⢨  ஭ DBA.

 ᥣ  让 (筮  50  ).    ᥣ
   (㯭  짮⥫),     
ࠧ.  DBA  㢨  ᥣ   ⥬ 뤠  
DBA_SEGMENTS,   SEGMENT_TYPE ࠢ CACHE.













































                                    -- 54 --
