


                   2                                       


          3

                        ᭮ ࠡ⪠

  ⮩    㦤  ᭮  ७  ࠡ⪠ SQL*Forms  (
).   ⭮  ᮤন ᫥騥 ࠧ:
     * ࠢ;
     * ஢ઠ;
     * 墠 ᥩ;
     * ᥭ ;
     * ࠡ⪠ ᮢ;
     * ࠡ⪠ 㭪樮 ;
     * ன 

⠩    ⢠   ࠡ⪮    SQL*Forms (  ).
    ᯥ䨪ࠡ⪨  㦭   ᬮ
ᮮ⢥騥   ࠧ      21, "ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩".   ࠧ
⥪饩  뢠 ⠪,      ᮮ⢥騩  ࠧ,  
   ᬮ    ⠫ﬨ.

   ᬠਢ 믮 ਣ஢.
⢥ ⥬:  "ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩"     21-1
                    "믮 ਣ஢"


         ࠢ

    SQL*Forms ( ),  ࠢ  ᭮ ਬ 
६饭    樨   .  , SQL*Forms  ⠪
믮  ࠢ   ६ ᮡ⨩,    ।
(ਬ,    믮 ).

    楯樨  ࠢ  -  ࠢ騩   .
⢥ ⥬:  ࠢ,   ।⠢      㦥 D-5


         ࠢ騩 

      ६   ᥠ   SQL*Forms   (   ),   SQL*Forms
        ७   쥪⮬,    뢠 㯠ࢫ騬
㫥.  ࠢ騩  ᥣ ।  ⭮襭   ,  ,
,  ଥ   "室  ".  ࠢ騩  । 
 窠   ᫥饩 娨 쥪 ஢:
     * 室  
     * ஢ 
     * ஢ 
     * ஢ 
     * ஢ 

     ࠢ  室  蠣 ᬥ ࠢ饣   ᮮ⢥⢨
 娥 쥪⮢   ,    㤥 ⨣  
ࠢ騩 .  SQL*Forms  ࠢ騩  ⮫쪮   蠣  
孥     .



                                    -- 32 --



⮡  ""       ᬥ ࠢ騩   ࠢ饬
㫥  ᮪ ஢     .

⮡  ""      ᬥ   ࠢ騩   
 ᮪ ஢.


         

    ६  ᥠ  SQL*Forms   (   )   ,   SQL*Forms
      쥪⮬   ᮡ  ,   뢠 ஬.
SQL*Forms ।   ⭮襭   ,   
।.

 
                 ,  믮      ,
                ⢫  室    .

易  
                易  ,     ६ ࠡ 
               ମ.

।
                ।,   ।    ⭮襭  
               ,  ஥  㤠     .     ந室,
               SQL*Forms   ⮬᪨  ७砥     
               饥 .

    ⫨稥    ࠢ饣  ,       易 㣨
쥪⮬,  ஬ .     ࠧ   ࠢ騬  ﬨ
 ஬ ⠪  ࠢ  ந  . ࠢ,
ᨬ     室   ⠪       ࠡ뢠
ᮡ,    ந室    ஢  ,    ॡ
SQL*Forms    ࠢ  ᮡ묨 ࠢ騬 ﬨ. ਬ,
믮 ᮢ 믮     ⮬  ॡ   SQL*Forms
ࠢ  㫥 ।  ࠡ⪮  .     SQL*Forms
믮   ,    뢠  ࠢ騩 ,    ६頥
.

ࠢ,  ஥ ᯮ   ॡ  ६饭  
⥪饩  室 樨  ॡ㥬 .

室                  砫 ᮡ  ਨ
                ᮡ⨩.   ⠪   뢠   ⥪饩
                樥 .   室      -
                      砫쭠 窠  ࠢ塞 ᮡ⨨.

ॡ㥬               ,  㤠  ⥪饥 ᮡ⨥ ⠭-
                .  - 筠 窠 ࠢ-
                ᮡ.

     ᥣ   ।     ⭮襭 
,  砥     ,     .
  砥     ᠭ      ,   SQL*Forms   ᯮ
ࠢ   ।,     砥 㫥, 
⮣, ⮡ ⠭ 㤠 . ਬ, ᫨ ॡ㥬 



                                    -- 33 --



ࠢ塞 ᮡ  ,   SQL*Forms ⠭  
ࢮ   ⮩ ,  ஥   .   ⨬,   ,  ᫨
砥   ।  , SQL*Forms 室  .

  ०,  祬 SQL*Forms ᬮ ⠭    ॡ㥬 ,  
     ⥪騬 ࠢ騬 㫥.  ०,  祬 SQL*Forms
ᬮ ⠭     , " "   ⥪騬
ࠢ騬 ᮡ⨥.

  .  3.1    ਬ ࠢ塞 ᮡ.   
 [Next  Record](᫥  )     record1.field1, SQL*Forms
  ࠢ騩     record1.field1    record1   block1   
record2    record2.field1.        ࠢ騬    㫥 ⠭
record2.field1,     SQL*Forms    ⠭           record2.field1.

. 3-1
ਬ ࠢ塞 .
          ࠢ塞 :    ----->
          砫쭠  :    record1.field1
          ॡ㥬  :    record2.field1

 
------------------
                           ᭠㦨
                            /   \
஢                     / \
------------------
                    form1        form2
                       .         /   \
஢           .        /     \
------------------
                             _ block1
                                                 block2

                              /|
                                   \

஢ 
                               /
                                        _\|

------------------
                         _ record1
                                          record2----------

                         /|
                              \
                                        \
                                                            \

஢ 
                       / \ _\| \ ------------------record1.field1
record1.field2 record2.field1 record2.field2

  ࠢ塞  ,    ᯮ  ࠢ騩   । 
 室  ॡ㥬 . , 訡 ࠡ⪨  (⠪  
訡  ਣ    訡 ࠬ쭮 ᠭ)   SQL*Forms


                                    -- 34 --



,  ⫨  ।.  ᫨  蠣 ࠢ塞  
  믮, SQL*Forms  ࠢ饥 ன⢮  ⠥
⠭    ࠢ饬 ன⢥.

 ࠡ⪨  訡 ࠢ    ᠭ    ᮮ⢥饬 ࠧ
 21 "ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩".

砭:           ࠢ塞   ⥬ 祭
  ࠢ    ਣ,    ࠡ뢠   ࠢ饬 ᮡ⨨.
    饭 楤ன 㯠.

⢥ ⥬:      ஢ <ࠢ饥   ன⢮>
                     樮஢   21-103


,  ᮤp p

   ᮡ SQL*Forms ( ) ᮤঠ   ࠢ (⠪ 
ᮡ NEXT_FIELD  PREVIOUS_BLOCK).     ࠢ饥 ᮡ⨥ 
। ࠢ塞   , 易      .      
    ࠧ, 뢠饬 ᮡ,  ⮡ । 
ᮡ⨥    .

砭:      䥪  ࠡ⪨    ६  ᮡ  
              ࠢ塞 .
⢥ ⥬:    -奬 ᮡ⨩


         訡 ࠢ

᫨ ந室  訡    ࠡ⪥  ࠢ    ६ ⪨ ன
ࠢ塞 , SQL*Forms ⠥ ਩  ⨢稢  ﭨ.
䨪  訡  ࠢ ᠭ    ᮮ⢥饬  ࠧ     21
"ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩".

ᬮਬ ਬ 訡 ࠢ.  室   record1.field1,
      [Next Field], ⮡   ६       
    record1.field2.  ।।   ࠢ塞     砥
६饭 ࠢ饣   record1,    ⥬    record1.field2.
।,    ,      Pre-Field-ਣ       record1.field2
訡    ६  ࠡ⪨  ࠢ.   訡 ਣ 뢠 訡
 ᮡ⨨ 室  ,   맮 ࠡ 訡 ࠢ.  
ࠡ⪠  ୥  ⭮  record1   ⥬  record1.field1.

SQL*Forms    ६頥     ,    㤥 祭 
   ࠢ饬 㫥.   ⮬ ਬ    
।  ⠪  砫쭠     ᠬ,   ॡ㥬
 .
⢥ ⥬:    -奬 ᮡ


         騥 쥪

          ⥪饥  .   
।  ⥪騩 쥪. ।,     ᮤন
⥪騩 ,    ,   ஬ 室 .



                                    -- 35 --



     ⢮ ⮫쪮  ⥪騩    ଥ   
  ६  (   ⮬  ⥪     ),
SQL*Forms ࠭  -    -   㤥 ⥪饩,  ᫨
  ⥪騩   ⠭ ⥪騬.

       ⥪饣  ।  , 㤠 㤥
 ६  ,  ᫨  㯠ࢫ ஬  㤥  ।
.   ,   ன  ,     ⥪騬 ᫥
ࠧ.  ᫨    ⥪騬  ६  ᥠ ࠡ  SQL*Forms,
 ⥪  ।  ࢠ        , 㯭
  .  饥    ।  ࢮ , 㯭   
⮩ .

          ࠢ 

   ࠢ  ,     SQL*Forms    頥   쥪⠬ 
६ ᮡ ஢ન.   ⮣    ६ ᮡ ஢ન (஢ઠ
,  ஢ઠ   ஢ઠ ),  SQL*Forms  頥
(  ᬠਢ)   쥪,  室騩   ஢塞 쥪 
ந ࠡ .

ਬ,        ६    ஢ન    ,    SQL*Forms ᬠਢ
    ६  ஢ ஢  .


         ஢ઠ

  ஢ઠ   -  ,     ।,      
  ࠢ묨.      ஢,  ⮡   ᮮ⢥⢮
ॡ   ਪ ணࠬ, ⮡     ਪ
ணࠬ  .

   ॡ      ஢ન  ⨯     ஢ન,
⮡      ᮮ⢥⢮   । ଠ
᪨.   ஢ન -      쥪   SQL*Forms  ࠢ
    -  । 쭥 ࠡ SQL*Forms.

SQL*Forms   楤 ஢ન -      ᫥
쥪⮢:
     * 
     * 
     * 
     * ଠ

  ஢ઠ    ⮨  ⠭ ஢ப ࠢ쭮 (⠪   
஢ઠ   ஢ઠ  䨪஢ )  ࠡ뢠 
Post-Change-ਣ (ਣ ᫥ )  On-Validate- Field-ਣ
(ਣ ஢ન ). ஢ઠ ࠢ쭮  稭  ஢ન
  ।, ਧ     㦥 ࠢ.  ᫨ 
஢७,    ஢ન   ⠭.  ᫨       
ਧ ࠢ,  ஢ન த.

  ஢ઠ      ⮨      ஢ન         ,
ந ᫥ ࠡ뢠 On-Validate- ਣ. ஢ઠ  稭-
,   ஢ઠ ,  ஢ન   ।,   
  㦥 ࠢ쭮.  ᫨    㦥 ࠢ쭠,   ஢ન
⠭.  ᫨      ਧ  ࠢ쭮,  ஢ન
த.

                                    -- 36 --



  ஢ઠ    ⮨    ஢ન    ᥩ .  ஢ઠ
 ⮨  ஢ન      .         ᮢ
஢ન  稭  ஢ન  ⠪      
 ࠢ쭮.

⢥ ⥬:   ஢ઠ 
                    ஢ઠ 
                    ஢ઠ 
                    ஢ઠ 


          ஢ન

   ஢ન - ࠪ⨪ ,      (१
ࠪ⨪     -    ஢ન).    ࠪ⨪ ।
ᨬ쭮  ⢮  , ஥        ⮣,  
SQL*Forms 筥 ஢.   ⠪ ।      쥪,
    ࠢ  SQL*Forms  ⮣,   SQL*Forms 筥 ஢.

   ஢ન ᮮ⢥    SQL*Forms.   
 ,  ,    ମ.   ᥣ  ஢ન - ,
।⢮ ண SQL*Forms ஢       ,   
ࠢ  SQL*Forms ।  ⮣ .

  ᫨  ⠭   ஢ન    ஢  , ᨭ஭
஢ન . ਬ, ᫨  ।   ஢ન    ,
SQL*Forms  ஢      ⥪饬 ,  
ந室 室  .    ⮬ ਬ SQL*Forms 㤥 ஢ 
             ,   
  㭪樮  ,     ३  
  㣮    ⥪饩  ,             
⥪饣     (..  ६   ஢ન).

砭:     筮 ०,    ਪ  ணࠬ  
              㫥 ஢ન .

⢥ :    ⠭  ஢ન     ०  D-2
                      ࠪ⨪  -   ஢ન


          p pp

   SQL*Forms ந ஢   ᫥ ᫮:

*  ࠢ SQL*Forms  室    ࠭  ஢塞   
  १ ⮣,         ਣ 믮
    楤 㯠.

*  믮 楤 㯠 ENTER, 맢  ⨥ ஬
   [Enter].

  SQL*Forms 믮 ஢   -   ᨬ   ⮣,  
  ஢ન  -    뢠 㭪 COMMIT.

  ஢ઠ   ந    ०      (Enter Query).  
    ਩ ,       
砥   SQL*Forms   祫    ࠢ (ਬ >100).


                                    -- 37 --



⢥ ⥬:     ० 


         ஢ઠ 
  蠣         ஢ઠ .  ஢ઠ
  ।,   㦤    SQL*Forms   믮  -
⥫쭮 ஢ન (⠪  ⠭ ஢ઠ ࠢ쭮 
ࠡ뢠  -  Post-Cange-ਣ  ).

    * ᫨   - New  ()  Changed   (), ஢ઠ
      த. ᫨     Valid (ࠢ쭮), ஢ઠ 
      ४頥.

    * ᫨     - Changed, ஢ઠ த. ᫨ 
      - New ()  Valid (ࠢ쭠), ஢ઠ  ४頥


         ﭨ   pp
   SQL*Forms ⬥砥    New, Chaged  Valid.

            (New)
     ᮧ  ,  SQL*Forms  ન     ⮩ 
 New ().     ⮣,  SQL*Forms     
祭   -㬮砭    ᪮஢  (  ਬ 祭
-㬮砭 (Default Value)  ࠪ⨪  "ਭ㤨⥫  譨
" (Enforce Foreign Key)).


            (Changed)
SQL*Forms  ન    (Changed)  ᫥ :

*     ,  SQL*Forms  ન   Changed.
    믮   ⮣,    ६   
  ਣ ࠫ, ᪮஢  ⨫ 祭 -㬮砭  .

*         뫮 , SQL*Forms
  ન      Changed.

砭:  ᫨  ⥪饥  祭   ᭮   ,  ॣ
ᨬ쭮 ०  ନ     SQL*Forms  砥    
Changed.  ,  ନ  筮 ०    ⠪  ॣ,  
SQL*Forms       .  ନ    筮 ० 
ॣ  ⮫쪮,  ᫨    祭  ⫨砥   ⥪饣.


           p쭮 (Valid)
SQL*Forms ન   ࠢ쭮  ᫥ :

* ᫥   ⮣,      SQL*Forms ᯥ譮 ஢ਫ ,  ન 
  ࠢ쭮 (Valid).

* ᫨  ஢ઠ   祭 ஢塞  (१
  Post-change-ਣ),  ஢ઠ 諠 ᯥ譮, SQL*Forms ન  
    ࠢ쭮     ९஢ ⮣ .

  砭:   ।७  室, ⮡  ஢ન
   横. ,      c ࠢ쭮 ६
    .

                                    -- 38 --



* SQL*Forms   ન       ࠢ  , 
  祭      ࠡ祥 ࠭⢮.   ୮ ⠪ , 
  Post-Change-ਣ (ࠡ뢠- 騩  ६ 祭 ) 
  祭 .

*  ⮣  SQL*Forms ᯥ譮       ,  ⠭
      ࠢ.  SQL*Forms    ஢  ,
  맢 ਣ஬    ६ 믮 ࠭樨.  (᪫祭  ⮣
  ࠢ   ਢ   ࠧ "   ६ ࠡ⪨.")

*     㡫஢  (ᮧ 믮 楤
  DUPLICATE_RECORD       ⨥ [Duplicate Record]) ᫥  
  -筨.  ⮬  , 㡫஢  ࠢ쭮 
  㤥 ࠢ.

  砭:  筨   ⮫쪮 New()   Changed (
  ),  ᫨   ஢ન -  ,    㡫஢
     ।⥫쭮 ஢ન  ࠢ쭮.

⢥ ⥬:      ६ ࠡ⪨
                    楤 DUPLICATE_RECORD


          ஢ન 

SQL*Forms   ન          ଥ  ,   
ࠢ.  ⨬,      ஢ન     ⥭  
,   室饬   ⥬ ६ SYSTEM.RECORD_STATUS.

⢥ ⥬:    SYSTEM.RECORD_STATUS


           
SQL*Forms  ન    ,   ᮧ ,  
  .  ୮ , ᫨ SQL*Forms 頥   祭
-㬮砭    ࠪ⨪  ਭ㤨⥫쭮 譥 .


           
SQL*Forms ન   , ᫨   
   ન஢  .


           p쭠
SQL*Forms   ન        ࠢ  ᫥ :

* ᫥ ⮣,  SQL*Forms ᯥ譮  ஢ਫ    
    (  ᢮     - ࠢ),  
  ન    ࠢ. ᫨      
  諨 ஢,  -  .

* ᫥ ⮣,  SQL*Forms ᯥ譮 ஢ਫ      
  (    ࠢ쮥),  ન-       
  ࠢ. ᫨         諨   ஢, SQL*Forms
  ન   .

* SQL*Forms ન   祭      ࠡ祥
  ࠭⢮  ࠢ.

                                    -- 39 --



* ᫥  ⮣,   SQL*Forms ᯥ譮 ⨫    ,  
  ન     ଥ  ࠢ.  (᪫祭  ⮣ ࠢ
  ࢥ  ࠧ "   ६ ࠡ⪨").

* 㡫஢    (ᮧ   믮  楤 DUPLICATE_RECORD
    ⨨ [Duplicate Record]) ᫥  -筨.
  ⮬  , 㡫஢  ࠢ쭮 㤥 ⠪ ࠢ쭮.

* 砭: -筨      ⮫쪮   ,
  ᫨  㫥  ஢ન    ,   
  㡫஢   ।⥫쭮 ஢ન ࠢ쭮.
  ⢥ ⥬:
                       ६ ࠡ⪨
                    楤 DUPLICATE_RECORD


         ⠭  pp p쭮
  ஢ઠ        砥  ⠭ ஢ન
ࠢ쭮.  ஢ન  㤮⮢    ⮬,     
ᮮ⢥  ॡ,      ⠭ ᫥騬
ࠪ⨪ :
     * ᪠ ଠ;
     * 易⥫ ॡ;
     * 䨪஢ ;
     * ⨯ ;
     *  ࠢ쭮;

⢥ ⥬:   , ࠪ⨪
                    ஢ઠ 


          ᪨  p
  ᫨  ।      ଠ    , (१ ࠪ⨪ 
- ᪠ ଠ),  ⠭  ஢ન ࠢ쭮      ஢
  ᪨  ଠ.  SQL*Forms  ⠭    ᪨  ଠ
   祭    .      ਭ      
祭:
ࠢ쭮
            뢠,   稭,      㤮⢮-
              ᪥  ଠ.    ஢ઠ  த.

ࠢ쭮
            뢠,  稭,       
          㤮⢮  ᪥  ଠ.  ஢ઠ  ४頥.

⢥ ⥬:    祭  
                    ࠪ⨪  - ᪠   ଠ
                    ஢ઠ 


         ஢

  ஢ ⠡  ப - ⢥    ᯥ祭 ⨢-
   ⥣஢  襩    .  ஢ ।頥
ᮣᮢ,   ,  ᪮쪮 짮⥫
 ६  ᬮ          .



                                    -- 40 --



  SQL*Forms ᯮ ப  ࠭஢ ⮣,   
      ,        ᪮쪮 짮⥫  ८ࠧ
    .    짮⥫  ८ࠧ  ப,
SQL*Forms  ᯥ稢 ஢      ࠭⨨   ⮣,      
㣮 짮⥫  ⠥ ८ࠧ      ⮣,   
짮⥫          ४  ᢮ .

  ORACLE    SQL*Forms  ⮬᪨  ᯥ稢  ᭮ ⢨   
஢  .,   ࠧࠡ稪         ࠢ
믮      ப - ᮢ.

    ᭥ ⮤ ஢ ORACLE  ⨯ ஢,  
㪮    ORACLE.     ⠫쭮  ᭥
७  ᮡ⨩ ஢ ப      ᮮ⢥騬
ࠧ   ஢ ப.

  砭:      ࠧ ।,    ࠡ⠥   
ORACLE RDBMS Version 6.0,  ᯮ ஢   ஢.  ᫨  
ᯮ ORACLE Version 6.0 c ⠡筮    ஢,     
    㪮     ORACLE  祭 ଠ樨 
⠡筮 ஢.

⢥ ⥬:  ஢ ப


          ஢
  㪮⢮    ORACLE  ஡  뢠 ⨯
஢,   ᯮ㥬      ORACLE.   ࠢ筨 ࠧࠡ稪 SQL*Forms
᪠뢠 ⮫쪮     ⨯ ஢,  
SQL*Forms.

  ⨬,     ⨯  ஢  ப    ⠡,   ᯮ
SQL*Forms     ⮣,    ࠧ   뢠:  
ਣ஬.


         ᪫⥫쭠 p p
  ᪫⨥쭠   ஢   ப   ।࠭  㣮  
८ࠧ  㤠 ப   ⠭   ஢  
ப.   㣮 짮⥫  ᢮    ப,
  ஢ ⨬ ᯮᮡ.


         ᪫⥫쭠 p ⠡
  ᪫⨥쭠   ஢   ⠡  ।࠭  㣮    
८ࠧ    㤠  ப  ⠡      ⠭  
஢   ⠡.   㣮 짮⥫  ᢮  
   ⠡,  ஢ ⨬ ᯮᮡ.


         ஢, 맢 pp
SQL*Forms   ⠭ ᪫⥫ ஢  १
 ஬      ,    ᮮ⢥
ப         १ ᪫⥫쭮   
ப   ⠪ .




                                    -- 41 --



         ஢, 맢 pp
   ਣ  ந      ⠡   ।⢮  몠
樨  (Data Manipulation Language (DML)),     
⠥  ⠭  ஢   ᮮ⢥ ப.

SQL*Forms   ⠪   ⠥    ⠭    ᪫⥫ ஢  
  ப,   ⢥  ࠭ ,  ਣ ᯮ
᫥騥 楤:
     * _
     * _ ( ࠬ஬ FOR_UPDATE)
     *   ( ࠬ஬ FOR_UPDATE)
     * _


         ⮤ ஢ p
     ஢ -  ⮤,     SQL*Forms
࠭,     ப      ६ ८ࠧ   
㤠.       ⮤  ஢ 믮    㭪樨,  
⫨  ⥬,   믮  㭪樨.


          p
    ਫ  SQL*Forms  ᯮ    ஢,  
   ࠢ ஢ ப

  १   ஢  SQL*Forms  ⠥  ⠭ ᪫⥫
஢  ப      ⮫쪮    ⠥     
  樨஢ .
 筮 ० ନ,  SQL*Forms ⠥ ⠭ ஢   
⮫쪮       㭪樮 .

    㫥  ஢ન      ,   SQL*Forms    ந
, ᫨   ⠭ ஢.

    㫥  ஢ન    ,     ଠ, SQL*Forms
ࠧ蠥  ।஢    ⠥  ⠭ ᪫⥫  ஢
ப    믮 ஢ન .

⢥ ⥬:   ஢ઠ   ।஢
                    ஢ ப
                    ஢ઠ 

          ஢
    ஢  ।⠢        ਣ 
।⢥  ⠭ ஢  ப.   
ᯮ짮   [Lock  Record]   ஢ ப, 易 
  .

    ᯮ짮 SQL*Forms   ஢ ப, 易  
    ,  ࠧࠡ⠢ ,   ᯮ   ᫥
楤:
     * _ ( ࠬ஬ FOR_UPDATE)
     *   ( ࠬ஬ FOR_UPDATE)
     * _





                                    -- 42 --



    ᯮ짮   楤      ६,  
 ᯥ ஢  ப, 室  ,   
ப ,    .    ᯮ짮  
஫⥫쭮    㣨  ⮤ ஢.

  㬥,      ᯮ짮  ⠪  SQL    ஢
ப  ⠡.
⢥ ⥬: _, 楤
                  _, 楤
                  _, 楤
                  ஢ ப

         㤠  믮 p
  SQL*Forms   ௥ 㤠  믮 ஢ ப 
⠡, ᫨   짮⥫     ᯮ짮 
ᮢ.

         㤠   믮 p p
     ७⭮ ᯮ  짮⥫᪮ ⥬,
SQL*Forms            ﭨ   ᯥ ஢
ப.    ⮬  砥 SQL*Forms   ᢥ稢  ᮮ饭:  "Attemping  to
reserve record for update or delete (CNTRL-C to cancel)..."( ⪠
१ࢨ஢     㤠 (CNTRL-C  ⬥).
짮⥫   ,  SQL*Forms 믮 ஢ 
४ 楤 ஢.

  १  㤠    믮   ஢ ப  
 ⮣,   SQL*Forms ⠥ 믮 ஢  (ਬ,   
ࠡ뢠  ᮡ⨥)       21, "ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩".

⢥ ⥬: ஢ ப


         㤠  믮 p ⠡

   ७⭮ ᯮ    짮⥫᪮ ⥬,
SQL*Forms            ﭨ  ᯥ ஢
⠡.    ⮬    砥 SQL*Forms ,  ⠡  ⠭ 㯭,
 뤠   ⮬    ᮮ饭.    ,  
SQL*Forms 믮  ஢,    ४  楤 ஢,
 CNTRL-C   .

  㤠    믮  ஢ ⠡  쥧 稭.  ᫨
  짮⥫  ᪫⥫쭮  ஢ ⠡,  㣨 짮⥫
 ⮫쪮 믮  ,  易  ⮩ ⠡楩.  
᫮ ࠭      ,     ⠭
㯭.

  ⥫쭮,  Oracle  Corporation  ண  ४   ᯮ짮
᪫⥫    ஢    ⠡     짮⥫᪮  ०,
          室


          ᭨ p
SQL*Forms ᭨  ஢  ᫥   ⥫⢠:
    *    믮 ᯥ譮.
    * ଠ 襭  襭.


                                    -- 43 --



    * SQL*Forms  믮     ⪠ -   ⪠    ࠭
      窥.   (      ந  ᫥   㤠筮 ⪨ ᥭ
      )

  SQL*Forms ᯥ稢 ஢,  ந室 ⪠  ࠭
窥,     㤠筮   .     
  짮⥫   室    .

  ᫨ ਣ  ᪫⥫쭮  ஢    ப  ⥬ ࠬ
FOT_UPDATE,    ப  㦤   ୮  ᫥  
 ப  ப.

砭:
   * ⪠   ⪠    ᭨  ப       
    易   ப.   ⫨砥   SQL*Forms,
     믮    ᨥ 5.1 (  ࠭) ORACLE RDBMS.
   * ᫨  믮         ᥭ     
    ⪠   (⥬    SQL    ਣ),  SQL*Forms ᭨ 
    ஢.  Oracle   Corcporation  ।   ।ਭ
       ⢨ ⠪       맢  ।᪠㥬
    १      ᫥饬      SQL*Forms      .

⢥ ⥬: COMMIT_FORM, -奬


          p  㬮砭
     ࠡ,   믮  SQL*Forms   ஢
ᮢ.   On-Lock-ਣ       ⠭ ࠡ SQL*Forms

⢥ ⥬: On-Lock-ਣ
               On-Insert-ਣ
               On-Update-ਣ
                 뫪  


         樨  p
   ஢ ந室,   짮⥫ 㦤   
,  ஢ ன 짮⥫,    ன 짮⥫
㦤  ,  ஢ .    ⮬ 砥,    
 짮⥫      ࠡ    ORACLE ⮬᪨ ⪠뢠
    짮⥫.     ।   
஢, ᫥   ᫥騬 ࠢ:

    *  ᯮ ᪫⥫ ஢ ⠡ ⮣,    ⮣
       .

   * ,  ⮡  ਪ ணࠬ,      ᪫⥫
     ஢  ⠡,        ᫥⥫쭮.     
      ஢   ⠥,  ᫨  ଠ  ᭠砫
     ⠡ ORD,  ⥬ ⠡ ITEMS,   㣠 ଠ     
     ⭮ ᫥⥫쭮.

    *    ,     ࠡ⠥    訬
      த⪮,  ⮡  뢠 ᭨ ஢.    㣮  ᯮᮡ -
      ࠧࠡ뢠   ⠪,  ⮡    ⮬᪨ ᨫ
         窠.

         ࠡ⪠ 

                                    -- 44 --



  ࠡ⪠  SQL*Forms -  ᮡ⨥,  ஥  ⠥ ᤥ
      묨    ଥ.    砥 ,
 "뫪"        ⥬    . 
 砥:

   * 㤠 ப  ⠡  ,       ਣ
     㤠  ଥ

   *   ப      ⠡      ,    ᮮ⢥
        ଥ, 砭         ਣ

   *  ⠢ ப   ,    ᮮ⢥   , 
        ਣ ⠢  

   *  ᥭ    

      ﭭ  (᫨      ᫥騬 饭ﬨ  
)   ⮡ࠦ  ᫥   짮⥫ ORACLE.

  ஡ ᠭ ஬ ᮡ⨩ ࠡ⪨  ᠭ 
ࠧ COMMIT_FORM    "࠭樨  뫪   "   21,
"ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩".

⢥ ⥬: COMMIT_FORM, -奬
                  ࠭樨 뫪  


         뫪 
  뫪  ᮤন    㤠,  ⠢   ,  
ଥ           .

  뫪  ᥣ  ந室   ६ ࠡ⪨ .  ,
뫪    ந室     ᨬ        
ᯮ짮    楤    POST   ( 㭪樮쭮   
SQL*Forms(Run   Form),     ᮮ⢥ ⮩ 楤.)

⢥ ⥬: ࠭樨 뫪  ࠭
                  楤 POST


         窨 ࠭  ⪠

    SQL*Forms,  ⪠  - ஬筠 㭪,  ⬥
⢨,  믮  ⥪饩 ࠭樨.  ⮡ ॣ㫨஢ ⪠,
SQL*Forms     ࠭   ᥣ   祪 ࠭.

SQL*Forms  ⠭ 窨 ࠭ ।⢥ ।
뫪    맮 .

   窨 ࠭, ⠭ p p뫪    ந室
࠭樨  뫪    , SQL*Forms ᯮ  ⮣ ᮡ
窨 ࠭.     訡      ६    ᮡ,
SQL*Forms ⪠뢠      ࠭樨  窨 ࠭ ⮣
ᮡ.   ⢨⥫쭮 ⪠ ⬥    ,   뫨
ᥭ      祭  ࠭樨 뫪  .




                                    -- 45 --



砭:    ࠭樨 뫪    ந室  
               ६ ᫥ ᮡ⨩:
     * CLEAR_BLOCK
     * CLEAR_FORM
     * COMMIT_FORM
     * COUNT_QUERY
     * ENTER_QUERY
     * 믮 
     * POST
⢥ ⥬: ࠭樨 뫪  


         窨 ࠭, ⠭ p 맮 p

   ࠡ⪠ 뢠  (  㭪権 CALL   CALL_QUERY),
SQL*Forms ⠭   ࠭   뢠  .  ᫨
㭪 CLEAR_FORM ࠡ뢠,  뢠 ଠ   ⥪饩,
SQL*Forms   ⪠    窨 ࠭ ⮩ .  
⢨⥫쭮,  ⪠ ⬥    ,    ᥭ  
   ⥪饩 ଥ    ଥ,  뢠  ⥪饩
ଥ  ६ ᥠ ࠡ SQL*Forms (Run Form).

  ਬ,  ।,      ᫥    ଥ A, 맢 
B  ᫨      .    ⮩  窥 CLEAR_FORM ᤥ ⪠ 
  ,  ᤥ   ଥ  B.  窠  ࠭,    뫠
⠭ SQL*Forms  맮  B, ⠭ ⪠. , ᫨ 
᫨        A,       B,   ⥬ 㫨  
A,  CLEAR_FORM  ᤥ  ⪠     ,  ᥭ   
(    ଥ A,    뫨  ᫠).  ⨬,  
 窠  ࠭    ࢮ      ⥪  맮 
室  砫 ᥠ ࠡ SQL*Forms(Run Form).

⢥ ⥬: CALL,  奬
               CALL_QUERY, -奬
               CLEAR_FORM, 楤

         ࠡ⪠ ⠢   㤠

  뫠   , SQL*Forms  ࠡ뢠 ⠢,
  㤠     ଥ ⠢,      㤠
    ⫮묨 ࠭ﬨ,     ,
  뫨 ⬥祭    ⠢,     㤠 ⠪  ᫥
᫥ 뫪  ⥪饬  ᥠ  ࠡ  SQL*Forms(Run Form).

⢥ ⥬: ࠡ⪠ ,     -㬮砭

         ⠢

    SQL*Forms  ⠢  -    ⫮ ࠭ ப,  뫠
⬥祭  ⠢    ப     .    ,
 뫠 ⬥祭  ⠢,     SQL  INSERT,  易
  ,    믮,    ந室 뫪 ⠢.
 INSERT  ᫥騩 :

INSERT INTO table [(column, column,...)]
     VALUES (values, values, ...);
:


                                    -- 46 --



table          ⠡    ⥪饣   , 
             ࠡ뢠 SQL*Forms.

column (s)           ⠡ 
             ,  ᮮ⢥    
             ,  ࠡ뢠 SQL*Forms.

value (s)      祭 , ஥ SQL*Forms    ⠢   
                 ⠡    .


         
   SQL*Forms   -    ⫮  ࠭  ப,    뫠
⬥祭            饩 ப  
.    ,   뫠  ⬥祭    ,  
 SQL UPDATE, 易    ,    믮,  
ந室 뫪 .  UPDATE  ᫥騩 :

UPDATE table
     SET (column = value, column = value, ...)
          WHERE ROWID = rowid_value;
:

table     ⠡    ⥪饣   , 
        ࠡ뢠 SQL*Forms.

column (s)           ⠡    , 
             ᮮ⢥       ,  ࠡ뢠
             SQL*Forms.

value (s)     祭 , ஥ SQL*Forms    ⠢   
                ⠡    .

rowid_value
           祭 ROWID  ப   ,   
        ᮮ⢥    ,       ࠡ뢠 SQL*Forms

⨬,   ᫮, ।  ࠦ WHERE  ⮫쪮 祭
ROWID.   ᫮   ।   ப   , 
  .

砭:    ᫨      ਢ     
ࠪ⨪     Column   Sec   祭, SQL*Forms  ந
祭    UPDATE .  ⮬    UPDATE  
      .   ⠥ ⥬ 
ᠬ  祭   ᥠ  ࠡ      SQL*Forms(Run Form).

⢥ ⥬: ࠪ⨪  Column Sec


         
  SQL*Forms  㤠  -   ⫮ ࠭ ப,  뫠
⬥祭  㤠 ᮮ⢥饩   ப     .  
,   뫠 ⬥祭  㤢,     SQL  DELETE,
易    ,   믮,    ந室 뫪
㤠.   DELETE  ᫥騩 :



                                    -- 47 --



DELETE FROM table
     WHERE ROWID = rowid_value;          :

table     ⠡    ⥪饣   , 
        ࠡ뢠 SQL*Forms.

rowid_value    祭 ROWID  ப   ,   
              ᮮ⢥    ,       ࠡ뢠 SQL*Forms

⨬,  ᫮,  ।  ࠦ WHERE  ⮫쪮  祭
ROWID.   ᫮  ।  ப   , 
  㤠.

          ந室 ᥭ 

ᥭ  ந室  ᫥ ᫮:
ᥭ 
    *  ਣ 뢠 楤 COMMIT_FORM
    *     [commit]
    *           ⥪饬   ,
      ᤥ ᫥ ᫥ ᥭ     ਣ  뢠
      楤 CLEAR_BLOCK ( ࠬ஬   DO_COMMIT)

    *               ⥪饩
      ଥ, ᤥ ᫥ ᫥   ᥭ        ਣ
      뢠  楤   CLEAR_FORM ( ࠬ஬ DO_COMMIT)

    *   ⢥砥 Yes  ।०:    Do you want to commit
      the changes you have made?    ( 㢥७,    ᤥ
      ?)

।०: Do you want to commit the changes  you  have made?
                ( 㢥७,    ᤥ ?)

  ᫥ ᫮:
    *        ⥪饬    ᫥ ᫥
      ᥭ   ந室     ᫥ ᮡ⨩:
          * CLEAR_BLOCK ( ࠬ஬ ASK_COMMIT     ࠬ஢)
          * COUNT_QUERY
          * ENTER_QUERY
          * 믮 

   *             ⥪饩  ଥ
     ᫥  ᫥ ᥭ     ந室   ᫥
     ᮡ⨩:

          * CLEAR_FORM ( ࠬ஬ ASK_COMMIT     ࠬ஢)
          * 室  

砭:   PL/SQL 믮      SQL*Forms
           (⥬    SQL  COMMIT),  SQL*Forms ந  ࠡ
            ⠪,    뫠 맢 楤 COMMIT_FORM.

⢥ ⥬: CLEAR_BLOCK, -奬
               CLEAR_FORM, -奬
               COMMIT_FORM, -奬
               COUNT_QUERY, -奬
               ENTER_QUERY, -奬

                                    -- 48 --



               믮 
               室  
               ࠭樨 뫪  ᥭ 


            p p⪨ 

  ࠡ⪠  ந ஢  ࠡ뢠 ਣ஢.  १
, ᮡ⨥   ᥭ       ஢   
.  ᨬ  ⨯ ਣ,    ᯮ  
   ६  ᥭ  ,  SQL*Forms     
        ६  ⥪饣  ᮡ ᥭ 

⢥ ⥬: ࠭樨 뫪  ᥭ 


           p p뫪

 ஦, ᫨  ᯮ ਣ Pre-Delete, Insert    Update
  ᥭ       .  ,  ᤥ ⨬
ਣࠬ   ᥭ      ।⥫쭮 ஢ન.

ਬ, ।,     Pre-Insert-ਣ  롨ࠥ 祭  
   ଥ:
    * ᫨ ࠭    뫠 ࠡ⠭  -   ,
            ᯮ짮   ᮡ   ᥭ  ,
          ஢७ ।   ⨬.

    * ᫨ ࠭  㦥 뫠 ࠡ⠭  ᥭ   ,
            ᥭ     ६   ⥪饣  ᮡ ᥭ
      ,    ⠢   SQL*Forms ⬥  ࠭  
       .

     ᫨     ,  ⮣,    
     ᥭ ,  騥  ,      , 㤥 
     訡.

           ᫥ p뫪

 ஦, ᫨  ᯮ ਣ Pre-Delete, Insert   Update
  ᥭ        .  ,  ᤥ ⨬
ਣࠬ    ᥭ    ⥪騬 ᮡ⨥ ᥭ
.

ਬ,  ।,     Post-Insert-ਣ  롨ࠥ 祭  
   ଥ:

    * ᫨  ࠭     室    ,    ࠡ뢠
      ⥪騬 ᮡ⨥ ᥭ       ,     㦥
      ࠡ⠭  ⥪騬  ᮡ⨥   ᥭ ,  SQL*Forms   
           ⥪饬 ᮡ⨨ ᥭ .

     , SQL*Forms ⬥ ࠭         .  ᫨
   ⥪饥 ᮡ⨥  ᥭ       ᯥ譮, SQL*Forms
   ⬥             ࠢ.   १  ਢ
   訡    ᫥饩 ࠡ⪥.  ⮬      
   ⠪ .


                                    -- 49 --



    * ᫨ ࠭  室  ,       
      ࠡ⠭   ⥪騬   ᥭ   ,   SQL*Forms  ஢
          ⥪騬   ᮡ⨥ ᥭ .

          ࠡ⪨ ᥭ   㬮砭

         ࠡ,     믮 SQL*Forms   ६
뫪   ᥭ . ਣ  On-Insert, On-Update  
On-Delete  ⠭ ࠡ SQL*Forms.

⢥ ⥬: On-Delete-ਣ
               On-Insert-ਣ
               On-Update-ਣ
               ࠭樨 뫪  ᥭ
               


         ROWID

    ᮧ ⠡,  ORACLE ⮬᪨ ᮧ  ⮩  ⠡
,  뢠  ROWID.     ROWID ᮤন  祭    
ப,  ஥  㭨쭮   ப.  筮,  
  ᮧ       ଥ,    SQL*Forms      ⮡ࠦ,
塞   ,  ஥ 뢠  ROWID.  (  
⮡ࠦ ⠪   ࠡ   .)

SQL*Forms ᯮ 稭 ROWID  ⠭  筮
ᮮ⢥⢨    ப    ⠡    ﬨ  
⠡  .    ࠧ,   SQL*Forms    믮 
ப   , ஥ ⢨,   ଥ,  ᯮ
稭 ROWID  । ப,  ன 室 ࠡ.

SQL*Forms ᯮ ROWID  ।:
    *  ப         १ࢨ஢  
      
    *  ப  ८ࠧ  㤠  ६   뫪

 SQL*Forms ࠥ ப  ,  頥 祭  ROWID  
  ROWID.    稭  ࠢ   ६  ஢  ப 
ᯥ譮 믮 ᥭ (   ॠ  ஢).
稭  ROWID      ࠢ쭮    ப,       뫠
஢   ᫥⢨  ࠭樨  㣮  짮⥫.

⨬, 稭 ROWID   ࠢ NULL  ᫥ ⥫⢠:
    *   ᮮ⢥ ப   .(ਬ
              )
    *  ᮮ⢥ ப  塞 ⠡ 
      㠫쭮 ⠡

砭:  砥,    ⢥ 塞 ⠡ 
㠫쭮 ⠡,    ࠭  ,   ࠭ 
   १ࢨ஢     .

 砥,  ᫨ ப 㤠      ,  SQL*Forms 
७  祭  ROWID     ⠢ ப.

         ᯮ짮 ROWID  pp


                                    -- 50 --



 設⢥ 砥   室   祭 ROWID - 
⮣  SQL*Forms, 㯠ࢫ騩 ࠭ﬨ.   ,     
  ᯮ짮 稭  ROWID   ⠡,   
易      ⥪饩  ଥ.     ⠪  樨     
ᯮ짮  祭  ROWID,  ⮡ ࠭ ᯮᮡ,   ப ⠡
ᮮ⢥   ଥ.

ਬ,   ।,         ,    ᯮ  EMP
  ⢥    ⠡      뢠   ⠡
EMP, ᤥ  ⮩ ଥ   ⠡      EMP_HISTORY.  
  ᮧ Pre-Update-ਣ       Pre-Delete-ਣ   (   ,
饣  ⠡ EMP),    ᮤঠ  ᫥騩 :

INSERT INTO EMP_HISTORY
     SELECT * FROM EMP
          WHERE ROWID = :EMP.ROWID;

      㤠    뫠   , SQL*Forms
  ப    EMP_HISTORY.   䨪 ப,  
  롨ࠥ  ।⢮ ࠧ SELECT   Pre-Update- 
Pre-Delete-ਣ.    ப EMP,  祭  ROWID  ன  ࠢ
⥪饬 祭  ROWID  ⥪饬  (ਬ  ப  EMP,  
뫠   㤠).

 ⠪   ⮡ࠦ 祭 ROWID  ६ ⫠ .
⮡ ᤥ , ᯮ Post-Query-ਣ   롮 祭
    ⮡ࠦ .    ⮡ࠦ    
    26 ᨬ,  ⮡   祭 ROWID.

砭:           ਣ   祭 
ROWID   ப.  ࠢ쭮 祭 ROWID  । 
뫪    .


         ࠡ⪠ 

"ࠡ⪠ " ⭮  ᮡ SQL*Forms,  ।,
  ப  롨         ⮡ࠦ   
.  ࠡ⪠  ᮤন ᫥騥 ᭮ ᮡ:
     *  
     * 믮 
     *  ᮢ ᮢ

 믮 ࠡ⪠ ,  SQL*Forms     ᯥ樠묨
࠭祭ﬨ.


          
"  "  ।,       ᫮,   
롮ન    ।  .        ਣ   
    맢  㭪 ENTER_QUERY.   ⢨ ॢ
SQL*Forms  ०  .

砭:   ⠫쭮 ᠭ ७ ᮡ⨩  
   -奬  ENTER_QUERY      21, "ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩".

⢥ ⥬: ENTER_QUERY, -奬
                  ENTER_QUERY, 楤

                                    -- 51 --




           p
 ०  , SQL*Forms ਭ ᫮   ଠ
  SELECT.  SQL*Forms 室  ०   
६ 맮  㭪樨  ENTER_QUERY   ⮣  ,    
 [Exit/Cansel]  [Enter]  [Execute Query]      筮
୥    ப.

ࠡ⪠ SQL*Forms  ०    ᯥ樠 ࠭祭.

砭:      SQL*Forms(Run Form)  室  ०  
  㣮 ᯥ樠쭮 ०,   室  "ଠ쭮" ०.

         믮  p

"믮 " 頥  , ⮬ ஬  
ਣ஬  ⠥  ࠭   .  ⮡ 믮
,  ਣ     맢 㭪 EXECUTE_QUERY.

⢥ ⥬: EXECUTE_QUERY, 楤   믮 

         ⨥ 
  SQL*Forms   뢠   ,     뢠  㭪 "EXECUTE
QUERY".   "⨥  "  믫  ᫥騥 ⢨:
    *  ப  ,  㤮⢮ 
      롮
    *   "⠫  ᭨"  ࠭  ப    ⮣,  ⮡
          ࠭  ப      롮

    * ⠥ ஢  ࠭ ப, ᫨ 뫨   
       ENTER_QUERY(FOT_UPDATE)        EXECUTE_QUERY(FOR_UPDATE)

    * ⠭ ⢮ ப, ஥ SQL*Forms
       ᫠   ᥩ ६

    * 뢠 롮 ᮮ⢥ ᥩ

 ⠥ ,   SQL*Forms    ஥  .
SQL*Forms 뢠   ᫥ ᫮:
    *   ᥩ  롮ન
    * 맢 㭪 ABORT_QUERY
    *  饭

砭:    ⠫쭮  ᠭ  ७  ᮡ⨩ 믮
              -奬   믮    21,
           "ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩".
⢥ ⥬:    믮 
                     롮ઠ ᥩ
                     ⨥ 


         롮ઠ ᥩ
롮ઠ ᥩ-  믮 ,  믮 ᫥騥
⢨:
    * 頥 ࠭ ப   ᥩ
    * ᮧ        ६묨  



                                    -- 52 --



       ᮮ⢥ ப
    *   ,  ⭮騥   ,   ᯮ
      Post-Change-  Post-Query-ਣ

砭:      ⠫쭮  ᠭ  ७  ᮡ⨩ 롮ન 
   -奬  롮ઠ  ᥩ    21, "ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩".
⢥ ⥬:    롮ઠ ᥩ

         ਨ 롮 
믮  뤠  SELECT  ,   
ਨ 롮 ᥩ  饭  .     SELECT
  ஬   SELECT.

   ⢮   ਨ 롮  १ ।
  ਣ.    ⢮   ਨ  롮  १
  ᫮  ०  .

          
     SELECT,  । ਨ 롮


         SELECT
   ᥩ,    ,  ᫥騩 :
SELECT select_list FROM table

     [WHERW
          [default_where_clause [AND]]
          [columt_condition [AND]] ...
          [(query_where_condition)]]

[ORDER BY default_ordering | ORDER BY query_where_orderinq]


select_list   ।  ,    ᮮ⢥ ᥬ  
              ,     ROWID

default_where_   । ᫮ WHERE ⠭묨

clause            ࠦ -㬮砭  WHERE.

column_condition   । 祭 㠫쭮     ।
                    ਬ .

query_where_      । ᫮ WHERE ⠭묨

condition         ஬    Query Where.


default_ordering  थ ᫮ ORDER BY ⠭묨    ࠦ
                  -㬮砭  ORDER BY.

order_where_      । ᫮ 㯮冷稢 ⠭-

ordering          묨 ஬    QUERY   Where.





                                    -- 53 --



-㬮砭,         SELECT   ࠧ頥   ࠭ 
   । 浪.  -   -㬮砭
SELECT  -  SELECT  select_list FROM   table.   ,     ࠧࠡ稪  
   ஢   SELECT      
ࠬ஢.

  ⠡ 뢠 ࠬ,     ஢,
 ,   ᮮ⢥ ࠬࠬ (ਬ,    ࠧࠡ稪 
    冷,  ⮡ ⢮  
SELECT),      ஢ ࠬ:

ࠬ                         

column_condition    ਬ       ࠧࠡ稪   
default_ordering    ࠦ -㬮砭  ࠧࠡ稪
                    ORDER BY

default_where_clause
                    ࠦ -㬮砭  ࠧࠡ稪
                    WHERE

query_where_condition
                     Query Where    ࠧࠡ稪

query_where_ordering
                     Query Where    

  SQL*Forms  믮      SELECT,    ࠭
⥪         ⥬    ६ SYSTEM.LAST_QUERY

⢥ ⥬: SYSTEM.LAST_QUERY


         ࠦ -㬮砭 ORDER BY
  SELECT ᯮ  ⢥ ࠦ ORDER BY 
ࠦ -㬮砭 ORDER BY, ஥  ।    ࠪ⨪
 Default Where/Order By.  ᫨  । ࠦ ORDER BY 
 Query Where  ४஥ ࠦ ORDER BY -㬮砭.

         ࠦ -㬮砭 p  WHERE
  SELECT ᯮ  ⢥ ࠦ WHERE  
ࠦ  WHERE  -㬮砭,   ஥    ।  ࠪ⨪
 Default Where/Order By.  ਬ     Query Where
⠪ । ᫮ WHERE, SQL*Forms ᯮ  ᫮ 
  ࠦ WHERE -㬮砭.

         ਬ 
ਬ  -   SQL*Forms,    ࠭      
ᯮ  ⮫쪮      ᫮ .  SQL*Forms ᮧ 
樠 ਬ  ,   뢠  㭪樨  ENTER_QUERY,
EXECUTE_QUERY   COUNT_QUERY.

 ᮧ ਬ ਬ  ,    ᮤন     ᠬ ,  
    ⥪饬 .    ਬ   祭
NULL,  ᫨    १ ࠪ⨪ Enforce Foreign Key .




                                    -- 54 --



ਬ      ⢮       SELECT ᫥騬
ࠧ:
    * ਬ   ᮤঠ 祭 ( NULL),        
        ,    ⭮       ,  ᯮ 
      ࠦ WHERE.

    * ਬ   । ᫮      .
   ਬ,      ।,      롨ࠥ ⮫쪮  ,
       祭     QUANTITY  100.

    祭  אַ  ਬ   ० 
.  ࠡ稪      祭   ࠪ⨪  
Enforce  Foreign  Key    १ Pre_Query-ਣ. ⨬,    
ਬ , ᤥ  Pre-Query-ਣ஬ ४ 祭,  
஬.     ᮡ       ᪨஢ ࠢ
.


           WHERE
  SELECT:

    * ᯮ  ࠦ WHERE   ࠧ   -㬮砭 WHERE,
        ।  ࠪ⨪  Default Where/Order By

    * ᯮ  ࠦ  ORDER BY  ࠧ -㬮砭 ORDER  BY,
        ।      ࠪ⨪   -㬮砭 Default
      Where/Order By.

  ,  ᫮ WHERE । ॠ஬  Query  Where 
᫮  ࠧ -㬮砭 WHERE  ᫮ ORDER BY,  । 
஬ Query Where  ᫮,   ࠧ  -㬮砭  ORDER  BY.
쪮     ।   WERE.  ᫨  
  । ६      ᪮쪨     ,
    [Execute Query],   뮥  
WHERE.        ᫮ WHERE  ORDER BY.

砭:        ஡   ଠ樨    ᫮ 
              㪮  SQL*Forms.

         ࠭祭 p⪨ p
SQL*Forms   ᪮쪨 ࠭祭ﬨ,  - 뢠
ᮡ, 易  ᮬ.       ⭮, SQL*Forms ࠡ⠥ ࠧ筮
 ०         롮ન .

         ࠭祭 p  p
室  ०  , SQL*Forms ᫥ - ஢ 
ࠢ ࠡ⪨.  ⭮, SQL*Forms:

    *  ந  ஢ப
    *  ᪠ ਣ
    * ᯮ ⠭ 㭪樮 , ⭮騥 
      ६饭  ﬨ

室  ०    ,        ᯮ짮
᫥騥 㭪樮 :




                                    -- 55 --



[Block Menu]             [Next Block]
[Clear Form/Rollback]    [Next Record]
[Commit]                 [Next Set of Records]
[Down]                   [Previous Block]
[Duplicate Field]        [Previous Record]
[Duplicate Record]       [Scroll Down]
[Insert Record]          [Scroll Up]
[Lock Record]            [Up]

         ࠭祭 p 롮p 
 SQL*Forms   ࠭묨 祭ﬨ,  ࠡ뢠 
Post-Change-ਣ, ।  ਣ V2  ᫥騬 ࠭祭-
ﬨ:
     * SQL*Forms   ⪨      .
     * SQL*Forms  믮   SELECT,  ਢ易 
           .

     * SQL*Forms  믮   SELECT,   ᮤঠ 
       ࠧ INTO.

᫨ SQL*Forms  믮  SELECT   蠣  ਣ V2,   ⠥
蠣 ਣ ᯥ (⮫쪮, ᫨ 祭 ࠪ⨪ 蠣 ਣ
Reverse Return Code).

 ६ 롮ન   Post-Change-ਣ,  ।    ਣ
V3,         믮  -   ࠭祭. ᬮ  
ਣ,  ६ 믮 롮ન ,  SQL*Forms  ந
 ஢ப  ࠢ쭮,    ⬥砥          
 ࠢ ᫥ ࠡ뢠 Post-Change-ਣ    .

砭: Post-Query-ਣ     ࠭祭 Post-Change-ਣ.
⮬    ᯮ짮 Post-Query-ਣ      ᥭ
    ࠭ 祭     .     
⬥ ᮮ⢥騥     .

⢥ ⥬: 롮ઠ ᥩ


          ᮢ p⮢
" ᮢ ᮢ" ।,  SQL*Forms ⠥ ப  
,  ࠢ ⥪饬 ᫮ ᪠.  ⮡   ᮢ
ᮢ,  ਪ ணࠬ    맢 㭪
COUNT_QUERY.

 뢠 COUNT_QUERY,  SQL*Forms ᯮ ਩ 뤥  
뤥 ᮢ ப   ⠡ .    ,  SQL*Forms
ᯮ     SELECT    ⮬,      ᯮ
    ᮡ⨨ 믮 .  ,    ᮢ  ᮢ,
  SELECT    㭪  COUNT(*)   ࠬ select_list  
ᯮ ࠧ ORDER_BY.

  ⮡ࠦ  ப  SQL*Forms(Run Form).

⢥ ⥬: COUNT_QUERY, -奬
                  COUNT_QUERY, 楤




                                    -- 56 --



         ࠡ⪠ 㭪樮쭮 
 㭪樮쭠    SQL*Forms(Run  Form)   ᮮ⢥
㭪 SQL*Forms.   ଠ  ଠ쭮 ०  㭪樮 
  ८।,  ⨥ 㭪樮쭮    뢠
ᮮ⢥  㭪.

ਬ,     [Next  Field],  SQL*Forms ࠡ뢠
㭪 NEXT_FIELD.

,  쭠  ࠡ⪠  ࠧ  ᨬ  ᫥
᫮:
     * ଠ  㧥
     * ᯨ᮪ ६ ⨢
     *    ਣ襭
     * ଠ  ०  
     * 㭪樮쭠  ⨬  ⥪饬 ⥪
     *  ᯮ㥬  । ਣ
     * । ਣ Key-Others  ᯮ㥬 

⢥ ⥬: ࠡ⪠ 㭪樮쭮 


         ⨬ 㭪樮   SQL*Forms(Run Form)

 㭪樮  ⨬    ଠ쭮  ०.  
।  㭪樮    ⨬  ०  , 
० ।,   ॢ ,   ६  ,       ᯨ᪥
६.  㪮⢮ 짮⥫ SQL*Forms  ⥪, 
    㭪樮    ⨬.    SQL*Forms(Run
Form)  ⮡ࠦ  ᨬ    ⥪ ᯨ᮪ ⨬ 㭪樮
,    [Show Keys].

砭:   㭪樮쭠   ⨬ ,    
 ⥪,  ॠ쭠 ࠡ⪠  㥪樮쭮  
ࠧ    ᨬ   ⥪.


         ன 

 ६ ࠡ⪨ SQL*Forms  室 ,   ᫠ 
祭  .  ਬ,    ஢ , SQL*Forms 室
 祭  । ⥬,  ஢  祭.  筮,
  뫠  稭    ਣ (ਬ
:ORD.ORDID:=:ITEM.ORDID),   SQL*Forms   室  祭 .

  SQL*Forms      祭  ,    ᯥࢠ ࠨ
  ᮮ⢥⢨  ७ ॡﬨ.    ⭮,  SQL*Forms
 믮 ᫥騥 ⢨     祭:
     * 㤠 ஡   祭 
     *  祭   NULL, ᫨  ᮤন  ஡
     * ਬ  ଠ 
     * 㤠 騥 㫨   ⨯ INT, MONEY, NUMBER, RINT, RNONEY,
        RNUMBER - ᫨ ᪠ ଠ    騥 㫨.
     * ᢠ ࢮ ᨬ ࠭⢮ ,  ⥪ 
        室  .

                  4       楯 ਣ஢


                                    -- 57 --



 ਣ -  ணࠬ , 믮塞  樠㥬
SQL*Forms  (Run Form).  ⥫쭮 ⢮ ⨯ ਣ஢ 
ப  ᯮ짮.  ᭮  ਬ ਣ஢:
 - ஢ઠ ࠢ쭮 ,     㤠;
 - ᫥⥫쭮 믮 ᮥ塞 ணࠬ.

  ⮩   ᭮ 楯樨  ନ ਭ  -
짮  ਣ஢.     ⭮   墠뢠 ᫥騥 ⥬:
- ⫨ ਣ஢ V3  ਣ஢  V2;
- ஢ । ਣ஢;
- 믮 ਣ.

⢥ ⥬:    ਣ஢  14-8


         ⫨ ਣ஢ V3  ਣ஢ V2

     SQL*Forms V3.0    ਣ஢:    ਣ V3

   ਣ,  ஬  ᯮ짮 몠 ணࠬ஢-
 PL/SQL.    ন SQL*Forms V3.0,  ⠪ ᥬ
᫥騬 ﬨ.

  믮    ஥஢  ਣ஢   ᯮ짮
  PL/SQL.

                         ਣ V2

      ਣ,   ᯮ짮    SQL  
SQL*Forms  ᢮ 蠣 ,   㯥  ࠭  SQL*Forms.

   ᥬ ⥫쭮 ४ ਬ  ஥஢ ਣ
  V3.  ਣ  V2 室 ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  ᮢ⨬ 
।騬 ﬨ SQL*Forms.

  ᫨   ஥஢   SQL*Forms  ।饩 ᨨ , ⮬,
 ᯮ짮 ਣ  V2 ,  ४ ஢ 
ਣ    ਣ   V3.  ᫥  ஢   ࠪ⨪
  砥  ⮬ 룮:

     - ⥪ ணࠬ  ᮤন ଠ樨, 㤭饩  ;
     - 㢥稢 த⢨ ணࠬ;
     -  ᮯ஢  ୨ ணࠬ.

⢥ ⥬:   ॢ ਣ஢  PL/SQL  B-8
                    ਣ V2                 F-1


         ஢ । ਣ஢

    ⮣,  ⮡ ਣ ࠡ⠫,  室 ᮥ   
-  ꥪ  ଥ.   ⭮   ।   ஢
,   .

ਣ । ஢ 뫠   ஢  ꥪ,    ஬
   ।  ⮫쪮  ।  ⨯ ਣ.  ਬ,  



                                    -- 58 --



। Next-Field ਣ   ஢  ,      .   ᫨
  । Next-Field  ਣ    ஢ ,   ஢ 
.

    ஢,  -  ᮪  ଠ  -  ᠬ
᮪  ஢  ।.     । ਣ  ।
஢ 娨,  ,   ।  ⢨ ਣ.

⢥ ⥬:   ਣ,  ०  D-3


          ⢨ ਣ

    ⢨ ਣ -        ,   ஬  
.   ਣ,  騩  ࠡ   ᢮ 
⢨.    ᥣ  । ஢ । ਣ  
.

   ਬ      ।  Post-Field ਣ.   ᫮, 
 ⢥砥  ஢ ,   ਣ ࠡ뢠 ⮣, 
ந室 ᮡ⨥ "室  ".

    -  ᫨  । Post-Field ਣ  ஢ ,    
   ਣ ࠡ뢠  ⮣,    ந室   室  । , 
   ஬ ਣ ᮥ.

    - ᫨  । Post-Field ਣ  ஢ ,   ਣ
   ࠡ뢠  ࠧ  室    ।     ,
     ஬     ਣ ᮥ.

   ᫨    ।    ⨯ ਣ  ᪮쪨 ஢, 
ਣ   ஢ 믮 .

  㭮 4   楯.  ५窠   ꥪ,   
 ᮥ  ਣ.   ᭥ 뢠,  ਬ
騥 ࠢ.

    1   2               3                4               5   6
                                                        
                      V                V                  
ĳĳĳĳĿ
                                                            
                  
      > ORDERS                                             
                                                             
          Order ID        Order Date             
                                                             
          Client ID   Client Name  <      
                                                              
                                                              
                    
   > ITEMS                               
                                                               
                                            V                   
      Order ID Item No. Code Act. Prior Quantity Item Total     
                                                                
                
                

                                    -- 59 --



                
                                                                
                                                                
           
      Count:  *0                                  <Replace>     
                                                                


1. Key-NEXTFIELD (஢ ). ⠥  ᥬ ﬨ   ITEMS
   ஬  Quantity.

2. Pre-Block  (஢  ).  ⠥      ORDERS, ८  
   ਣ஬  Pre-Block,   ।   ஢ .

3. Pre-Block (஢ ). ⠥     ITEMS,    ࠡ⠥ 
    ORDERS.

4. On-Validate-Field  (஢  ).  ⠥      .

5. Key-NXTBLK (஢ ).  ⠥   Client Name.
6. Key-NXTFLD  (஢ ).  ⠥      Quantity, ८  
   ਣ஬  Key-NXTFLD,  ।   ஢ .

                      4-1


         믮 ਣ஢

 ⮬ ࠧ   SQL*Forms 믮  ਣ  V3.
 墠뢠 ᫥騥 ⥬:
- 믮 ਣ  㯫 ᮡ;
- ࠡ⪠ ஢;
- १ 믮 ਣ.

⢥ ⥬:   ஢ 뢠 ਣࠬ
                    PL/SQL
                    ਣ


         믮 ਣ஢  㯫 ᮡ

ਣ  稭 ࠡ  १ 㯫 ᮡ.
ਬ:   믮  Pre-  Post-Query, ਣ
          稭 ࠡ  ६ ᮡ 㪠뢠饣    ਣ.

   冷,  ஬ ਣ 믮  ६ ᮡ, ।
᫥⥫쭮   ᮡ⨩.        砥 믮 , ਬ,
SQL*Forms   믮 ।ᠭ Pre-Query ਣ ᥣ  믮
,  ।ᠭ Post-Query ਣ  祭 .

⢥ ⥬:   -奬 ᮡ⨩  21-2


         ࠡ⪠ ஢





                                    -- 60 --



    ਣ  稭  믮,  SQL*Forms  믮 
  ਣ    浪.    ,  믮 ,
(⠪     祭 )  묨   ,
 ᫥  ⥪騬 ஬.

  ,      冷,     ஬ SQL*Forms 믮
 ᯮ    ⢫, 横  ࠡ ᪫祭 
PL/SQL.

         ࠡ⪠ SQL ஢

    㫨஢  묨  (DML)  몠   SQL 믮,
⠪,   ⨯ ਣ SQL*Forms.  ᫥騥 :
  - COMMIT
  - DELETE
  - INSERT
  - LOCK
  - ROLLBACK
  - SELECT
  - UPDATE
    ࠧ " ਣ஢" 뢠  ⨯ ஢   
४⥫   ⨯ ਣ஢.  ᫨  ࠧࠡ뢠 ਣ
  V3,  ᯮ    DML ,     ௮  ORACLE  ᮢ
᫥ ४,     㫨஢   ⨯ ਣ.
ᯮ짮 DML    ਣ  ᨭ஭஢
ﭨ      SQL*Forms        ,     맢
 ० ࠡ.

   ᠭ    (DDL)  몠  SQL  ᯮ, ⠪,  
 ਣ SQL*Forms.
ਬ砭:    ࠡ  ஢ ᠭ  PL/SQL
             User's Guide and Reference.
⢥ ⥬:    ਣ஢  14-8


         ࠡ⪠ 㯠 楤

 楤    १ 믮:
ᯥ譮, ᯥ譮  ⠫쭠 訡.

ᯥ譮   楤  ᯥ, ᫨  믮  ࠧ

ᯥ譮   楤    ᯥ譮  믮, ᫨
             믮  -   稭.  (  稭  ᠭ
            -奬   ᮡ⨩   21 "ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩".  ⨥
           ।   㯠 楤.)

⠫쭠    楤 뢠 ⠫  訡,
訡      ᫨  ᮧ   ⥬ ﭨ  out of memory 
            ਢ   訡.

⢥ ⥬:   -奬 ᮡ⨩  21-2


         ࠡ⪠ 맮 짮⥫᪨ 室

  짮⥫᪨ 室      १⮢:
ᯥ譮 믮, ᯥ譮  ⠫쭠 訡.

                                    -- 61 --



ᯥ譮    맮 짮⥫᪮ 室  ᯥ, ᫨
            짮⥫᪨ 室 믮  ࠧ.

ᯥ譮  맮 짮⥫᪮  室    ᯥ,   ᫨
            㯮   짮⥫᪨   室      襭.

⠤쭠   맮 짮⥫᪮ 室 뢠  ⠫-
訡       訡, ᫨ 짮⥫᪨ 室 頥  ᯥ譮
            襭  ⠫쭮   訡.

⢥ ⥬:   짮⥫᪨ 室  19-1


          믮 ਣ஢

ਣ   ᯥ譮  ᯥ譮  믮.  ਣ  V3
ᥣ  믮  ᯥ譮,   ᫨     訡筠  .  
    ਣ ᯥ譮 襭 - FORM_TRIGGER_FAILURE.


            ਣ

  ⮡  ⠢  ਣ    ࠡ  ᯥ譮,    ᮧ
FORM_TRIGGER_FAILURE  -  ਣ.    ।।-
  PL/SQL ᪫祭, ஥   ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  SQL*Forms.
( PL/SQL User's Guide and Reference -ଠ  ᪫祭  PL/SQL.)
 ਣ 㦤  ᪫祭,  蠥 ᯥ譮.  SQL*Forms
⠭ 믮 ਣ   ⢫ ᮮ⢥ 
ࠡ  ᫥  訡筮 樨

ਬ砭: ᫨ Post-Change ਣ  蠥  ᯥ譮   ६
ᮡ  the  Enter the Record  Fetch Records, SQL*Forms  
訡筮  ﭨ      த ࠡ,  ᫨  ਣ 
ᯥ譮 襭.

      ਣ ᯥ譮 襭, ᫨,  ⭮, -
 ਣ ਢ  ᯥ譮 襭  ⠫쭮 訡.   ਬ-
, ⨬,      Pre-Insert  ਣ,   ⠡
COUNT_REC   ७     .  ᫨ ⠡ COUNT_REC
 ,  Pre-Insert  ਣ 蠥 ᯥ譮.   ⮬ 砥
  믮,   , ⮡ ਣ 訫 ᯥ譮
⠪,  ⮡ ࠡ⪠  ࠭ ⠭.  騩 ਬ
뢠  :

UPDATE COUNT_REC
     SET COUNT_REC.NEW_RECORDS = COUNT_REC.NEW_RECORDS + 1;
IF FORM_FATAL
     THEN RAISE FORM_TRIGGER_FAILURE;
END IF;

⢥ ⥬:   -奬 ᮡ⨩  21-2


          ᡮ 権  ਣ





                                    -- 62 --



    ਣ 蠥 ᯥ譮, SQL*Forms ⠭ 믮
ਣ    ।  ࠢ    ࠡ ⥪饣 ᮡ,  ⮡
믮 ᮮ⢥ ࠡ ᫥-訡筮  ﭨ.  
⠡  뢠    ࠡ ᫥-訡筮 ﭨ
  ⨯ ਣ.

ਬ砭:   ( ᪫祭) ⮩ ࠡ⪨ ᠭ ⠫쭮 
            -奬   21 "ࠡ⪠ ᮡ⨩".


 ਣ    ᡮ 樨

Key ()         .
On-Clear-Block    .

On-Database-      .
Record

On-Delete      SQL*Forms  ⪠    , 믮
               ᮬ  ⥪饣   ࠭   (᫨   㦭)    ⠥
                  ࢮ ࠧ襭         
               ⥪饩        訡.

On-Error        .
On-Insert      筮 ਣ On-Delete.
On-Lock        ⪠  ஢.
On-Message      .
On-New-Record  訡 ᮧ . ᫨ ⥪騬 ᮡ⨥  Enter
               the Block,  SQL*Forms ⠥      
               樠樨 .

On-Remove-Record    .
On-Update          筮 ਣ On-Delete.

On-Validate-Field  訡 ஢ન ࠢ쭮 .  SQL*Forms ⠭
                   訡筮   ﭨ.

On-Validate-       訡 ஢ન ࠢ쭮 .
Record             SQL*Forms ⠭ 訡筮  ﭨ.

Post-Block         SQL*Forms ⠥ ⠭    樠-
                   樨 .

Post-Commit        訡 ⥪饩 뫪    ࠭.    SQL*Forms
                    뫠     ࠭    ࠭権.

Post-Change     砥 ᮡ the Enter the Record, SQL*Forms 
               訡筮 ﭨ    த ࠡ,    ᫨ 
               ਣ 訫 ᯥ譮.

                砥 ᮡ the Fetch Records, SQL*Forms  訡
                ﭨ    த ࠡ,    ᫨  ਣ -
               訫 ᯥ譮.

                 砥  ᮡ the Validate the Field,   SQL*Forms
               ⠭ 訡筮 ﭨ.



                                    -- 63 --



Post-Delete    筮 ਣ On-Delete.
Post-Field     筮 ਣ Post-Block.
Post-Form      筮 ਣ Post-Block.
Post-Insert    筮 ਣ On-Delete.
Post-Query     SQL*Forms ⠫ ᫥     ⠥
               ࠡ  .
Post-Record    筮 ਣ Post-Block.
Post-Update    筮 ਣ On-Delete.
Pre-Block      筮 ਣ Post-Block.
Pre-Commit     筮 ਣ Post-Commit.
Pre-Delete     筮 ਣ On-Delete.
Pre-Field      筮 ਣ Post-Block.
Pre-Form       筮 ਣ Post-Block.
Pre-Insert     筮 ਣ On-Delete.
Pre-Query      SQL*Forms ⠫  蠡  ப  ⥪饣 
Pre-Record     筮 ਣ Post-Block.
Pre-Update     筮 ਣ On-Delete.

User-Named() ࠡ⪠ ᫥訡筮 ﭨ    ⮣,  
                ࠡ 믮   ਣ  짮⥫  
                ,  ந室 ᡮ.

⢥ ⥬:   -奬 ᮡ⨩  21-2




































                                    -- 64 --
