


         5    SQL*LOADER
        

    ਬ, ᮤঠ騥  饩 ,  -
 ᮡ ࠡ ⨫ SQL*Loader.  稭 
 ਬ஢  稢  ᫮묨.  
㧪 ᫥ ꥪ⮢:
    *  ६ 
    * ᥩ 䨪஢ ଠ
    * 䠩    ᢮  ଠ   ᯮ짮 ࠧ⥫
       묨
    * ᪮쪨 䨧᪨ ᥩ   ᪮
    * ᪮쪨 ⠡
      ७஢ ᠬ, ᯮ 祡 䠩, 㪠-
   .      ਡ⨢, ᮤঠ-
饬 ⨫ SQL*Loader.

    ᠭ ਬ஢
    -----------------
    ⪮ ᠭ  ਬ:
    ਬ 1:  㧪 ᥩ ६ ,    
ࠧ 묨    祭    窨.   
ᯮ   ࠢ饣 䠩.
    ਬ 2:  㧪   䠩,  饣    ᥩ
䨪஢   䨪஢ ଠ.
    ਬ 3:  㧪 ᥩ ६ ,     -
 ࠭⥫  浪 .  ᯮ
  ࠢ饣 䠩.
    ਬ 4:   ꥤ  ᪮쪨 䨧᪨ ᥩ  
, ன ᮮ⢥  ப .
    ਬ 5:   㧪   ᪮쪮 ⠡ ࠧ ( 
ᥠ).
    ਡ⨢,  ஬ 室 ⨫ SQL*Loader,  ᮤ-
    㪠 ਬ஢      䠩:
ࠢ騩 䠩  䠩 .   䠩 뢠 CASE1.CTL 
CASE1.DAT ( ࢮ ਬ)  ..
     ਬ  ᭮  ᯮ짮 ⠭ -
樮 ⠡  ORACLE EMP  DEPT,  ਭ  짮⥫
SCOTT/TIGER; ⠡ ᠭ ᫥騬 ࠧ:

    CREATE TABLE EMP
        (EMPNO      NUMBER(4)  NOT NULL,
        ENAME       CHAR(10),
        JOB         CHAR(9),
        MGR         NUMBER(4),
        HIREDATE    DATE,
        SAL         NUMBER(7,2),
        COMM        NUMBER(7,2),
        DEPTNO      NUMBER(2))
    CREATE TABLE DEPT
        (DEPTNO     NUMBER(2),
        DNAME       CHAR(14),
        LOC         CHAR(13))

        ਬ஢  襭 來 -
㥬   ⠡   ⥫  ⮫.



                                    -- 47 --



    ਬ 1: 㧪  ६ 
    ------------------------------------------
     ⮬ ਬ  ᫥饥:
    * ଠ  ࠢ饣  䠩,  뢠饣  㦠
      ⠡  ६ ⮫栬
    * 祭      ⠢ ࠢ饣 䠩 (⢨
      ⤥쭮 䠩 )
    * 㧪   ᥩ ६ 
     ᫥  ਢ  ⨭ ᮤন ࠢ-
饣 䠩 (CASE1.CTL)  ᠬ 䠩 ;  ᯮ-
    䠩,  ᫥ .  ᮧ ࠢ-
饣 䠩    .

    1     LOAD DATA
    2     INFILE *
    3     INTO TABLE DEPT
    4     FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
    5     (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC)
    6     BEGINDATA
          12,RESEARCH,"SARATOGA"
          10,"ACCOUNTING",CLEVELAND
          11,"ART",SALEM
          13,FINANCE,"BOSTON"
          21,"SALES",PHILA.
          22,"SALES",ROCHESTER
          42,"INT'L","SAN FRAN"

    ਨ:
    1      LOAD DATA 뢠 ࠢ騩 䠩.
    2      ᮤঠ  ࠢ饬 䠩.
    3      INTO TABLE   㦠 ⠡
          (DEPT).  㬮砭 ⠡,    -
          ,   砫 ⮩.
    4      ࠧ 묨,    ⠪ -
          祭  窨.        㬮砭
          - CHAR.
    5      㦠 ⮫殢    㣫 ᪮.
    6      砫 .

     ⨫  SQL*Loader   ਬ   ந-
 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
    SQLLOAD SCOTT/TIGER CASE1.CTL
    ⮬ ࠡ ⨫ SQL*Loader  㧪  ⠡-
 DEPT  ᮧ  䠩: ॣ樮  䠩 
ᥩ (䠩  ᥩ ᮧ,    , ⢥࣠-
    㧪 -   ).
     ।⠢ ॣ樮 䠩.  ᫥  -
襭  , 饭 ᫥ 䠩;  ᠬ ॣ-
樮 䠩  .

    
    Control File:         case1.ctl
    Data File:            *
       Read Mode:         System Record
       Bad File:          case1.bad
       Discard File:      none specified



                                    -- 48 --



    Number to load:       ALL
    Number to skip:       0
    Errors allowed:       50
    Bind array:           64 rows, maximum of 65336 bytes
    Record Length:        726 (Buffer size allocated per logical
                          record)
    Continuation:         none specified

    Table DEPT, loaded from every logical record.
    Insert option in effect for this table: INSERT

          Column Name  Position  Len  Term  Encl  Datatype
          -----------  --------  ---  ----  ----  ---------
    1     DEPTNO       FIRST     *     ,    O(")  CHARACTER
          DNAME        NEXT      *     ,    O(")  CHARACTER
    2     LOC          NEXT      *    WHT   O(")  CHARACTER

    Table DEPT:
          7 Rows successfully loaded.
          0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
          0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
          0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.

    த ᫥ ...

    Space allocated for bind array:    46848 bytes (64 rows)
    Space otherwise allocated:         48084 bytes

    Total logical records skipped:           0
    Total logical records read:              0
    Total logical records rejected:          0
    Total logical records discarded:         0
    
    ਨ:
    1     ᯮ       ।
            ࠭⥫.
    2     ࠦ "WHT" 砥,   LOC 蠥 -
          ⥫쭮 ஡  (whitespace).     O(")
          㪠뢠  ,  祭    祭
           窨.

    ਬ 2: 㧪 ᥩ 䨪஢ ଠ
    -------------------------------------------------------------

    ਬ 2  ᫥饥:
    * ଠ ࠢ饣 䠩,  뢠饣 䠩   
      㦠 ⠡
    * 뤥   ⤥ 䠩
    * 䨪஢ ଠ 䠩 
     ࠢ饬  䠩 ᯮ ⮫殢  ⨯  㪠-
 .
     ᫥  ਢ  ⨭ ᮤন ࠢ-
饣 䠩 (CASE2.CTL)  ᠬ 䠩 ;  ᯮ-
    䠩,  ᫥ .  ᮧ ࠢ-
饣 䠩    .




                                    -- 49 --



    1     LOAD DATA
    2     INFILE CASE2.DAT
    3     INTO TABLE EMP
    4     (EMPNO         POSITION (01:04)    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
          ENAME          POSITION (06:15)    CHAR,
          JOB            POSITION (17:25)    CHAR,
          MGR            POSITION (27:30)    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
          SAL            POSITION (32:39)    DECIMAL EXTERNAL,
          COMM           POSITION (41:48)    DECIMAL EXTERNAL,
    5     DEPTNO         POSITION (50:51)    INTEGER EXTERNAL)

    ਨ:
    1      LOAD DATA 뢠 ࠢ騩 䠩.
    2      䠩, ᮤঠ饣 , 㪠뢠 ᫥ -
           ᫮ INFILE.
    3      INTO TABLE  㦠 ⠡.
    4      ᫥ ப  ( ப  ஬ 5 -
          ⥫쭮) ᮤন    ⮫   ᠭ ᯮ
          㦠  ⮫ 祭  䠩 .   EMPNO,
          ENAME, JOB  ..  -  ⮫殢  ⠡ EMP. 
           (INTEGER EXTERNAL, CHAR, DECIMAL EXTERNAL) ᮮ-
           ⨯  ,  ᮤঠ  -
          樮  䠩,    ,   ᮤঠ 
          ᮮ⢥ ⮫ ⠡ EMP.
    5          ,    祭  ᯥ䨪権
          ⮫殢 砥  ᪮.

     ਢ ᪮쪮 ப  䠩 CASE2.DAT.

    7782 CLARK      MANAGER   7839  2572.50          10
    7839 KING       PRESIDENT       5500.00          10
    7934 MILLER     CLERK     7782   920.00          10
    7566 JONES      MANAGER   7839  3123.75          20
    7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN  7698  1600.00   300.00 30
    7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN  7698  1312.50  1400.00 30
    7658 CHAN       ANALYST   7566  3450.00          20

    ,  ஡,  ⮬᪨  祭
"" (null).
     ⨫  SQL*Loader   ਬ   ந-
 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
    SQLLOAD SCOTT/TIGER CASE2.CTL CASE2.LOG
    ⮬ ࠡ ⨫ SQL*Loader  㧪  ⠡-
 EMP  ᮧ  䠩:  ॣ樮  䠩 
ᥩ (䠩  ᥩ ᮧ,    , ⢥࣠-
    㧪 -   ).

    樮 䠩  ᫥騩 .

    Control File:         case2.ctl
    Data File:            CASE2.DAT
    Read Mode:            System Record
    Bad File:             case2.bad
    Discard File:         none specified

    Number to load:       ALL
    Number to skip:       0
    Errors allowed:       50

                                    -- 50 --



    Bind array:           64 rows, maximum of 65336 bytes
    Record Length:        80 (Buffer size allocated per logical record)
    Continuation:         none specified

    Table EMP, loaded from every logical record.
    Insert option in effect for this table: INSERT

    Column Name    Position    Len    Term    Encl    Datatype
    -----------    --------    ---    ----    ----    ---------
    EMPNO            1:4         4                    CHARACTER
    ENAME            6:15       10                    CHARACTER
    JOB             17:25        9                    CHARACTER
    MGR             27:30        4                    CHARACTER
    SAL             32:39        8                    CHARACTER
    COMM            41:48        8                    CHARACTER
    DEPTNO          50:51        2                    CHARACTER

    Table EMP:
          20 Rows successfully loaded.
          0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
          0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
          0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.

    Space allocated for bind array:    3776 bytes (64 rows)
    Space otherwise allocated:         6740 bytes

    Total logical records skipped:           0
    Total logical records read:             20
    Total logical records rejected:          0
    Total logical records discarded:         0

    ਬ 3: 㧪 䠩  ᢮ ଠ  ᯮ짮
    ࠧ⥫  묨
    -------------------------------------------------------------

    ਬ 3  ᫥饥:
    * 㧪   ⮪ ଠ  ᯮ짮 ࠧ-
      ⥫  ⨯ -   
    * 㧪 
    * 祭 ,  㧪,  ⠢ ࠢ-
       䠩   (砫      ⬥砥   祢  ᫮
      BEGINDATA)
    * ᯮ짮  㭪樨  SEQUENCE    樨 㭨
      祭 祩, 塞  㦠 
    * ᯮ짮  祢 ᫮ APPEND,  㪠뢠饣  ,
       ⠡,    ,  㦥 ᮤ-
        砫 㧪 - ଠ
    * ᯮ짮  ࠢ饬 䠩 ਥ, 稭-
         
    ᬠਢ  ࠢ騩 䠩 믮 㧪 ⮩
 ⠡,     ਬ 2,       ६  묨  ⮫栬
(HIREDATE, PROJNO,   LOADSEQ).     樮  ⠡ EMP
⮫ PROJNO  LOADSEQ ,  ⮬ ० 祬  -
   䠩,  室 㪠 ⮫   ⠡
:
    ALTER TABLE EMP ADD (PROJNO NUMBER, LOADSEQ NUMBER)



                                    -- 51 --



     ࠢ  ਬ஬ 2   㣮  ଠ.   
祭 祭  窨, 㣨 ࠧ 묨,  -
祭  DEPTNO  PROJNO - 稥.

     ᫥  ਢ  ⨭ ᮤন ࠢ-
饣 䠩   ᠬ 䠩 ;  ᯮ  -
  䠩, ᫥ .  ᮧ ࠢ饣 䠩
   .

    1    -- Variable-length, delimited and enclosed data format
         LOAD DATA
    2    INFILE *
    3    APPEND
         INTO TABLE EMP
    4    FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
         (empno, ename, job, mgr,
    5    hiredate DATE "DD-Month-YYYY",
         sal, comm,
         deptno CHAR TERMINATED BY ':',
         projno,
    6    loadseq SEQUENCE (MAX,1))
    7    BEGINDATA
    8    7782,"Clark","Manager",7839,09-June-1981,2572.50,,10:101
         7839,"King","President",,17-November-1981,5500.00,,10:102
         7934,"Miller","Clerk",7782,23-January-1982,920.00,,10:102
         7566,"Jones","Manager",7839,02-April-1981,3123.75,,20:101
         7499,"Allen","Salesman",7698,20-February-1981,1600.00,
         (த ।饩 ப)     300.00,30:103
         7654,"Martin","Salesman",7698,28-September-1981,1312.50,
         (த ।饩 ப)     1400.00,30:103
         7658,"Chan","Analyst",7566,03-May-1982,3450,,20:101

    ਨ:
    1     ਨ        ப
          䠩,    ப .   । 
          , ஥  ᯮ    ப.
    2       ,    室   ࠢ-
          饣 䠩.
    3       ,    㦠   ⮬
          砥, ᫨ ⠡ 㦥 ᮤন - ப.
    4      㬮砭 ࠧ⥫ 祭 ଠ樮 
           ,   祭    
          祭   窨.
    5     ,  㦠   ⮫ HIREDATE,   ଠ
          DD-Month-YYYY (DD - ᫮, Month - , YYYY - ).

    6     㭪 SEQUENCE ᯮ  樨  㭨
          祭, 塞  ⮫ LOADSEQ.  㭪 -
           ᨬ쭮    ⮫ 祭   -
              ,    १ 祭
          ⮫ LOADSEQ   塞 ப.
    7       ࠢ饩 ଠ樨  砫 .
    8        ,    䨧᪠ -
            ⭠  ᪮,   -
           ⠪,     룫  -
          ⠫.   ⠪,   ᪮쪮 ப ᮤঠ
           祭  ⮫ COMM.


                                    -- 52 --



     ⨫  SQL*Loader   ਬ   ந-
 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
    SQLLOAD SCOTT/TIGER CASE3.CTL CASE3.LOG CASE3.BAD

    樮 䠩  ᫥騩 .

    Control File:         case3.ctl
    Data File:            *
    Read Mode:            System Record
    Bad File:             case3.bad
    Discard File:         none specified

    Number to load:       ALL
    Number to skip:       0
    Errors allowed:       50
    Bind array:           64 rows, maximum of 65336 bytes
    Record Length:        2182 (Buffer size allocated per logical
                          record)
    Continuation:         none specified

    Table EMP, loaded from every logical record.
    Insert option in effect for this table: APPEND

    Column Name    Position    Len    Term    Encl    Datatype
    -----------    --------    ---    ----    ----    ---------
    empno          FIRST        *       ,     O(")    CHARACTER
    ename          NEXT         *       ,     O(")    CHARACTER
    job            NEXT         *       ,     O(")    CHARACTER
    mgr            NEXT         *       ,     O(")    CHARACTER
    hiredate       NEXT         *       ,     O(")    CHARACTER
    sal            NEXT         *       ,     O(")    CHARACTER
    comm           NEXT         *       ,     O(")    CHARACTER
    deptno         NEXT         *       :     O(")    CHARACTER
    projno         NEXT         *       ,     O(")    CHARACTER
    loadseq        SEQUENCE (MAX, 1)

    Table EMP:
    7 Rows successfully loaded.
    0 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
    0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
    0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.

    Space allocated for bind array:   63800 bytes (29 rows)
    Space otherwise allocated:        64163 bytes

    Total logical records skipped:           0
    Total logical records read:              7
    Total logical records rejected:          0
    Total logical records discarded:         0

    ਬ 4:   㧪  ᪮쪨 䨧᪨ ᥩ  
    ᪮
    -------------------------------------------------------------

    ਬ 4  ᫥饥:
    * ꥤ ᪮쪨 䨧᪨ ᥩ   
    * ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮ CONTINUEIF
    * 㧪 ⥫ 祭

                                    -- 53 --



    * ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮ REPLACE,  㪠뢠饣  ,
        ,  㦠  ⠡,    
      ᮡ 
    * 㪠  䠩 ﭭ ᥩ    祢
      ᫮ DISCARDFILE
    * 㪠 孥 ࠭祭  ⢮ ᥨ -
      ᥩ   祢 ᫮ DISCARDMAX
    * 䨫 ᥩ,   騥 祭   
      㭨쭮 
    * 䨫 ᥩ, ᮤঠ ⨬ 祭
     ᫥  ਢ  ⨭ ᮤন ࠢ-
饣 䠩 (CASE4.CTL)  ᠬ 䠩 ;  ᯮ-
    䠩,  ᫥ .  ᮧ ࠢ-
饣 䠩    .

          LOAD DATA
          INFILE case4.dat
    1     DISCARDFILE case4.dis
    2     DISCARDMAX 999
    3     REPLACE
    4     CONTINUEIF THIS (1) = '*'
          INTO TABLE EMP
          (EMPNO         POSITION (01:04)    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
          ENAME          POSITION (06:15)    CHAR,
          JOB            POSITION (17:25)    CHAR,
          MGR            POSITION (27:30)    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
          SAL            POSITION (32:39)    DECIMAL EXTERNAL,
          COMM           POSITION (41:48)    DECIMAL EXTERNAL,
          DEPTNO         POSITION (50:51)    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
          HIREDATE       POSITION (52:60)    INTEGER EXTERNAL)

    ਨ:
    1       䠩 ﭭ ᥩ (CASE4.DIS).
    2      孥 ࠭祭  ⢮ ᥨ
          ᥩ (999).
    3      ⨫ SQL*Loader   ,   ᫨  ⠡
          㦥   ,   ।  㧪   ᥩ 
            㤠.
    4     ᫨    ࢮ 樨  ⥪饩  ⮨ 窠
          (*),  砥,     ᫥  䨧᪠  
               ⥪饩  ନ஢ 
          ᪮ .     ,  ࢠ
             䨧᪮   ᮤঠ 
          ,  騩 ᨬ.

     ਢ  ᮤন 䠩  CASE4.DAT.  
    ࢮ 樨      譥
 ਧ 室   ப, 騩  20-
 樨  (᫥ ᨬ "MA",  "PR"  ..).  ᫥
 㦠饣 CLARK  祭 "-10"  ⨫ SQL*Loader -
㦠  祭, ८ࠧ   ⥫쭮 ᫮.

    ᫥     ⢥࣭  砥 ਭ ᫥-
 饭.  ᫨  ⮫殬 EMPNO 易  㭨  -
,       㦠饬  CHIN 㤥 ⢥࣭,   祭
⮫ EMPNO  ⮩   ᮢ    祭  㪠



                                    -- 54 --



⮫      㦠饬 CHAN.  ᫨ ⮫ EMPNO ।
 NOT NULL,    㦠饬 CHEN 㤥 ⢥࣭ -  -
⢨ 祭   ⮫.

    *7782 CLARK      MA
     NAGER   7839  2572.50   -10    2512-NOV-85
    *7839 KING       PR
     ESIDENT       5500.00          2505-APR-83
    *7934 MILLER     CL
     ERK     7782   920.00          2508-MAY-80
    *7566 JONES      MA
     NAGER   7839  3123.75          2517-JUL-85
    *7499 ALLEN      SA
     LESMAN  7698  1600.00   300.00 25 3-JUN-84
    *7654 MARTIN     SA
     LESMAN  7698  1312.50  1400.00 2521-DEC-85
    *7658 CHAN       AN
     ALYST   7566  3450.00          2516-FEB-84
    *     CHEN       AN
     ALYST   7566  3450.00          2516-FEB-84
    *7658 CHIN       AN
     ALYST   7566  3450.00          2516-FEB-84

    樮 䠩  ᫥騩 .

    Control File:         case4.ctl
    Data File:            case4.dat
    Read Mode:            System Record
    Bad File:             case4.bad
    Discard File:         case4.dsc (Allow 999 discards)

    Number to load:       ALL
    Number to skip:       0
    Errors allowed:       50
    Bind array:           64 rows, maximum of 65336 bytes
    Record Length:        80 (Buffer size allocated per logical
                          record)
    Continuation:         1:1 = '*', in current physical record.

    Table EMP, loaded from every logical record.
    Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

    Column Name    Position    Len    Term    Encl    Datatype
    -----------    --------    ---    ----    ----    ---------
    EMPNO            1:4         4                    CHARACTER
    ENAME            6:15       10                    CHARACTER
    JOB             17:25        9                    CHARACTER
    MGR             27:30        4                    CHARACTER
    SAL             32:39        8                    CHARACTER
    COMM            41:48        8                    CHARACTER
    DEPTNO          50:51        2                    CHARACTER
    HIREDATE        52:60        9                    CHARACTER

    Rejected logical records and errors:

    Data File case4.dat -



                                    -- 55 --



    Record 8: Rejected - Error on table EMP, column EMPNO.
    ORA-01400: mandatory (NOT NULL)  column is  missing  or  NULL
    during insert
    Record 9: Rejected - Error on table EMP.
    ORA-00001: duplicate key in index

    த ᫥ ...

    Table EMP:
          7 Rows successfully loaded.
          2 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
          0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were failed.
          0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.

    Space allocated for bind array:    4480 bytes (64 rows)
    Space otherwise allocated:         6740 bytes

    Total logical records skipped:           0
    Total logical records read:              9
    Total logical records rejected:          2
    Total logical records discarded:         0

     ਢ 䠩  ᥩ, 騩  ᥩ 8 
9. ( ﭭ ᥩ .)

    *     CHEN       AN
     ALYST   7566  3450.00          2516-FEB-84
    *7658 CHIN       AN
     ALYST   7566  3450.00          2516-FEB-84


    ਬ 5: 㧪   ᪮쪮 ⠡
    --------------------------------------------

    ਬ 5  ᫥饥:
    * 㧪  ⠡ (EMP  PROJ)
    * ᯮ짮 ⨫ SQL*Loader  ࠧ -
       㯯  㧪   ଠ ⠡.   (
        䠩   ᪮쪮 ப .)
    * 祭 ᪮쪨 ᪨ ᥩ    䨧᪮
    * 㧪   ⮣    ᪮쪮 ⠡
    * ᯮ짮 । WHEN
     ᫥  ਢ  ⨭ ᮤন ࠢ-
饣 䠩   ᠬ 䠩 ;  ᯮ  -
  䠩, ᫥ .  ᮧ ࠢ饣 䠩
   .

          -- Loads EMP records from first 23 characters
          -- Creates and loads PROJ records for each PROJNO
          -- listed for each employee

          LOAD DATA
          INFILE CASE5.DAT
          BADFILE CASE5.BAD
          DISCARDFILE CASE5.DSC
    1     REPLACE



                                    -- 56 --



    2     INTO TABLE EMP
          (EMPNO  POSITION (1:4)    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
          ENAME   POSITION (6:15)   CHAR,
          DEPTNO  POSITION (17:18)  CHAR,
          MGR     POSITION (20:23)  INTEGER EXTERNAL)

    2     INTO TABLE PROJ
          -- PROJ has two columns, both not null: EMPNO and
          -- PROJNO
    3     WHEN PROJNO != '   '
          (EMPNO  POSITION (1:4)    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
    3     PROJNO  POSITION (25:27)  INTEGER EXTERNAL) -- 1st proj
    த ᫥ ...

    2     INTO TABLE PROJ
    4     WHEN PROJNO != '   '
          (EMPNO  POSITION (1:4)    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
    4     PROJNO  POSITION (29:31)  INTEGER EXTERNAL) -- 2nd proj

    2     INTO TABLE PROJ
    5     WHEN PROJNO != '   '
          (EMPNO  POSITION (1:4)    INTEGER EXTERNAL,
    5     PROJNO  POSITION (33:35)  INTEGER EXTERNAL) -- 3rd proj

    ਨ:
    1       ,  ᫨  ⠡ (EMP  PROJ),  -
           । 㦠 ,   㦥    -
          - ଠ,  ᫥ 㤠.
    2      㧪  ⠡, EMP  PROJ, ᯮ  -
          ᪮쪮 । INTO.  㧪   ⠡
          PROJ      ᥩ 䠪᪨ ࠡ뢠-
           ਦ  ᯮ짮 ࠧ 権 -
          뢠 ⮫殢.
    3     ᯮ짮 । WHEN  㧪 ⮫쪮  
          ப,  ᮤঠ ⮥ 祭  ஥-
           (projno).  ᫨  ஥ 室   
          25-  27-, ப   ⠡ PROJ ⮫쪮 
          ⮬ 砥,  ᫨     騥 ᨬ.
    4     ᫨  ஥ 室    29-  31-,
          ப   ⠡ PROJ ⮫쪮   ⮬  砥,
          ᫨     騥 ᨬ.
    5     ᫨  ஥ 室    33-  35-,
          ப   ⠡ PROJ ⮫쪮   ⮬  砥,
          ᫨     騥 ᨬ.
       ਬ 5  ᫥騩 :

    1234 BAKER      10 9999 101 102 103
    1234 JOKER      10 9999 777 888 999
    2664 YOUNG      20 2893 425 abc 102
    5321 OTOOLE     10 9999 321  55  40
    2134 FARMER     20 4555 236 456
    2414 LITTLE     20 5634 236 456  40
    6542 LEE        10 4532 102 321  14
    2849 EDDS       xx 4555     294  40
    4532 PERKINS    10 9999  40
    1244 HUNT       11 3452 665 133 456
    123  DOOLITTLE  12 9940         132
    1453 MACDONALD  25 5532     200

                                    -- 57 --



樮 䠩   ਬ  ᫥騩 :

    Control File:         case5.ctl
    Data File:            CASE5.DAT
    Read Mode:            System Record
    Bad File:             CASE5.BAD
    Discard File:         CASE5.DSC (Allow all discards)

    Number to load:       ALL
    Number to skip:       0
    Errors allowed:       50
    Bind array:           64 rows, maximum of 65336 bytes
    Record Length:        80 (Buffer size allocated per logical record)
    Continuation:         none specified

    Table EMP, loaded from every logical record.
    Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

    Column Name    Position    Len    Term    Encl    Datatype
    -----------    --------    ---    ----    ----    ---------
    EMPNO            1:4         4                    CHARACTER
    ENAME            6:15       10                    CHARACTER
    DEPTNO          17:18        2                    CHARACTER
    MGR             20:23        4                    CHARACTER

    Table PROJ, loaded when PROJNO != '   '
    Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

    Column Name    Position    Len    Term    Encl    Datatype
    -----------    --------    ---    ----    ----    ---------
    EMPNO            1:4         4                    CHARACTER
    PROJNO          25:27        3                    CHARACTER

    Table PROJ, loaded when PROJNO != '   '
    Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

    Column Name    Position    Len    Term    Encl    Datatype
    -----------    --------    ---    ----    ----    ---------
    EMPNO            1:4         4                    CHARACTER
    PROJNO          29:31        3                    CHARACTER

    த ᫥ ...

    Table PROJ, loaded when PROJNO != '   '
    Insert option in effect for this table: REPLACE

    Column Name    Position    Len    Term    Encl    Datatype
    -----------    --------    ---    ----    ----    ---------
    EMPNO            1:4         4                    CHARACTER
    PROJNO          33:35        3                    CHARACTER

          Rejected records and errors:

          Data File CASE5.DAT -

    1     Record 2: Rejected - Error on table EMP.
    1        ORA-00001: duplicate key in index
    1     Record 8: Rejected - Error on table EMP, column DEPTNO.

                                    -- 58 --



    1        ORA-01722: invalid number
    1     Record 3: Rejected - Error on table PROJ, column PROJNO.
    1        ORA-01722: invalid number

          Table EMP:
    2        9 Rows successfully loaded.
    2        3 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
    2        0 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were
               failed.
    2        0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.

          Table PROJ:
    3        7 Rows successfully loaded.
    3        2 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
    3        3 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were
               failed.
    3        0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.

          Table PROJ:
    4        7 Rows successfully loaded.
    4        3 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
    4        2 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were
               failed.
    4        0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.

          Table PROJ:
    5        6 Rows successfully loaded.
    5        3 Rows not loaded due to data errors.
    5        3 Rows not loaded because all WHEN clauses were
               failed.
    5        0 Rows not loaded because all fields were null.

    த ᫥ ...

    Space allocated for bind array:    3904 bytes (64 rows)
    Space otherwise allocated:         7568 bytes

    Total logical records skipped:           0
    Total logical records read:             12
    Total logical records rejected:          3
    Total logical records discarded:         0

    ਨ:
    1      १ ୮ ࠡ⪨ ᥩ, 訡 -
             ⮩ ᫥⥫쭮,   ன 䨧᪨
           ᯮ  䠩 . ⢥⢥  
          䠩     ﭭ ᥩ  訡 ப
            ⮬  浪,   ஬    
          ॣ樮 䠩.
    2     3  12 ᥩ    ⢥࣭묨  ( 㦠
          JOKER, YOUNG  EDDS). , ᮤঠ騥   -
          ,    .
    3     ,  㪠  । WHEN, 㤮⢮
           ᥩ,    ( 㦠 JOKER   YOUNG)
          ⢥࣭ - 訡  .
    4     ,  㪠  । WHEN, 㤮⢮
           ᥩ,    ( 㦠 JOKER,  YOUNG 
          EDDS) ⢥࣭ - 訡  .

                                    -- 59 --



    5     ,  㪠  । WHEN, 㤮⢮
           ᥩ,    ( 㦠 JOKER,  YOUNG 
          EDDS) ⢥࣭ - 訡  .

     ࠡ ⨫:

    SQL> select empno, ename, mgr, deptno from emp;

    EMPNO     ENAME           MGR           DEPTNO
    1234      BAKER           9999             10
    5321      OTOOLE          9999             10
    2134      FARMER          4555             20
    2414      LITTLE          5634             20
    6542      LEE             4532             10
    4532      PERKINS         9999             10
    1244      HUNT            3452             11
    123       DOOLITTLE       9940             12
    1453      MACDONALD       5532             25

    SQL> select * from proj order by empno;
               EMPNO          PROJNO
                  123          132
                 1234          101
                 1234          103
                 1234          102
                 1244          665
                 1244          456
                 1244          133
                 1453          200
                 2134          236
                 2134          456
                 2414          236
                 2414          456
                 2414           40
                 4532           40
                 5321          321
                 5321           40
                 5321           55
                 6542          102
                 6542           14
                 6542          321


















                                    -- 60 --



     6    
    

         ᬠਢ   ⨫ SQL*Loader 
  SQLLOAD  ࠧ 㬥  ⮩  .   
᫥  㦤 ᫥騥 :
    *  SQLLOAD
    * ᨭ⠪  ப
    * 㬥  ப
    * ࠬ OPTIONS
    * ᮮ饭 ⨫ SQL*Loader

     SQLLOAD
    ---------------
    ⨫ SQL*Loader   ᪠      믮   
SQLLOAD, 饩 ࠧ 㬥. ᫨  ᯮ 
SQLLOAD  㬥⮢,   ࠭ 㤥 뤠 ᯨ᮪ 㬥⮢ 
 ⪨ ᠭ  祭ﬨ   㬮砭.   (  
㬮砭   ⨯ 樮 ⥬, ⮬  
ᥣ   㬮砭, ਭ  襩 樮 -
⥬.)  ਢ  ਬ  㬮砭,   -
騥  ⨯ 樮 ⥬.

SQLLOAD
Usage: SQLLOAD keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]

Valid Keywords:

    userid -- ORACLE username/password
   control -- Control file name
       log -- Log file name
       bad -- Bad file name
      data -- Data file name
   discard -- Discard file name
discardmax -- Number of discards to allow        (Default all)
      skip -- Number of logical records to skip  (Default 0)
      load -- Number of logical records to load  (Default all)
    errors -- Number of errors to allow          (Default 50)
      rows -- Number of rows in bind array       (Default 64)
  bindsize -- Size of bind array in bytes        (Default nnnnn)
    silent -- Suppress messages during run (header, feedback, errors, discards)

    ᫥ ᠬ   ᫥  㬥⮢,  
 ࠧ  ᮡ 묨. 㬥  㪠뢠
 ᯮᮡ:
    *  ந쭮 浪,  ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮
    *  ࠭ ⠭ 浪,  祢 ᫮
    , ਬ,   ᫥騥  ப  -
묨:

    SQLLOAD CONTROL=foo.ctl,LOG=bar.log,BAD=baz.bad,DATA=etc.dat,
    USERID=scott/tiger,ERRORS=999,LOAD=2000,DISCARD=toss.dis,
    DISCARDMAX=5

    SQLLOAD scott/tiger, foo.ctl, bar.log, baz.bad, etc.dat,
    toss.dis, 5, 0, 2000, 999



                                    -- 61 --



       樮 㬥⮢    짮-
, ⠪   짮 祢묨 ᫮.   ࠧ, ᫥-
  ப  ⨬:

    SQLLOAD jane/pride, jobctl.ctl, DISCARD=jobctl.dis, SKIP=1000
 ⠪ :

    SQLLOAD SKIP=1000, jane/pride, jobctl.ctl, DISCARD=jobctl.dis

    㬥  ப
    --------------------------

    ᠭ 㬥⮢  ப SQL*Loader:

祢 ᫮    祭                   ப

USERID            䨪 짮⥫         1
     ⮬ 㬥 㪠뢠  짮⥫       -
஫. ᫨ 㬥 饭,  ⨫   祭.  ᫨
㪠 ⮫쪮 ᨬ  ,   㬮砭  ਭ
  ஫,   묨 짮⥫ ॣ஢  -
.  㧪   㤠   ᯮ짮  ᯥ-
䨪 , ਭ  SQL*Net.

CONTROL           ࠢ騩 䠩                   2
     ⮬ 㬥 㪠뢠  ࠢ饣 䠩, 뢠-
饣 ᫮  㧪 .  ᫨ ७  䠩 (⨯
䠩)  㪠,   㬮砭 ਭ ७ CTL. ᫨
㬥 饭, ⨫   祭.


LOG               樮 䠩               3
     ⮬ 㬥 㪠뢠  ॣ樮 䠩,  -
 㤥 ᮧ ⨫⮩  ࠭ ଠ樨  室 -
㧪. ᫨  䠩  㪠,   㬮砭  㤥  ᯮ짮-
   ࠢ饣 䠩.  ᫨ ७  䠩 (⨯
䠩)  㪠,  㬮砭 ਭ ७ LOG.

BAD                 ᥩ                4
     ⮬ 㬥 㪠뢠  䠩  ᥩ, ᮧ-
 ⨫⮩    ᥩ,   㧪 -
 㦨   訡,     ,     
ଠ. ᫨   䠩  㪠,   㬮砭 㤥 ᯮ짮-
   ࠢ饣 䠩.  ᫨ ७  䠩 (⨯
䠩)   㪠,  㬮砭 ਭ ७ BAD. -
 ⮣ 䠩 ᮢ  ଠ⮬ 䠩 ,  ⮬ ᫥
।஢  ᥭ  室   ⢥࣭
࠭     㦥   ᯮ짮 ⮣ 
ᠬ ࠢ饣 䠩.

DATA                                       5
     ⮬ 㬥 㪠뢠  䠩,  ᮤন -
㦠 .  ᫨  䠩  㪠,   㬮砭  㤥
ᯮ짮  ࠢ饣 䠩. ᫨ ७  䠩-
 (⨯ 䠩)   㪠,   㬮砭 ਭ  ७
DAT.   ᯮ   ࠢ饬 䠩.



                                    -- 62 --



祢 ᫮    祭                   ப

DISCARD            ﭭ ᥩ             6
     ⮬  㬥 㪠뢠  易⥫쭮 䠩 -
ﭭ ᥩ, ᮧ ⨫⮩    ᥩ,
     ,   䠩  ᥩ. ᫨ 
䠩  㪠,  㬮砭 㤥 ᯮ짮  ࠢ-
饣 䠩.  ᫨ ७  䠩 (⨯ 䠩)   㪠,
 㬮砭 ਭ ७ DSC.  ଠ ⮣ 䠩 ᮢ-
    ଠ⮬ 䠩 ,  ⮬ ᫥ ।஢ 
ᥭ  室  ﭭ ࠭   
 㦥   ᯮ짮 ⮣  ᠬ ࠢ饣
䠩.

DISCARDMAX        ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ᥨ     7
                  ᥩ
     ⮬ 㬥 㪠뢠 ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ᥩ,  -
ᥢ   ਢ  襭 ࠡ ⨫.  㬮砭
⢮ ᥨ ᥩ  ࠭稢.  ⮣, ⮡
⠭  ࢮ 㦥  , ᫥ 㪠-
 㫥 祭.

SKIP              ⢮ ய᪠ ᥩ    8
     ⮬  㬥  㪠뢠 ⢮ ᪨ ᥩ,
ய᪠  㧪  砫 䠩 .   㬮砭 
   ய᪠.

LOAD              ⢮ 㦠 ᥩ     9
     ⮬ 㬥 㪠뢠 ᨬ쭮 ⢮ -
 ᥩ, ஥   㦥   ᥠ (᫥
ய᪠ ᥩ,  ⢮  㪠  ।饬  -
).   㬮砭  㧪    .  ᫨ 㤥
㦥 襥 ⢮ ᥩ,  祬 㪠    㬥,
訡  ந.

ERRORS            ⨬ ⢮ 訡       10
     ⮬ 㬥 㪠뢠 ᨬ쭮-⨬ -
 訡,     ਢ  襭 ࠡ
⨫.  㬮砭 ᪠   50 訡.    ⮣,
⮡ ४ ࠡ   ࢮ  訡,  -
⢥ 祭 㬥 ᫥ 㪠  0.   ⮡  ࠡ
 䠩 ,    ᮤঠ饥   ⢮ -
,  ⢥ 祭 㬥 ᫥ ᯮ짮 --
 祭 讥 ᫮.

祢 ᫮    祭                   ப

ROWS              ᫮ ப  易 ᨢ    11
     ⮬  㬥 㪠뢠 ⢮ ப,  ६
頥   । 믮 ⠢   ॣ-
   . 祭  㬮砭 ࠢ 64.

BINDSIZE          ᨬ ࠧ 易     12
                  ᨢ  
     ⮬  㬥  㪠뢠 ᨬ ࠧ 易
ᨢ  . 祭 㬥 ⬥ 㬮砭  ࠧ
ᨢ (饥  ⨯ ⥬)    祭, ஥ 
 ᫥  ᭮ ।饣 㬥.

                                    -- 63 --



SILENT             ⭮ 裡               13
    祭ﬨ ⮣ 㬥   ᫥騥 祢 ᫮-
,  ᯮ  :

HEADER             ⨫ SQL*Loader
FEEDBACK            ᮮ饭  ⨦ 窨 ॣ-
                  樨   
ERRORS            祭  ॣ樮 䠩  ,
                   㧪 ன   訡  ORACLE
                  ( ⮬  ᮮ饭    ⢥ ⢥࣭
                  ᥩ ⠥)
DISCARDS          祭  ॣ樮 䠩  ,
                  饭  䠩 ﭭ ᥩ
ALL               ᥣ 襯᫥

    ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮ OPTIONS
    -------------------------------------

    ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮ OPTIONS    ⮬  -
砥, ᫨  ⭮ 㦠     ⥬  -
஬ 権, १砩 㤫騬  ப,   楫
 ६  맮 ⨫ SQL*Loader.
    祢 ᫮ OPTIONS  㪠뢠  㬥-
    ப,   ࠢ饬 䠩.  ⠪ 㬥-
⠬ ⭮:
    SKIP = n
    LOAD = n
    ERRORS = n
    ROWS = n
    BINDSIZE = n
    SILENT = {HEADER  FEEDBACK  ERROR  DISCARDS  ALL}
    ਬ:
    OPTIONS (BINDSIZE=100000, SILENT=FEEDBACK)
    祭 㬥⮢,  㪠  ࠢ饬 䠩  
祢 ᫮ OPTIONS,  ⬥ ᮮ⢥騥 祭, 㪠-
   ப.

    饭, 頥 ⨫⮩ SQL*Loader
    -------------------------------------------

     ६ ࠡ ⨫ SQL*Loader 뤠  ࠧ  ᮮ-
, ਬ:
SQL*Loader: Version 1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 24 15:07:23 1988
Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1979, 1988. All rights reserved

Commit point reached - logical record count 20

        ᮮ饭  訡, ਬ:
SQL*Loader: Version 1.0 - Production on Wed Feb 24 15:07:23 1988
Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1979, 1988. All rights reserved

SQL*Loader-641: Non-recoverable ORACLE error occurred
ORA-00904: invalid column name
Error occurred on SQL insert statement for table EMP
Your use of column LOADSEQ is possibly in error




                                    -- 64 --



    饭  訡 ⠪   ॣ樮 䠩.
 ஡   ᮮ饭 .  ਫ B.
    뢮  ⨫     ,  -
   ப  SILENT:
    SILENT=(HEADER, FEEDBACK)

     7    
    
           ᬠਢ      㧪   
SQL*Loader, ᯮ㥬  ᠭ ࠢ 䠩. ਬ-
 ࠢ  䠩  .    5.  ।  㦤
᫥騥 :
    * ᮧ ࠢ饣 䠩
    * ᨭ⠪  LOAD DATA
    * ᠭ 䠩 
    * ᠭ ⠡  ⮫殢
    * 㪠 砫 㦠 

     ࠢ饣 䠩
    ---------------------------
    ࠢ騩 䠩 ᮤন  ᥡ ଠ:
    *   ⮭宦 㦠 ,   䠩
         祢 ᫮ INFILE  ⬥  砫
      㦠   ᠬ ࠢ饬 䠩   -
      祢 ᫮ BEGINDATA.  ᫨    㪠 祢
      ᫮  ᯮ, ।,   ᯮ-
        䠩,  ண ᮤন   ப.
    *   ⠡,    㤥 ந 㧪
       (砫 ⮩ ଠ樨 ⬥砥  祢  ᫮ INTO TABLE)
    *  ᮮ⢥⢨  䠩  ⮫栬    ⠡
      ( ଠ 뢠    LOAD DATA)
    ᭮ ࠢ ᠭ ࠢ饣 䠩:
    *    "᢮ ଠ".  㣨 ᫮, ।-
      , ⠢騥 ,   室   ப
       , ࠧ뢠   .
    *  ᠭ 䠩  ᯮ짮  , ⠪
        㪢.  㪢   祭, ᫨ ⮫-
       ப  祭  窨.
    * 砫  ਥ  ⥪ ⬥砥  .  
      ᫥⥫쭮 ᨬ      
      ப;   ⠢  ᫥      ப  ⨫
      SQL*Loader 㤥 ஢.  ਨ   -
         ᠬ  ( 䠩    ࠢ-
      饬 䠩); ᫨     ,   
      㤥 ⮫   .
    * ᫨  ⢥  ⠡  ⮫殢    ॢ
      ᯮ짮 ᫮,  १ࢨ஢ ⨫⮩ SQL*Loader,
        ⮬ ᫥    窨.  ( -
      祭 ᫮, १ࢨ஢  ᯮ짮 ⨫⮩ SQL
      *Loader, ਢ  ਫ D.)

    ⠪  LOAD DATA
    -----------------------------

    ࠢ騩 䠩 筮 뢠 ࠧ LOAD DATA,   -
ன ᫥ ᪮쪮 ࠧ, ࠪਧ 㦠 .
( ࠧ  LOAD DATA  ᯮ ⮫쪮 ࠧ OPTIONS
 ਨ.)

                                    -- 65 --



     ᨭ⠪  LOAD DATA:

OPTIONS (ࠬ)

LOAD [DATA]
[{INFILEINDDN} {_䠩 * }
 {STREAMRECORDFIXED  [BLOCKSIZE ࠧ]VARIABLE [] ]
[{BADFILEBADDN} _䠩 ]
[{DISCARDFILEDISCARDDN} _䠩 ]
[{DISCARDSDISCARDMAX} n ]

[{INDDNINFILE} ...]

[APPENDREPLACEINSERT]
[RECLEN n ]
[{CONCATENATE n CONTINUEIF {[THISNEXT] (砫[:]) 
  LAST}  {'ᨬ쭠_ப'X'⭠筠_ப'}}]
INTO TABLE _⠡
  [APPENDREPLACEINSERT]
  [WHEN ﭨ_ [AND ﭨ_ ...]]
  [FIELDS [ᯥ䨪_࠭⥫]]
  (
    _⮫
    {
      RECNUM 
      CONSTANT 祭 
      SEQUENCE ({ n  MAX  COUNT} [, 饭]) 
      [POSITION ({砫[:] * [+n] })] ᠭ_⨯_
       [NULLIF ﭨ_]
       [DEFAULTIF ﭨ_]
    }
    [ ,... ]
  )
[INTO TABLE ... ]

[BEGINDATA]

     ᨭ⠪

    樨
    襭 樨, 易  ࠢ⢮  ࠢ⢮:
    =    !=    =    <>

    ࠬ
    蠥  ᫥ ࠬ஢:
    LOAD  SKIP  ERRORS  ROWS  BINDSIZE  SILENT
     ࠬ  ᯮ짮   樨. ଠ
 ࠬ஢ ᫥騩:
    OPTIONS ( ROWS=200  SILENT= (HEADER,FEEDBACK) )
        ,   㪠  ࠧ OPTIONS -
 SILENT=HEADER  㤥   १;   ⮬
   ⨫  㦥 㤥 뢥  ࠭.  
  ᫥ ந   ப.

    ﭨ_
    ﭨ  㪠뢠 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
    { ( 砫 [: ] )  _⮫ } 


                                    -- 66 --



        {'ᨬ쭠_ப'  X'⭠筠_ப' }
    ਬ砭: 'ᨬ쭠_ப'   '⭠筠_ப'
  祭   ,    窨.

    ᠭ_⨯_
  뢠     ᫥ 祢  ᫮:
    CHAR [ (  ) ] [ ᯥ䨪_࠭⥫ ]
    DATE [ (  ) ] [ ᪠ ] [ ᯥ䨪_࠭⥫ ]
    VARCHAR [ (  ) ]
    SMALLINT
    DOUBLE
    GRAPHIC [EXTERNAL] [ () ]
    {INTEGER  FLOAT  DECIMAL} EXTERNAL [ (  ) ]
    INTEGER [ (  ) ]
    FLOAT [ (  ) ]
    DECIMAL ( ࠧ來 [,筮] )
    VARGRAPHIC [ (  ) ]

    䨪_࠭⥫
    ࠭⥫  뢠 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
    [ TERMINATED [ BY ] { WHITESPACE  [X] 'ᨬ' } ]
        [ [ OPTIONALLY ] ENCLOSED [ BY ] [X] 'ᨬ' ]
    ਬ砭: 祭 ६ 'ᨬ'    
     窨.  ᫨ ᯮ ଠ X'ᨬ-
', 祭 ⮩ ६       ᨬ-
-࠭⥫  ⠭ ASCII,  㪠  ⭠筮
ଠ. 祢 ᫮ TERMINATED    ०  祢
᫮ ENCLOSED.

    ᠭ 䠩 
    ----------------------
    ⮡   䠩 , 㪠  䠩 ( -
⢥饬 )      砥 室 ० ⥭
䠩.   ᪮쪨 । INFILE    
᪮쪮 䠩.

     䠩

    , ᮤঠ騩 㦠 ,  뢠    
祢 ᫮  INFILE    INDDN,  ᫥  㪠뢠 
䠩  ० ⥭.   䠩,  㪠   ।,
 ᮡ   ,  ஥ 뫮 㪠   ப.
᫨  䠩  㪠,   㬮砭  ⢥    䠩
 ᯮ  ࠢ饣 䠩  ७ DAT. -
   ᮤঠ  ᠬ ࠢ饬 䠩,    
䠩 ᫥ 㪠 "*".
    { INFILE  INDDN }   { _䠩  * }
:

INFILE        ᯮ짮    祢 ᫮.
INDDN

_䠩        䠩, ᮤঠ饣 㦠 .  
                㪠뢠  ,  ⨬  襩 -
                樮 ⥬.    祭  -
                 窨.  ᫨  䠩 ᮤন ஡ 
                 㭪樨 (稥,  ਬ),  -


                                    -- 67 --



                ⥫쭮 㦭    窨.  ᫨
                 㦥 ᮤন  窨,  ᯮ짮-
                 .

*               ᯮ   䠩  㪠  -
                ,   ᮤঠ  ࠢ饬 䠩.

     ⥭ 䠩

    ⥫쭮  㪠뢠 ० ⥭ 䠩.   -
 । 冷  䠩   롮ન 䨧᪨
ᥩ.   ०      ⢨
 ORACLE  ࠧ묨 樮묨 ⥬.

STREAM  RECORD  FIXED  [BLOCKSIZE ࠧ] VARIABLE []
:

STREAM            ࠪ  ᫥⥫ ⮪
                ⮢.  뢠  . ᪨
                 ࠧ  ਧ  室   ப.

RECORD          祭  㬮砭. 砥,  ⨫ SQL*
                Loader   ᯮ짮 ०,  ਭ -
                ⥬ ࠢ 䠩,  室饩    ⠢
                襩 樮 ⥬.  RECORD 
                ⢥ ०,  ᪠騬  ᯮ짮
                "*"   䠩.   ࠧ, ᫨ -
                 室  ࠢ饬 䠩,  ०  ⥭
                䠩   㪠뢠.

FIXED      ᪨    䨪஢ . -
                  ࠧ  १ ⥭  䠩-
                 ।  ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢ 㪠
                .    ,   FIXED  
                ⭮襭  ଠ 䨧᪮ ;  -
                   ᢮ ଠ. ᫨  -
                㦠 ।⢥  ,  㪠뢠
                ࠧ  (BLOCKSIZE).

VARIABLE          ᮤন    . -
[]          ⠥ ᫥騬 ࠧ: ᭠砫 뢠-
                 ,  ⥬ 㪠   ᫮  .
                  , ᮤঠ騥 ,  ᬠ-
                   ᠬ .  祭, 㪠-
                  ࠬ VARIABLE, । ᨬ쭮-
                ⨬ ,  ᯮ㥬  楫 ⨬-
                樨 ୮ ࠡ⪨. ᫨  祭 
                㪠,      뤥  8  
                ( ࠧ  ॢ  , -
                騥  襩 ⥬).

ਬ砭:      ᫥  ० ন
   ⥬.   ⮬  ᫨  ⥬  ।⢠
ࠢ ﬨ, ० RECORD ᮢ  ० STREAM.

    ᠭ ᪮쪨 䠩 



                                    -- 68 --



     砥  㧪     ᪮쪨 䠩 ࠧ 
䠩 뢠 ⤥ ஬ INFILE.    ⥭  
 䠩   ᢮:   - STREAM,  㣮 -
FIXED,  ⨩ 䠩, ᮤঠ騩 ,    ࠢ騬.

      䠩   ⠪  易   䠩:
䠩 ﭭ  ᥩ  䠩  ᥩ.    䠩
ਢ ᫥  䠩 .  ᫥饬 ࠣ ࠢ-
饣 䠩 ᮤন ᠭ  䠩 :

    INFILE mydat1.dat  BADFILE mydat1.bad  DISCARDFILE mydat1.dis
    INFILE mydat2.dat
    INFILE mydat3.dat  DISCARDFILE mydat3.dis
    INFILE mydat4.dat  DISCARDMAX 10

    ᪮  ࢮ 䠩  (MYDAT1.DAT)  䠩 
 ﭭ  ᥩ 㪠 ,   䠩  ᮧ.  
ண 䠩  (MYDAT2.DAT)  ,  㣮 䠩  
㪠, ⮬ 㤥 ᮧ ⮫쪮 䠩  ᥩ  
 ७, ࠭묨  㬮砭.  쥬 砥  䠩-
  ᮧ:  䠩 ﭭ ᥩ,   㪠 , 
䠩  ᥩ -  㬮砭.
     ⢥⮬ 砥 (䠩  MYDAT4.DAT) 㤥 ᮧ 䠩
 ᥩ  ᯥ䨪樥  㬮砭 ,  ᪮ 㪠
ࠬ DISCARDMAX,   ⨫ SQL*Loader ।,   䠩
ﭭ ᥩ ⮦ 㦥  ᮧ      㬮砭
(MYDAT4.DSC).

    ਬ ᠭ 䠩 

 ࢮ ਬ 㪠,    室  ᠬ ࠢ饬 䠩:

    INFILE *

     ᫥饬 ਬ 㪠,    室   䠩  
 WHIRL, 饬 ७  㬮砭 (DAT):

    INFILE WHIRL

     㪠,       ᯮ   䠩  
TEST3.DAT  ⮪ ଠ:

    INFILE TEST3.DAT  STREAM

     ᫥饬 ਬ 㪠,    室   䠩  
 JULYREV.MJB, 饬  ᥩ 䨪஢ :

    INFILE "JULYREV.MJB"

     ,  ஡㥬 㪠,   室  -
 䠩   DAT0787.DAT,  饬  ᥩ 䨪஢-
 , ꥤ   ࠧ஬ 1 :

    INDDN "DAT0787.DAT"  FIXED 80  BLOCKSIZE 1024

    ᠭ 䠩  ᥩ
    -----------------------------
     ६ ᢮ ࠡ ⨫ SQL*Loader ᮧ 䠩,   -

                                    -- 69 --



 頥 , 騥 訡 ଠ஢  뢠-
騥 訡  ࠡ  ORACLE.     ⮣  䠩
 ᯮ짮  祢 ᫮ BADFILE  BADDN.  ᫨ 
 㪠,  䠩 ᢠ  䠩      ७
BAD.    䠩  ᥩ  ࠢ饬 䠩 -
 筮 㪠, ᤥ ࠭   ப.

     ⥭,  ଠ   ᠬ  䠩    ᥩ
ᮢ  ० ⥭  묨 ଠ⠬ 䠩 .
᫨ 䠩  ᥩ  㪠  㦥 ,  -
ᨬ  ⨯ 樮 ⥬   ९뢠 -
,  ᮧ   .

    [BADFILE  BADDN] ᯥ䨪_䠩
:

BADFILE       ᯮ짮    祢 ᫮.
BADDN

ᯥ䨪_    ⨬  䠩, ।祭  
䠩           ࠭ ⢥࣭ ᥩ.

      ᥩ ᮧ ᥣ,   ᫨     
ᥩ  㤥 ⢥࣭.

    ਬ ᠭ 䠩  ᥩ

     ࢮ  ਬ  㪠,   䠩  ᥩ  
UGH  ७  㬮砭 (BAD):

    BADFILE UGH

     ᫥饬 ਬ 㪠,  䠩  ᥩ  
BAD0001  ७ REJ:

    BADDN BAD0001.REJ

    ᠭ 䠩 ﭭ ᥩ
    --------------------------------
     ६ ᢮ ࠡ ⨫ SQL*Loader  ᮧ  䠩,
  㤥  ,   㤮⢮騥   
᫮ 䨫樨.   ..  ﭭ ,  ᮢ騥 
⢥࣭묨.
    稥 - ୮ ଠ樨  ⠪ த  
ᮢᥬ  易⥫쭮.      㤮⢮ 
ਥ,  ।ﬨ WHEN   㦠  .
᫨  -⠪     ⠡ (  砥
 ᫮ ⢥࣭ - 訡  ),    ⠥ ﭭ.
     ﭭ ᥩ ᮧ  襬 .
     ⮣,  ⮡ ᮧ 䠩 ﭭ ᥩ,  ᯮ
  ᫥ ࠬ஢:
     ࠢ饬 䠩                  ப
    
    DISCARDFILE _䠩              DISCARD
    DISCARDDN _䠩                DISCARDMAX
    DISCARDS
    DISCARDMAX


                                    -- 70 --



       ,     ॡ  ᮧ
䠩 ﭭ ᥩ ,  㪠  ,  , 㪠
ᨬ쭮-⨬ ᫮ ᥨ ᥩ.
    ⮡ 㪠    䠩,  ᯮ ࠬ DISCARDFILE
 DISCARDDN:

    [DISCARDFILE  DISCARDDN] ᯥ䨪_䠩
:

DISCARDFILE      ᯮ짮    祢 ᫮.
 DISCARDDN

ᯥ䨪_    ⨬  䠩, ।祭  
䠩           ࠭ ﭭ ᥩ.

     䠩 ﭭ ᥩ  㬮砭 ᮢ    
䠩 , ७  䠩  㬮砭 - DSC. 
 䠩 ﭭ ᥩ  ࠢ饬 䠩 ⬥ -
筮 㪠,   ᤥ ࠭   ப.  ᫨ 䠩
ﭭ ᥩ  㪠  㦥 ,  ᨬ-
    ⨯  樮 ⥬   ९뢠 ,
 ᮧ   .
     ⥭,  ଠ   ᠬ 䠩 ﭭ ᥩ
ᮢ  ० ⥭  묨 ଠ⠬ 䠩 ,
⮬  쭥襬   ᯮ짮  ୮ -
  ⥬  ᠬ ࠢ騬  䠩  (᫥    ᫮
䨫樨,   । WHEN).

    ਬ ᠭ 䠩 ﭭ ᥩ

     ࢮ ਬ 㪠,  䠩 ﭭ ᥩ  
CIRCULAR  ७  㬮砭 (DSC):

    DISCARDFILE CIRCULAR

     ᫥饬 ਬ 㪠,   䠩 ﭭ ᥩ 
 FORGET  ७ ME:

    DISCARDFILE FORGET.ME

    , ,   㪠,     䠩 ﭭ ᥩ  
NOTAPPL  ७ MAY:

    DISCARDDN NOTAPPL.MAY

    ࠭祭 ⢠ ᥨ ᥩ

      ࠭ ⢮ ᥨ  㧪 䠩-
  ᥩ, ᯮ ᫥騥 ࠬ:

    [DISCARDMAX  DISCARDS] n        n - 楫 ᫮ ().

    ᫨  ௠, ࠡ⪠ ⮣ 䠩  ४頥-
   ⨫  室  ᫥饬 䠩 ,  ᫨ ⠪
.
         ࠭  ᢮ ⢨  
䠩. ᫨    㪠     䠩, -
⢨  ࠭稢 ⮫쪮 ⨬ 䠩 .

                                    -- 71 --



     ⮬ 砥,   㪠,   䠩 ﭭ -
ᥩ ,  ⨫ SQL*Loader ᮧ 䠩    -
७  㬮砭.

    㧪 ⠡   ०        
    
    -------------------------------------------------------------

    ਬ砭: ਠ ⮣ ࠧ   饣  ࠡ-
⮩ ⨫ DB2  ० RESUME; 짮⥫ ⨫ DB2 ᫥-
 ⠪   ਫ C.

    ᫨  ⠡,     ந 㧪,  㦥 -
ঠ - ,      த ࠡ:
    * 㧨  ,   ࠭ ⢮ ଠ.
    *  ࠭ ⢮訥  묨.
    * ந 㧪  ⮫쪮    ⠡.   ᫨
      ⠡ ,   訡  ४ -
      . (⢨  㬮砭.)

     ࠧ,     ⠡   㪠  
᫥ ० 㧪:

    [APPEND  REPLACE  INSERT]
:

APPEND          ᫨ ⠡ , ⨫ SQL*Loader -
                   ப    ; ᫨  - 
                ப 㦠  ࠧ.

INSERT          ॡ, ⮡  㦠   ⠡-
                . (⢨  㬮砭.)  ᫨ ⠡ -
                , ⨫ 頥    訡    蠥 ࠡ.

REPLACE         ᫨ ⠡ , ⨫  ࠭  -
                ⢮訥 ப 묨; ᫨    -  
                ப 㦠  ᯮᮡ.   -
                ,  ப .   ⮬ ०
                ॡ    짮⥫ 稩 㤠-
                   ⠡.

    , ᮤঠ訥  ⠡  㧪   ﭭ  
१ 㧪,   ⠭ ⮫쪮 ⨫⮩ -
ᯮ  筮 .
         ०      ⠡ ࠧ,
᫨ 㪠  । ᠬ  । INTO TABLE.   
  ० 㧪    ⠡  ⤥쭮,
㪠  ᫥ ᮮ⢥饣 । INTO TABLE.  ࢮ
㪠 ० ⭮  ᥬ ⠡栬,   -
 ० 㧪  ⠭.

    ⠭ ᨬ쭮  ᪨ ᥩ
    -----------------------------------------------
      ࠬ RECLEN    ࠧ ୮-
 ࠭⢠,   ࠧ饭 ᥩ ᪮ -
.  ᮡ   ⮬ 砥,   ⨫ SQL*Loader 
 ᠬ⥫쭮 ⠭    ᭮  -
樨  ० ⥭ 䠩  ᯮ     -

                                    -- 72 --



. ᫨   ᪮     ⨫  SQL*Loader
㦨   ࠡ⪥ 訡,  䠩  ᥩ -
 ⮫쪮 䠪᪨ ⠭  .   ⮣,  ⮡ 
䠩  ᥩ  ⮬ 砥   ᪠ ,
 ᫥ 㪠 ࠬ:
    RECLEN 
 '' - 楫 ᫮, 饥 ᨬ  -
 .  祭  㬮砭  䠩,   -
ᥩ 䨪஢ ,  ࠢ 80; ᫨ 䠩 ⮨   ᥩ
६ ,   祭  ࠬ   㬮砭 
⨫⮩.  ,    ॣ樮 䠩, -
ࠦ ⮫쪮 ࠧ ,  塞 ⨫⮩ SQL*Loader, 
 ᫮ , 뢠   .

    ନ஢ ᪨ ᥩ  䨧᪨
    ---------------------------------------------
    ନ஢ ᪮   ᪮쪨 䨧᪨ 
ந ࠧ묨 ᯮᮡ,      ᫥-
 祢 ᫮:
    CONCATENATE
    CONTINUEIF
    ࠧ CONCATENATE ᯮ   ⥩襬  砥,   
⨫ ନ          ⮣ 
⢠ 䨧᪨ ᥩ. ⠪ ⮩ ࠧ ᫥騩:
    CONCATENATE n
 n - 楫 ᫮,  饥 ⢮  䨧᪨  ᥩ,
ꥤ塞   .
    ᫨ ⢮ ꥤ塞 䨧᪨ ᥩ  ,
ᯮ ࠧ  CONTINUEIF.    ⮩ ࠧ  祢 ᫮
CONTINUEIF ᫥ ᫮, ஢塞  뢠  -
᪮ .  ਬ஬ ⠪ ᫮   稥 ᨬ-
 " ૨"  80- 樨 ,   饥,   
᫥  㤥 ꥤ  ⥪饩. ⠪ ࠧ:

      CONTINUEIF { [THIS  NEXT] (砫 [:])  LAST }
       { 'ப_ᨬ'  X'⭠筠_ப' }
:

THIS            ᫨    ᫮ ⨭, 뢠
                ᫥ 䨧᪠ ,  ꥤ
                 ⥪饩,  ⠪   ,  ᫮  -
                 .   ᫨   ⥪饩  ᫮ 
                믮, ⥪ 䨧᪠  ⠭
                ᫥, 饩  ନ஢ ⥪饩 -
                ᪮ .  THIS ࠧ㬥  㬮-
                .

NEXT            ᫨   ᫥饩  ᫮ ⨭,  
                ᫥ 䨧᪠  㤥 ꥤ  
                ⥪饩    ,   ᫮  ⠭ -
                .  ⮫쪮  ந,  ⥪ 䨧-
                  ⠭ ᫥, 饩  ନ-
                ஢ ⥪饩 ᪮ .

砫:     砫쭮  筮 ஢ 権 
                䨧᪮ .  樨 㬥, 稭 
                1.  ⢥  ࠧ⥫    ᯮ짮
                 (砫-)     稥 (砫:-

                                    -- 73 --



                ).
                ᫨ ""    㪠,    த
                ਭ ࠢ  ப ⮢  ப
                ᨬ. ᫨ "" 㪠,    -
                  १ ⫨砥    ப
                ⮢  ப ᨬ,    -
                   :   ᨬ  ப  -
                ஡, ⭠ - ﬨ.

LAST             ᫮ 宦  ᫮ THIS,  ஢-
                  ⮬ ᥣ ᫥ ⫨   ஡
                ᨬ. ᫨ ᫥ ⫨  ஡ ᨬ
                㤮⢮ ᫮,   ᫥ 䨧-
                   㤥  ꥤ   ⥪饩  
                ,  ᫮  ⠭ .     ⮫쪮
                 ந,  ⥪ 䨧᪠  ⠭
                ᫥, 饩  ନ஢ ⥪饩 -
                ᪮ .

        襭 樨,  易   ࠢ⢮  
                ࠢ⢮:
                =    !=    =    <>
                ᫨ ᯮ  ⨯ ࠢ⢠,  
                ⮣, ⮡  ᫮ 뫮 ⨭,  騥 
                ࠢ 祭   ப   -
                 ᮢ.  ᫨ ᯮ  ⨯
                ࠢ⢠, ࠢ 祭    ⫨-
                    ᨬ.

ப_         ப ᨬ, ࠢ   த
ᨬ         㪠    । ᮡ ᫮-
                ,    "樨". ப 
                 祭  窨 -   .
                ࠢ ந ᨬ쭮,   砥 -
                室 ࠢ  ஡.

X'⭠-      ப ⮢  ⭠筮 ଠ,  -
筠_     뢠 ⠪ ,   ப ᨬ.  ப
ப'         X'1FB033' 뢠  , ᮤঠ騥  -
                 1F, B0  33 (⭠).

    ਬ砭: ࠧ CONTINUEIF     -
᪮ .   ⢥ 砩  த;    -
⠫  뫪  ⭮襭  ᪨ .

    ᫨ ࠧ   ଠ CONTINUEIF THIS  CONTINUEIF NEXT,
।⢥ । ᡮમ ᪮    த
㡨ࠥ   䨧᪨ ᥩ.    ନ-
஢ ,    ⥫ ᨬ (ᨬ-
 த).   ᬮਬ  ਬ ᯮ짮 CONTINUEIF
THIS  CONTINUEIF NEXT:
    CONTINUEIF THIS                    CONTINUEIF NEXT
    (1:2) = '%%'                       (1:2) = '%%'
       䨧᪨ ,   窠 -
砥 ஡:
    %%aaaaaaaa                         ..aaaaaaaa



                                    -- 74 --



    %%bbbbbbbb                         %%bbbbbbbb
    ..cccccccc                         %%cccccccc
    %%dddddddd                         ..dddddddd

     ᪠  㤥      :
    aaaaaaaabbbbbbbbcccccccc
       ,  ࠧ CONTINUEIF LAST ⫨砥
 ࠧ  CONTINUEIF THIS  CONTINUEIF NEXT ⥬,   ᨬ -
  䨧᪨ ᥩ  㡨.

    ਬ ᯮ짮 ࠧ CONTINUEIF

     ࢮ ਬ 㪠,   ᫨ ⥪ 䨧᪠  
(   1)   ࢮ 樨 ᮤন , ᫥-
 䨧᪠  ( 2)    . -
   ன  ᮤন 窠,  3 ꥤ
 ।騬 .
    ᫨   ன    窠 ( ࢮ 樨), 
    ࢮ,   3 ஥   .

    CONTINUEIF THIS (1) = "*"

     ᫥饬  ਬ 㪠,   ᫨ ⥪ 䨧᪠ -
 ( 1)  ᮤন  ᫥ ⫨筮  ஡ 樨
, ᫥ 䨧᪠  ( 2)  -
  .   ⨢ 砥 ⥪ 䨧᪠   
᫥, 饩  ନ஢ ⥪饩 ᪮ .

    CONTINUEIF LAST = ","

     ,  㪠,  ᫨ ᫥ 䨧᪠  (-
 2)  ᮤন  7-  8-  ᨬ "10",    
  ।饩 䨧᪮  ( 1).   ⨢-
 砥 ⮩  ஥  ᪠ .

    CONTINUEIF NEXT (7:8) = '10'

    ᠭ ⠡  ⮫殢
    --------------------------
       LOAD DATA,   ᮤন ᠭ ⠡-
, ⮫殢  ⨯ ,  뢠  INTO  TABLE.   
砥 㧪  ᪮쪨 ⠡     ⢮ -
  INTO TABLE.

    ᠭ  ⠡

     INTO TABLE 뢠 祢 ᫮ INTO  TABLE,   
 ᫥  ⠡  ORACLE.
    INTO TABLE _⠡  [INSERT  APPEND  REPLACE]
       ⮬    㦥  ⢮.  ᫨ 
⠡ ᮢ    祢 ᫮, १ࢨ஢ 
ᯮ짮  몥 SQL  ⨫⮩ SQL*Loader,  ᮤন ᯥ-
樠 ᨬ  ⢨⥫쭮  ࠧ 㪢,     ᫥
   窨.

    INTO TABLE SCOTT."COMMENT"
    INTO TABLE SCOTT."comment"
    INTO TABLE SCOTT."-COMMENT"

                                    -- 75 --



    짮⥫, ⨢訩 ⨫  믮,  
ࠢ ⠢ (INSERT)    ⠡,       ⠡
 ᮤঠ   :
    INTO TABLE SOPHIA.EMP

      INTO TABLE    ᥡ ᠭ  -
ࠬ஢ 㧪 ⠡.   ⭮,    ⠡ 
㪠,  ⢨ (INSERT,  APPEND, REPLACE) ᫥ ।-
ਭ  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ ⠡ 㦥 ᮤন - .

    롮 ப  㧪

     ᫮, ।饣 롮 ப  㧪, -
   । WHEN.
    । WHEN ᫥   ⠡    ᮤন  
 ᪮쪮  ஢થ ᫮ (ﭨ).

    WHEN (ﭨ_) [AND (ﭨ_) ]...

    । WHEN  宦  । CONTINUEIF,   
  ⫨. ࢮ ⫨稥 易  ⥬,  뫪 -
   ,     䨧. ஥ ⫨-
稥 砥  ⮬,    ᫮ 㪠뢠    
᪮ ,    ⮫  㦠 ⠡. ᫮-
, ᮤঠ騥  । WHEN, 業 ᫥ ।-
 祭 ⮫殢.  ப ⠢  ⠡ ⮫쪮  ⮬
砥, ᫨  । ਭ 祭 "⨭".
    騩 ਬ   ⮬,  㧪  ,
ᮤঠ騥  5- 樨 祭 "q":

    WHEN (5) = 'q'
    । WHEN  ᮤঠ ᪮쪮 ᫮ ࠢ,
易  ᮡ  AND.  ᯮ짮 ᪮  ।-
  易⥫쭮,   ⥫쭮,   饥 來
।⠢. ਬ:
    WHEN (DEPTNO = '10') AND (JOB = 'SALES')

    ᠭ ﭨ 

    ﭨ  ।⠢ ᮡ ᫮, 業  -
⥪ ᪮ .
     ᯮ  । WHEN, NULLIF  DEFAULTIF.

  {( 砫 [:] )  _⮫}  {'ப_ᨬ' 
     X'⭠筠_ப'}
:

砫           砫쭮 樨 ࠢ    
                ᪮ .

             筮 樨  ࠢ   
                ᪮ .  ᪠ : 砫--
                   砫:.   ᫨  ""  㪠,
                  ।  ப  ࠢ-
                . ᫨        ப ࠧ,
                         :
                ᨬ ப - ஡, ⭠ - ﬨ.


                                    -- 76 --



_⮫      ⮫  ⠡ .  ᫨    㪠
                砫    ᯮ  ⮫, -
                 뢠  ᯥ䨪樥  ⮫.    
                  ᮢ   ⮫-
                  ᠭ ⠡. ᫨  ⮫ ᮢ
                   祢 ᫮,  १ࢨ஢  
                ᯮ짮     몥    SQL       ⨫⮩
                SQL*Loader, ᮤন  ᯥ樠   ᨬ   
                ⢨⥫쭮  ࠧ 㪢,   ᫥ -
                  窨.

        襭 樨,  易   ࠢ⢮  
                ࠢ⢮:
                =    !=    =    <>

'ப_        ப  ᨬ,  祭      
ᨬ'        窨  ࠢ  祭 .
                ᫨ ࠢ 室, ப ⠢  ⠡.

X'⭠-      ப ⮢  ⭠筮 ଠ,  -
筠_     뢠 ⠪ ,   ப ᨬ.
ப'

    ᠭ ࠧ⥫ 

    ᫨    䠩  ࠧ ,   -
ᠭ ࠧ⥫  ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮ FIELDS. ஬
⮣,   ᯮ짮  騩 ࠭⥫.  ⠪
ࠧ FIELDS:

    FIELDS [TERMINATED [BY] {WHITESPACE  [X] 'ᨬ'} ]
    [ [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED [BY] [X] 'ᨬ' ]

    ࠭⥫       ८। 㪠-
  ࠭⥫ ᫥  .    ஡  
ᠭ ࠭⥫  .     ࠧ 饩  "ᠭ
ᨬ   ࠭⥫ﬨ".

    ᠭ ⮫殢

      ந  㧪    ⢠  ⮫殢
⠡.  ⮫,  ᠭ  ,   㪠  ࠢ-
饬 䠩,   묨 祭ﬨ (   ᯮ-
   祭).
    ᠭ ⮫殢    ᪮,   -
 ⤥    ᫥饣  ⮩   ᮤন  ⮫ 
ᯥ䨪  祭.  ᫨ 祭  뢠    䠩
,   ᯥ䨪  砥   ᥡ 㪠 ᯮ
祭  , ⨯ , ࠧ襭 ⮣ 祭, 㬮-
砭    祭.    ᫨   祭      ⨫⮩
SQL*Loader, ᯥ䨪 砥 祢 ᫮ RECNUM,  㭪
SEQUENCE  祢 ᫮ CONSTANT.

    ᮪ ⮫殢  砥    ᪮,  ⮫ ࠧ
 ᮡ 묨:
    (ᠭ_⮫, ᠭ_⮫, ... )
      ⮫  ᮮ⢥⢮      
⮫殢 ⠡,  㪠  । INTO. ᫨  ⮫

                                    -- 77 --



ᮢ    祢 ᫮, १ࢨ஢  ᯮ-
  몥 SQL  ⨫⮩ SQL*Loader, ᮤন ᯥ樠
ᨬ  ⢨⥫쭮  ࠧ 㪢,  ᫥  
窨.

    ᥭ ⠭  ⮫

     ᥭ  ⮫ 祭 ⠭ ᯮ ࠧ,
  祢 ᫮ CONSTANT  ᨬ 祭:
    CONSTANT 祭
    祭   祭  窨,   ⮬ 砥, -
 祭 ᮤন ஡  १ࢨ஢ ᫮, 稥
祪  易⥫.   ⥫  믮
祭; ᫨  祭  ⠭ ᤥ ࠢ쭮,  
ப  ⢥࣭.
     ᯮ  祢 ᫮ CONSTANT  祭 
祭. ⮡  ⮫ ⮥ 祭,    ⮫
 ᫥  ।  ᮢᥬ;   ᠭ  浪
⮫ ⨫ SQL*Loader ⮬᪨  묨. 祢
᫮ CONSTANT    ⠭    祭    ᠭ
⮫.

    ᥭ  ⮫    䠩 

     ᥭ  ⮫  ᪮ , 㦨襩
᭮  ନ஢ ப ⠡,  ᯮ ࠧ, -
  祢 ᫮ RECNUM   ⮫.   㬥-
 ᫥⥫쭮, 稭  1;    ᠬ ࢮ-
  䠩 . 祭 RECNUM 㢥稢   
᪮ ; ⠪ ࠧ,  㢥稢   -
ᥩ - ﭭ,  ய饭,  ⢥࣭  㦥. ᫨
 ࠬ  SKIP=10,   ࢮ 㦥  㤥 ᮮ-
⢮ 祭 RECNUM, ࠢ 11.
    祢 ᫮  RECNUM  ⠭   ⮫  -
 ᠭ ⮫.
    _⮫ RECNUM

     㭨 浪 ஢

       㭪樨  SEQUENCE  ࠭஢ 㭨쭮
ᮤঠ   㪠 ⮫ 祭.
    祭 SEQUENCE 㢥稢       㦥
 ⢥࣭⮩  ;   ,  ᫨  ﭠ
 ய饭. 㭪   㬥.  㬥⮬ -
 祭,  ᮮ⢥饥 砫 ,  - -
饭. ᫨   ⢥ 砫쭮 窨 㪠 ⥫쭮 -
 ᫮   n,  ࢠ ⠢塞 ப 㤥   㪠
⮫ 祭 n;  ᫥ ப ᮮ⢥饥  -
 㤥 㢥稢  稭 饭.
    㭪 SEQUENCE    ⠭     ⮫  
ᠭ ⮫.

       _⮫ SEQUENCE ( { n  MAX  COUNT } [,饭] )
:

SEQUENCE        㭪 SEQUENCE, 뢠 祭 ⮫.



                                    -- 78 --



n                ᫮,  ᮮ⢥饥 砫  -
                祭 ⮫.

COUNT           砫    ।  室     ᫠
                ப, 㦥   ⠡,  饭.

MAX             砫  । 室   ᨬ-
                   祭  ⮫  -
                饭.

饭      稭  㢥祭  祭 ⮫  
                ᫥饩 ப.  㬮砭 ࠢ 1.

    ᫨ ப  ⢥࣭ (   ଠ⭠ 訡 
訡  ORACLE),   䠪  뢠    ᣥ஢
浪    뢠.  ,  ਬ,  
ப ᮤঠ  祭 ⮫ 浪  10, 12, 14
 16, ⮣ ᫨ ப  ஬ 12 ⢥࣠,  㦥
ப  ᮤঠ 祭 10,  14  16,    10,  12,  14.
 ࠧ,  㭪  ࠭ 冷 ஢, -
  訡  .     ⪮४  ⢥࣭
   ந    㧪,    ᬮ
ਢ 祭 ⮫殢  ᮮ⢥⢨  ᫮襩  㬥樥.

     ᯮ ଠ樮 

    ⮡ 㧨 祭, ᮤঠ饥  ଠ樮 ,
⨫ SQL*Loader   ।⠢  ⮬,  ᯮ-
 ᠬ ,    .   ᯮ   -
᪮  ந   । POSITION,  -
祭   ᯥ䨪  ⮫.   ᯮ    
ᠭ  ,  ⠪   ⭮襭  ।饬 . -
㬥 ࠧ POSITION   㣫 ᪮.

    POSITION ( { 砫 [:]  *  [+n] } )
:

砫           砫쭮 樨 ଠ樮  
                ᪮ .  ࢠ       1.

             筮 樨 ଠ樮  
                ᪮ .  ᪠ : 砫--
                  砫:.  ᫨  ""    㪠,
                  뢮 室  ⨯ .  (.
                ࠧ   ⨯ ; ,    ⨯
                CHAR   㪠  砫쭮   筮 権
                砥 ,  ࠢ 1.)  ᫨  ⨯  
                뢥   ।⠢ ,  뤠-
                 ᮮ饭  訡.

*               砥,  ⥪饥  稭 ।-
                 ᫥ ।饣 . ᫨ ⥪饥  -
                ࢮ, ᨬ "*" 砥,    ᯮ-
                  ᠬ 砫 ᪮ .  ᫨ -
                砫쭠  筠 樨  㪠,  
                뢮  ⨯ .



                                    -- 79 --



+n              饭 ⥪饣   ⭮⥫쭮 ।饣,
                 ᯮ짮  ⠭    窮.
                । 뢠 祭  㤥 ய饭 n ᨬ.

       ࠧ POSITION .    ⮬  砥
ᠭ ᯮ  㤥 ⠪ ,     ᯮ짮-
 ࠧ  ଠ POSITION (*).
     㧪 ᪮쪨 ⠡ ࠧ POSITION (*)  ࢮ
⮫ ࢮ ⠡ 砥,   ⮫ ᯮ  -
 砫 ᪮ .   ࠧ  ⭮襭  ࢮ
⮫  ᫥ ⠡ 砥,   ᯮ -
। ⭮⥫쭮 ᫥ ⮫ ᫥  㦥-
 ⠡.

     ࠧ,   ஬  ᫥  INTO TABLE -
 ⮫殢   ⠭       ⭮襭    砫
᪮ , ᫨ ⮫쪮  ⮬  ᪠ . 믮
᫥ .  ⮣, ⮡ ᪠ ᠭ ᯮ-
   ᯮ짮 ࠧ POSITION (*+n)  ࢮ  
  ᫥  INTO TABLE,   ࠧ POSITION
(1)  POSITION (n).    ந 㧪 ᪮-
 ⠡  ⮬ 砥,      ⠡ ᯮ-
  ⮩  ᠬ ᪮ ;   ⮬  砥    
ਤ ⠭ 祭 POSITION.
    ᫨ ᪠  ᮤন      -
 ⠡,     ࠧ,   ⠭ -
祭 POSITION.
    ᪮쪮 ਬ஢:
    SITEID  POSITION (*) SMALLINT
    SITELOC POSITION (*) INTEGER

    ᫨ ⠪ ࠧ    ⮫, ⮫ SITEID
㤥 ᯮ,  稭  ࢮ 樨,  ⮫ SITELOC
ࠧ ᫥ ⮫ SITEID.
    ENAME   POSITION (1:20) CHAR
    EMPNO   POSITION (22-26) INTEGER EXTERNAL
    ALLOW   POSITION (*+2)  INTEGER EXTERNAL TERMINATED BY "/"

    ⮫ ENAME ᮤন 祭  ᨬ쭮 ଠ,  -
   権   1-  20-,    ᫥ ⮫ EMPNO,
ᮤঠ騩 ᫮ ,  뢠   権    22-  
26-. ⮫ ALLOW ᮤন 祭, 뢠 ᫥ 祭
EMPNO  ᬥ饭 +2,     樨 28,    ᨬ-
 " ".

      ଠ樮 

        㪠뢠 ᪮쪨 ᯮᮡ.  ᫨
砩 ᤥ  㪠,     㤥  設-
⢮   㣨.   ᠭ  ࠧ஢  稭 ᫥騬
ࠢ:
    *   ,  ⥪  ⨯ ᮤঠ饣   -
      , ४뢠 , ⥪  ࠧ POSITION (-
      :)     祭   ࠭⥫ﬨ
        ᢮ ଠ.
    *  ,  ⥪  ࠧ  POSITION  (砫:),
      ४뢠 , ⥪  ࠧ୮ 祭 
       ࠭⥫ﬨ   ᢮ ଠ.

                                    -- 80 --



    *  ,  ⥪  ࠧ୮ 祭  
      ࠭⥫ﬨ     ᢮  ଠ,  ४뢠
      , ⥪  ࠧ POSITION,  ᫨  ࠧ -
       ⮫쪮 砫 .
    *   (CHARACTER),    ⭠ ⮫쪮
      砫쭠   ᯮ (ࠧ ENCLOSED BY  -
       ),  㬮砭  , ࠢ 1.

     ⨯ ᮤঠ饣  ଠ樮  祭

    ᫥ 㪠 ᯮ 祭  ᪮   
᫥    ⨯.   ⮬    ⨯ 祭 
 䠩,    ᮢ  ⨯ 祭, ᮤ-
饣  ⮫ ⠡  ORACLE.  祭   ᮢ-
  ᨫ ⮣,   ⮬᪨ 믮 ८ࠧ-
 ⨯.   ,  ᫥ ᫥  ⥬, ⮡ 
८ࠧ  騩    ਢ  訡.
    ᫨,  ਬ,  祭 ⨯ CHAR ८ࠧ  祭
⨯ NUMBER,  ᫥ ।ᬮ, ⮡ ᮤন ᨬ쭮
 ।⠢﫮  ᮡ  ⨬    窨  ७  ᫮
।⠢ 祭.          ।
⮫쪮  ⨯ . ᫨ ⨯   㪠, ࠧ㬥-
 ⨯ CHAR.

     CHAR
     ⮣ ⨯ ᮤন ᨬ 祭.    -
 易⥫ ࠬ஬  ᫨    㪠, 
롨ࠥ  ᯥ䨪樨 POSITION.  ᫨   㪠 ,
 ⬥ 祭,    ᯥ䨪樨  POSITION.   ᫨
   㪠  ,   祭 ⨯ CHAR 㤥  ,
ࠢ 1.

    CHAR [ (  ) ] [ ᯥ䨪_࠭⥫ ]

     ⨯ CHAR    ६ ,   ⮬  砥
ᯮ ࠭⥫   - 騥  騥.  
஡  ⮬ .  ࠧ 饩  "ᠭ ᨬ-
   ࠭⥫ﬨ".
    ᫨ ⮫  ⠡  ।  LONG,  ᫥ -
 㪠  ᨬ      (  祢 ᫮
LENGTH  ࠧ POSITION).       ࠭஢,
   祭    㤥  뤥  筮 讣
ࠧ, 室   ⮬ 砥,   ᭠ -
⥫ﬨ.

     DATE
     ⮣ ⨯ ᮤন ᨬ  祭,  ८ࠧ㥬
 ORACLE    ᮮ⢥⢨   ᪮. ਬ:
    LOAD DATA
    INTO TABLE DATES (COL_A POSITION (1:15) DATE 'DD-Mon-YYYY')
    BEGINDATA
    01-Jan-1066
    01-Apr-1534
    28-Feb-2004

         易⥫  ࠬ஬  ᫨ 
  㪠,   롨ࠥ  ᯥ䨪樨 POSITION. ᫨ 
 㪠 ,   ⬥ 祭,   ᯥ䨪-

                                    -- 81 --



樨 POSITION. ᪮    ⭠  ORACLE ᪠
. ᫨  ᪠  饭,   㬮砭 ᯮ 
"DD-MON-YY".  砥  㣫 ᪮,  ᪠  窨.
    DATE [ (  ) ] [ ᪠ ] [ ᯥ䨪_࠭⥫ ]

     ⨯ DATE    ६ ,   ⮬  砥
ᯮ ࠭⥫   - 騥  騥.  
஡  ⮬ .  ࠧ 饩  "ᠭ ᨬ-
   ࠭⥫ﬨ".

     VARCHAR
     ⮣  ⨯ ᮤন ᨬ ப ६ ,
뢠 塠 䨪ᮬ, 뢠騬  . 
ᯮ, 稭      樨,   㪠    ।
POSITION.   ,  ⠢騥 䨪,    
   .   ᫨ । POSITION   ଠ
POSITION (砫:), ""  .

    VARCHAR [ (  ) ]
    ᫨ ᫥ 祢 ᫮ VARCHAR  㪠 祭 -
⥫쭮 ࠬ "",  祭 㤥 ᯮ짮 
楫 ਧ樨  ⢥ ᨬ쭮  ࠧ  .   ᫨
""  㪠,   㤥 뤥 2 .

     SMALLINT
     ⮣ ⨯ ᮤন 筮 楫 祭  ࠧ஬  
᫮. ᫨    । POSITION   ଠ POSITION
(砫:), ""  .   ᮢ 
ࠧ஬ 楫 ᫠,  饣  ᫮, ਭ⮬  -
襩 ⥬. ( 몥   ᮮ⢥ ⨯ SHORT INT.)
    SMALLINT

     INTEGER
     ⮣ ⨯ ᮤন 筮 楫 祭  ࠧ஬  
 ᫮. ᫨ । POSITION   ଠ POSITION
(砫:), ""  .   ᮢ 
ࠧ஬ 楫 ᫠,  饣   ᫮,  ਭ⮬ 
襩 ⥬. ( 몥   ᮮ⢥ ⨯ LONG INT.)
    INTEGER

     FLOAT
     ⮣ ⨯ ᮤন 筮 祭  饩  -
⮩ ୮  筮.  ᫨  । POSITION 㪠 -
筠  ,   .     ᮢ  
ࠧ஬ 筮 ᫠  饩 ⮩, 饣  -
 ᫮.  ( 몥   ᮮ⢥ ⨯ ⮣   -
.)
    FLOAT

     DOUBLE
     ⮣  ⨯ ᮤন 筮 祭  饩 -
⮩  筮.  ᫨  । POSITION 㪠 -
  ,  .   ᮢ  ࠧ-
஬ 筮 ᫠  饩 ⮩,  饣  
᫮. (  몥   ᮮ⢥ ⨯ DOUBLE  LONG FLOAT.)
    DOUBLE



                                    -- 82 --



     DECIMAL
     ⮣  ⨯ ᮤন ᫮  㯠 筮 -
. ᫮  ⮬ ଠ ।⠢ ᮡ  ᫥⥫쭮
 ,       ,  -
,   ⠪ ⢮  .
    ଠ DECIMAL  ॡ  㪠  ࠧ來 (ᨬ쭮
⢠ )  祭 .  ⮩ ᭮  -
 㯠 筮   .   ⠪ 㪠-
 筮  祭   樥  ⠡஢.
 ᯮᮡ  ⢮  ࠢ  筮 窨.
    DECIMAL ( ࠧ來 [,筮] )
:

ࠧ來     ⢮   祭, ।饥  -
                . 室 ,  ⢨⥫쭠 
                  (ࠧ來+2)/2  㣫 
                 ஭.

筮        樥 ⠡஢    ⢮ 
                ࠢ  筮 窨.   㬮砭 - 0  (
                祭   ⮬ 㤥 楫).   ॢ
                ࠧ來,     ⥫  ᫮.

     EXTERNAL  ᫮ 
     ⮣ ⨯ ᮤন  ᫮    譥  (㯠)
ଠ (   ᨬ쭮,     筮 ଥ).   ⠪,
  ⨯ 祭 ⨯ CHAR (.  )  ࠪ -
 ࠧ,    ᪫祭, 騬 ᯮ짮 ࠧ
DEFAULTIF. ᫨  ,  ⮡ 祭  㬮砭 뫮 -
, ᯮ ⨯ CHAR; ᫨ - 㫥,  ᯮ EXTERNAL.
᫮  ⨯ EXTERNAL,     ⨯  CHAR,   
 易⥫ ࠬ ""  ࠭⥫.  ᫨ 
㪠,  ⬥ 祭,   ᯥ䨪樨 POSITION.
    INTEGER EXTERNAL [ (  ) ] [ ᯥ䨪_࠭⥫ ]
    DECIMAL EXTERNAL [ (  ) ] [ ᯥ䨪_࠭⥫ ]
    FLOAT   EXTERNAL [ (  ) ] [ ᯥ䨪_࠭⥫ ]


     GRAPHIC
     ⮣ ⨯ ᮤন ப ᨬ,     
    (᪮ ᮪饭 DBCS -  "double-byte
characters").   ORACLE  ন ᨬ DBCS;  ⥬  
, ⨫  SQL*Loader 뢠  ᨬ  ⮢
    ஢    㪠    ⮫.
⢥ ᪫祭 ᠥ . ᫨  ᯮ ࠧ
POSITION (砫:),  㤥 । 筮 ⮯-
   ᪮ . ,     
᫥ 祢 ᫮ GRAPHIC,   ⮬ 砥 ࠧ  -
  ᨬ DBCS, ⮬  宦 ⢨⥫쭮 
    室 㬭  2.
    ᫨ ,   ᮤঠ饥  ᨬ DBCS,  祭  
ᨬ - ४祭  ⠭  (SI)     ⥫
(SO) ॣ,    ᠭ ᫥ ᯮ짮 ⨯ GRAPHIC
EXTERNAL.  ⨯ 祭 ⨯ GRAPHIC,  ᫨   ⮣,
 ᨬ ४祭 ॣ஢  㦠.

    GRAPHIC EXTERNAL [ (  ) ]
:

                                    -- 83 --



GRAPHIC         砥,   ⮨  ᨬ DBCS.

EXTERNAL          ᫥ ᨬ .

              ᨬ DBCS.

     襨  ᭨  ਬ:
    稬 ᨬ ४祭 ॣ஢ १ [],     
ᨬ DBCS १ #.
     ⮣,   ⮡      ####,   ᯮ   ࠧ
"POSITION (1:4) GRAPHIC"  ࠧ "POSITION (1) GRAPHIC (2)".
     ⮣,  ⮡      [####],   ᯮ  ࠧ
"POSITION (1:6) GRAPHIC EXTERNAL"  ࠧ "POSITION (1) GRAPHIC
EXTERNAL (2)".

     VARGRAPHIC
     ⮣ ⨯ ᮤন ப ᨬ DBCS,   -
 .      㪠뢠 ࠧ . -
   ᨬ DBCS, ⮬  宦 ⢨⥫쭮
     室 㬭  2.    -
   㪠 ,  ᫥ 祢 ᫮ VARGRAPHIC,  ⠪
ࠧ   ᯥ  ⨬  ࠧ  .   ᫨
""  㪠,   ⢮ 4 .
    VARGRAPHIC [ (  ) ]

    ᠭ ᨬ   ࠭⥫ﬨ

     ⨯ CHAR, DATE  EXTERNAL (᫮)   -
⥫ - 騥  騥.  ⢥⢥,  , -
騥 ࠭⥫,      ⨯:   TERMINATED  
ENCLOSED. 䨪   ࠭⥫ 㪠뢠 ᫥ ⨯ .

    祭  騬 ࠭⥫ﬨ 뢠    ࢮ
樨   (  ⠭ ⭮⥫쭮 ᫥-
 樨 ।饣 )   ࢮ  ᨬ--
⥫. -࠭⥫  砥  祭 . ᫨
 ⢥ ࠭⥫ ᯮ ஡ (WHITESPACE),  
뢠  ࢮ  ஡ (⮩ 樨, ᨬ
⠡樨, ᨬ 室   ப). ᫥ ⮣ ⥪
 த    ࢮ ᨬ,  ⫨筮  ஡.
 ࠧ, 祭   ࠧ  ⢮
஡    ⮬ ⨬묨.
    祭  騬 ࠭⥫ﬨ 뢠  -
 묨 ᨬ-࠭⥫ﬨ. ᫨  ᨬ-࠭-
 ᫥   㣨,     砥  祭 -
. ਬ,   ᫥⥫쭮  'DON''T'  ਭ  
DON'T. ,  ᫨  ⮨ ⮫쪮   ᨬ    
  ࠭⥫ﬨ, 祭  㤥 .  -
ᠭ ࠭⥫   짮 ࠧ TERMINATED  BY
 ENCLOSED BY   ࠧ.  ᫥ 砥 冷 -
 ࠧ ᫥騩:

    [ TERMINATED [ BY ] { WHITESPACE  [X]'ᨬ' } ]
      [ [ OPTIONALLY ] ENCLOSED [ BY ] [X]'ᨬ' ]
:

TERMINATED      砥,   뢠  ࢮ -
                 ᨬ-࠭⥫.

                                    -- 84 --



OPTIONALLY          祭   ᨬ-
                , 㪠묨  ࠧ ENCLOSED BY. ⨫ SQL*
                Loader 㦨 ࢮ  饣
                ࠭⥫   뢠  祭   
                ୮ ࠭⥫.   ⮬ ࠧ  TERMINATED
                BY   ।  FIELDS  易⥫쭮 -
                ⢮,   쭮  쭮.

ENCLOSED        祭  頥   騬
                ࠭⥫ﬨ.

BY              易⥫쭮 祢 ᫮, 饥 ⥭ ࠧ.

WHITESPACE      砥,  ࠭⥫   ⮩
                ᨬ,  ⮬ ᫥ ᨬ ॢ ப,  -
                ॢ ࠭     ⪨ (⮫쪮 TERMINATED).

ᨬ           ᨬ-࠭⥫.

x'⭠-    砥,   ⢥  ࠭⥫  㯠
  筮-     ᨬ    㪠   ⭠筮 ⥬
  ⮢'      ASCII.

     ⨯     ࠭⥫ﬨ  ⢥
ᯮᮡ 㧪  ஡.

    ᫨ ଠ樮    8  ᨬ    ᮤন
祭 DANIELbbb,   bbb -  ஡,  㤥 㦥 
 ORACLE   "DANIEL"    ᫮,         
CHAR(8). , ᫨  㦭 㧨   ஡, -
 ᫥   CHAR(8)  TERMINATED BY ':'     
  稥,  १ 祣 祭  㤥 룫-
  DANIELbbb:.   㤥 㦥   -
 ஡ ("DANIEL   ").

    ᥭ  ⮫ ⮣ 祭

    ᫨  㦭, ⮡  ᨬ   ⮫ 祭
뫨 묨, ᠭ ⮫ ᫥  . -
 ⮫  ᤥ 㫥   ஬ ᫮, ஢-
塞   ᪮ .     -
 ᫮ NULLIF,  ஥  ᫥ ᠭ ⨯  
ᯥ䨪樨 ࠭⥫;  ࠧ NULLIF  祢  ᫮
砥 ᫮,  饥   ,   ᫮  ।-
 WHEN. 祭 ⮫ ⠭ , ᫨ ᫮ "-
⨭",  ⨢ 砥 祭  .
    NULLIF ﭨ_
       ,  ᫮   "",
  ᫥饬 ਬ:
    COLUMN1  POSITION(11:17)  CHAR  NULLIF (COLUMN1 = "unknown")

    祭   䠩  ᭠砫 ,    ⥬
  ।⢥ । 㧪  .  
ਣ  ⮬ 砥,  ᫨   । -
祭  묨.

    ᥭ   ⮫ ᫮ ⨯


                                    -- 85 --



    ᫨  ⮣ 祭     ⮫ -
 ⨯ ,  । NULLIF ᯮ ।-
 DEFAULTIF.  ᫨ ⮫  ᫮,  ᨬ,  
ᤥ .  ᠭ ⮫     ।
NULLIF, ⠪  । DEFAULTIF,     
譥.
    DEFAULTIF ﭨ_
       ,   ᯮ짮 ࠧ DEFAULTIF 
⭮襭   ⨯ NUMERIC EXTERNAL ਢ  㫥 -
祭,   ६   ⭮襭  ⨯ CHAR  ࠧ -
  ⮥ 祭.  ஡ .  ࠧ "-
ᠭ ﭨ ".

     砫 㦠   ࠢ饬 䠩
    -------------------------------------------------------------

    ᫨   ᯮ  ⮬  䠩,    ।-
 LOAD DATA,  । 砫 ᠬ    ᫥  
祢 ᫮  BEGINDATA,  饥 襭 ࠢ饩 -
ଠ樨  뢠饥 ᮡ  㦠 .
    BEGINDATA
    ᫨ 㪠 ᫮ ய饭, ⨫ SQL*Loader ।ਬ
 樨      ࠢ饩 ଠ樨 
  ᮮ饭  訡.  ᫨  ᯮ  -
쭮 䠩,  砭 ࠢ饩 ଠ樨 㤥 ᨣ-
஢ 㦥  ࠢ饣 䠩,  ⮬ 砥 -
祢 ᫮ BEGINDATA  ॡ.
































                                    -- 86 --
