


      16                               

      饭 ࠢ ࠬ       
室 ᮢ襭⢮ ।   襭
ந⥫쭮.   뢠:
    * ,  ,  २, 㤠 ᥣ⮢ ⪠
    * ,  㢥祭, २, 㤠 ⠡ ࠭
    * ᫥ , 室  ⠡, ᮢ  ஢
    * ᫥ , ᯮ㥬 ६묨 ⠡栬


  ⮩     ᭮  -  ஢  -
 㦤 ᮢ,  易  ࠢ 䠩 樮 ⥬
(, ୠ ୮  믮  ࠢ騬).  , 易  
ࠢ ᪨ ࠬ ,  ⠪  ⠡ ࠭⢠,
⠡, , ६ ⠡ -  ᮢ ⠪ 
짮⥫   ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ.

騥  ᮤঠ 易 ଠ:
    *  3   ORACLE RDBMS
    *  4  ࠭⢠  ᥣ
    *  5 짮⥫᪨ ꥪ 

    ஢ 䠩  

᪨ 䠩  ⮡ࠦ  ᪨ ࠧ, 뢠 ⠡묨
࠭⢠. 筮 ࠭⢮  ᮤঠ   - 
䠩,    ᮤঠ  ᪮쪮.  ᠭ 䠩  
   3.

 ⮩  裡    䠩  ⠡묨 ࠭⢠ 
 ᮯ஢    믮 १ SQL - , 뫠 
⠡ ࠭⢠. ਬ, ᯮ  CREATE TABLESPACE 
ALTER  TABLESPACE,   :

    * । 砫 䠩  ⠡筮 ࠭⢠
    *  䠩  ⠡筮 ࠭⢮
    * २뢠  䠩   ⠡筮 ࠭⢥ (ᯮ  ALTER
      TABLESPACE,  ALTER DATABASE).

         ⬥  㢥祭    ࠧ.  
㢥祭 ࠧ 䠩 室    䠩   
⠡ ࠭.

⥫쭠 ଠ  ᮯ஢ 䠩   ਢ  
ࠧ  ᮯ஢ ⠡ ࠭.

        ஢ 䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮

     ୠ  ୮  믮 ᯮ   ,
믮塞      ᨨ ࠭権,    ⠪  - 
⪠ ।   ⠭.   䠩 ᠭ   3;
ᯮ짮 ୠ ୮ 믮  ⠭ ਢ 
 15.





                                   -- 166 --



 ঠ ୠ ୮ 믮   ० 
ᯮ짮.   뢠    3,  ୠ   ᯮ짮 
 ०:  ARCHIVELOG  NOARCHIVELOG.  ᫥騥 ࠧ 뢠
 䨪樨 䠩 ୠ.

砭:  믮 権    ᮯ஢  䠩 ୠ 
           믮  ᫮:
    1.    ஢,  .
    2.   易    祢 ᫮ INTERNAL

⥬  믮    ALTER DATABASE 樨 
,  㤠  २ 䠩 ୠ.  ᫥ 襭
  権 ⠭     .

    䠩 ୠ

   䠩 ୠ     ᫥騬 稭:
    * 㢥祭   ﭨ online
    * ⨦  襩      娢樨 online - 䠩
      ୠ (⮫쪮  ᯮ짮 ० ARCHIVELOG  ᮡ - 
      筮 娢஢)
    *   ࠧ஢ online - 䠩 (⥬    
      䠩  㤠 ⥪ 䠩 ୠ  ୮ 믮).

 䠩,   砥   ⠪   ⮬ 砥 
ॡ 娢 䠩 ୠ ࠧ    .  ᫨   ⮫쪮
 䠩,       娢஢,   ᫥
  ୠ⨢   LGWR  㤥 㦤 ४ 
.    3  4 䠩,   娢஢ ६ ( )
2  3 䠩.

᫥ ᮥ   ,   ᠭ ,     䠩
ୠ   SQL - :
    ALTER DATABASE name
    ADD LOGFILE filespec [, filespec ]

      䠩 ୠ     50 ⮢.

 䠩     ,   ॢ襭 ।, 㪠 
ࠬ LOG_FILES  INIT.ORA    MAXLOGFILES,    CREATE
DATABASE.  ᫥ 襭   室 ⠭  
⮢  .

         䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮

   ࠧ஢  䠩  ୠ  㬥襭 ⢠ 䠩,  
 ORACLE   ଠ,    ⬥ online
- 䠩 ୠ.

⮡ ⬥ 䠩 ୠ,  ᮥ  ,  ᠭ   뤠
SQL - , ᯮ ᫥騩 ᨭ⠪:
    ALTER DATABASE name
    DROP LOGFILE filespec [, filespec ]

     㤠 䠩 ୠ,   㢥७ :

    *     ଠ  騩 
    *  㦥 娢஢ (᫨ ᯮ ० ARCHIVELOG)

                                   -- 167 --



᫥ 襭  䨪樨    ⠭      
.

        २ 䠩 ୠ ୮ 믮

२   ॡ  । 䠩 襣 
襣 ࠧ,  ⠪ -  㪠  ⮭宦 䠩.

᫥ ᠭ  裡     ᫥饣 :
    ALTER DATABASE name
    RENAME FILE filespec [, filespec ] TO
    filespec [, filespec ]

     ᯮ짮 ⠪   २ 䠩 .
     㦥 ⢮   믮 .  
䠩      㡫஢ 騥,    १  㤥
।᪠㥬.  ᫥ 襭 䨪樨  ⠭  
  .

믮 ⮩   ⮫쪮  ७  ଠ ;  
⭠  २ 樮 ⥬.

  ⠫ ᠭ   䠩    ⠡ ࠭
  "㪮 짮⥫  ⠫樨".

        ஢ ᥣ⮢ ⪠

 뢠   4,  ᥣ ⪠ ᮤঠ ଠ,  室
 ᮣᮢ ⥭  ⠪ ࠫ樨 , ᤥ
⪠祭묨  ࠭ﬨ.

砫 ᥣ ⪠,  뢠 SYSTEM, ᮧ ⮬᪨ 
믮  CREATE DATABASE.   ᮧ  ⠡筮 ࠭⢥
SYSTEM    㬠稢    ⮣ ࠭⢠ ࠪ⨪ .

᫨  ⮨  ᪮쪨 ⠡ ࠭,      
ࠩ        ᥣ  ⪠   SYSTEM. ⥬  
ࠧ ᪮ ॡ   ࠩ    ᥣ ⪠ 
.

          ᥣ⮢ ⪠

 ᮧ  ᥣ⮢ ⪠ DBA    ᯮ짮 ᫥騩
ᨭ⠪ :

    CREATE [ PUBLIC ] ROLLBACK SEGMENT name
    [ TABLESPACE tablespace ]
    STORAGE ( [ INITAL n ] [ NEXT n ]
              [ MINEXTENTS n ] [ MAXEXTENTS { n | NULL } ]
              [ PCTINCREASE n ] ) ]

 ⪠  㤥 ᯮ짮,    㤥 墠祭  
 ORACLE;  ᫥⥫쭮, ⮫쪮  ᮧ ᥣ ⪠  㤥
ᯮ짮,     㤥 ⠭  ⮢    
墠  ᥣ   PUBLIC  १   䠩 INIT.ORA.




                                   -- 168 --



 ⪠   ᮧ   ⠡筮 ࠭⢥,  ।-
⥫쭥      ࠭⢠,  ﭭ   ﭨ
online,  ⠪  ⠡筮 ࠭⢮, ᮤঠ饥 ⨢ ᥣ ⪠  
    뢥   offline.

        騥   ᥣ ⪠

    騥 ᥣ ⪠  㫠 訢  ஬  
 ,   ६   易 ⮫쪮     ஬
ORACLE.   㬮砭 ᥣ ⪠   (᪫ ᥣ SYSTEM)
   ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  ஬, 訬   ࠬ
ROLLBACK_ SEGMENTS.

    騩 ᥣ ⪠  ᮧ    ᯮ짮  祢
᫮ PUBLIC.  騥 ᥣ  㪠뢠  䠩 INIT.ORA 
 ⭮ , ⠪  । 㯭묨
 㦤饬     .    ࠬ 䠩
INIT.ORa    騥 ᥣ.

⮡ ᮧ  ᥣ ⪠,   祢 ᫮ PUBLIC 
 ᮧ.  ᥣ   ᯮ짮,    
ࠬ ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS  । .

        ᫥ ᥣ⮢ ⪠

 ᫥,  ᪮쪮  ᯮ ᥣ ⪠,  
᫮  DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS  DBA_SEGMENTS.  ஬ ⮣,  
ᯮ짮  MONITOR ROLLBACK -  SQL*DBA.

         ࠧ஢ ᥣ⮢ ⪠

  㬥 ࠬ  ᥣ ⪠    SQL -
:
    ALTER [ PUBLIC ] ROLLBACK SEGMENT name
        STORAGE ( [ NEXT n ]
        [ MAXEXTENTS { n | NULL} ]
        [ PCTINCREASE n ] )

       ⮫쪮  騥  ⥭,  ᯮ㥬 ᥣ
⪠  ࠣ.  ᫨ ᥣ ⪠ 騩, 室 㪠
祢 ᫮ PUBLIC.    ⢨⥫쭠   
/騩  ᥣ⮢ ⪠.

        ⬥ ᥣ⮢ ⪠

   ॡ  㤠  ᥣ ⪠    ᫥ 稭:

* ᥣ ⠫ ᨫ쭮 ࠣ஢, 騬  讣 ᫠ ⥭⮢
* ᥣ   ॡ, ⠪  ᯮ짮訩    
  㤥 ࠡ  
*   ᮧ     騩
*      ᥣ  㣮 ⠡筮 ࠭⢮

 㤠 ᥣ 믮 ᫥饥:





                                   -- 169 --



    1. ⮢,   .
    2. ᮥ,  ᯮ  짮⥫  ਢﬨ DBA
    3. ஢,  ⬥塞 ᥣ  ᯮ  騩 ,
       ᨢ  ᫮   DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS.
    4.  SQL - :

          DROP [ PUBLIC ] ROLLBACK SEGMENT name

᫨ ᥣ  ⪠ ॡ   ⥬, ᮧ 㣮.

        ஢ ⠡ ࠭

     뢠   4,  ⠡  ࠭⢠   ᠬ 㯭
᪨ ⮬ .   ᯮ  । ,
ॢ  offline/online  ⠭. 쭥訥  ࠧ  뢠
᫥騥  㭪樨  ᮯ஢ ⠡ ࠭:
    * ᮧ  ࠭
    * ᫥  (ਭ)   ஫஢ ᯮ짮
        ⠡筮 ࠭⢠
    * 㢥祭 ࠧ஢ ࠭⢠ (⥬  䠩)
    * ⠭    ࠧ㬥    ࠭⢠
      ࠬ஢ 
    * २ 䠩  ࠭⢥
    * ॢ ⠡ ࠭  ﭨ online/offline
    * 㤠 (⬥) ⠡ ࠭

⢥騥 ⨬  㭪 SQL -  (CREATE TABLESPACE, ALTER
TABLESPACE, DROP TABLESPACE) ॡ  짮⥫ ਢ DBA.  
 権  ஢   믮 ⮫쪮  ࠭⢠,
뢥묨  offline.

          ⠡筮 ࠭⢠

     ᮧ  襣      짮⥫  㯨
 ᯮᮡ:
*   ⠡筮 ࠭⢮      CREATE TABLESPACE
*   䠩  饥 ⠡筮 ࠭⢮   
  ALTER TABLESPACE

      ࠭⢮    ᫥騬 稭:
* ᯥ樠쭮  ࠧ饭 ६ ᥣ⮢
*  㬥襭 ७樨  /뢮
*  襭 奬 ஢/⠭
*  ஫  ᠬ 짮⥫
*  ࠧ  ⠡  ᮢ

⠪   ᮧ   ⠡筮 ࠭⢠ ᫥騩:

    CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace
    DATAFILE filespec [, filespec ] ...
    [ DEFAULT STORAGE (
       [ INITAL n ] [ NEXT n ]
       [ MINEXTENTS n ] [ MAXEXTENTS { n | NULL } ]
       [ PCTINCREASE n ] ] )
    [ ONLINE | OFFLINE ]




                                   -- 170 --



 ⠡筮 ࠭⢠   㪠    -  䠩
樮 ⥬.  䨪 filespec   ⭮ 樮
⥬.
 㬮砭 ⠡筮 ࠭⢮ ᫥ ᮧ ⠭ online.

砭: ᫨    ᮧ  ࢮ  ᫥ SYSTEM ⠡筮 ࠭⢮ 
 ⮫쪮  ᥣ ⪠, 室 ⠪  ᮧ ⥫
ᥣ ⪠.  ன ᥣ ⪠ 室 ᮧ  ᮧ ண
⠡筮 ࠭⢠.

        祭 ⠡筮 ࠭⢠ ( 䠩)

     㢥祭 ࠧ ⠡筮 ࠭⢠   室 
 䠩.   㤥   䠩 ࠭⢠, ⠪    㪠 
 CREATE TABLESPACE.    䠩 室 믮
᫥騥 樨:
    1.    ⮩;  ⠡筮 ࠭⢮     
       online, ⠪   offline.
    2.  SQL*DBA  ᮥ    DBA.
    3. 믮  ᫥饣 :

    ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace
    ADD DATAFILE filespec [, filespec] ...

⠪ filespec ⥬ᨬ;   ⠫ﬨ    "㪮
짮⥫  ⠫樨". ᫨  㪠  饣 䠩  -
१ ।᪠㥬.

          ਭ ᯮ짮   ⠡筮 ࠭⢥

    ᪮쪮 ⠡ ᫮       ᫥, ᪮쪮
 ।, ᯮ,   ᯮ.  ⭮,  
 ࠡ  ᫥騬 ࠬ:
    * DBA_SEGMENTS
    * DBA_EXTENTS
    * DBA_FREE_SPACE

          祭  짮⥫  ⠡筮 ࠭⢥

 짮⥫ ਢ RESOURCE  ⠡筮 ࠭⢥,  
 㪠 ।쭮 ⢮ ⮢, ஥   ⢮ 
⮬ ࠭⢥. ਬ:

    GRANT RESOURCE (1300) ON TSPACE_TWO TO NANCY

         ᯮ짮  ᭨    .
᫨ 짮⥫ 㦥   , 祬  祭 ࠭祭, 
쭥襬   ᬮ 訢 ,   㬥  ᯮ짮
  ࠭祭.

    祭 㬠稢  ࠬ஢       ⠡筮 ࠭⢠

  ࠪ⨪ ⠡筮 ࠭⢠  ࠬ  ࠭祭
  ᮧ   ⠡   ᮢ. ᯮ 樨  
CREATE TABLESPACE,    ⠭  祭   ᮧ
࠭⢠.  ᠭ ⠪   ࠬ஢   ,     INITAL,  NEXT  
PCTINCREASE ᮤন   4 ⮣ 㬥.


                                   -- 171 --



           㬠稢 ࠬ஢ 

 ⮣  ᯮ ᫥騩  (   祢 ᫮
DEFAULT STORAGE):

    ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace
    DEFAULT STORAGE (
    [ INITIAL bytes ] [ NEXT bytes ]
        [ MINEXTENTS int ] [ MAXEXTENT int ]
        [ PCTINCREASE pct ] )

  २ 䠩 ⠡筮 ࠭⢠

 ।  䠩  ன⢠    ࠧ஢ 
 ॡ २ 䠩.    ⮣ ᯮ ᫥騩 SQL
- :
    ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace
    RENAME DATAFILE text [, text ] ... TO text [, text ] ...

          ॢ ⠡筮 ࠭⢠  offline

 ᫥騬  稭     ॢ ⠡筮 ࠭⢮
 ﭨ offline:
    * ᤥ   ࠭⢥ 㯭묨 (६)
    * ᢮  㣨 楫 , ᯮ㥬 ࠭⢮
    * 믮   楤 ᮯ஢ (ਬ -  䠩
       ஢),      믮  ⮣   易⥫쭮
      宦  offline.

 ॢ ࠭⢠  offline 믮 ᫥騥 蠣:
    1. ,   .
    2. ᮥ      ᯮ짮  祢  ᫮ INTERNAL.
    3. ஢,   ⮬ ࠭⢥  ⨢  ᥣ⮢ ⪠,
       ᨢ  ᫮  DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS. ᫨ - ⨢
       ᥣ ,   ᬮ ॢ  offline ⠡筮 ࠭⢮.
    4. 믮  ᫥饣 :

    ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace
    OFFLINE [ NORMAL | IMMEDIATE ]

    ᯮ ࠬ NORMAL, ⮡  짮⥫  ଠ쭮
 ᢮ ࠡ  IMMEDIATE -  ⮡  ॢ ࠭⢮  offline 
 砥.

    筮 ࠭⢮  㤥  ⠢  offline (  
⠭   ⮢)         ॢ   online.

    ᫨   ⠡筮  ࠭⢥ 室   ⠡, ᯮ
 㣨 ࠭⢠,   ⨬ ⠡栬  믮   
ᨬ  , ࠭ ⨬஬.   ஡ ࠧ᭥,
   ᯥ譮,    4.

          ॢ ⠡筮 ࠭⢠  online

 㯠      ⠡筮  ࠭⢮    ﭨ online.
 ⮣ 믮 ᫥騥 ⢨:



                                   -- 172 --



    1. ஢,   ஢,  
    2. ᮥ, ᯮ 祢 ᫮ INTERNAL
    3.  SQL - :

    ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace ONLINE

          ⬥ ⠡ ࠭

 ࠭⢠   ⬥,   ᫨ ᮤঠ . 
믮 ⮣ ᯮ  :

    DROP TABLESPACE tablespace [ INCLUDING CONTENTS ]

祢 ᫮ INCLUDING CONTENTS   ⬥  ࠭⢮  
稥   .

        ࠢ   ⠡  ஢

 ⠡    ஢    ࠧ , 易
ࠢ   ꥪ⮢.    ।:
    *    ⠡筮 ࠭⢥ 㤥 ᯮ ⠡  
    *  ⢮   । ࢮ砫쭮
    *  ⢮  뤥  ࠧ,  ॡ-
       ⥫쭠 
    * ᪮쪮      ( ।)
    *       ᨬ쭮  ᯮ짮 ⠡  

ࠬ  ⠭  ᫥ SQL - :
    * CREATE TABLE  CREATE CLUSTER
    * ALTER TABLE  ALTER CLUSTER
    * CREATE TABLESPACE ( ⠭ 㬠稢  祭  ࠭⢠,
      ᮤঠ饣 ⠡  )

 ࠬ, 㪠   CREATE TABLE ४뢠 ᮮ⢥騩
ࠬ   CREATE  TABLESPACE.   ࠧ, ⠡ 
"㭠᫥" ࠬ  ⠡筮 ࠭⢠, ᫨  ᮧ 
ࠬ    㪠뢠    CREATE TABLE.

    ࠬ     ४뢠 ᮮ⢥騥 ࠬ 室
  ⠡.

           ᯮ ⠡  ⠡ ࠭⢠

  ᮧ ⠡   ࠭⢥,  ᫨   ਢ
RESOURCE.    㪠뢠  樨 TABLESPACE  CREATE TABLE.  ᫨ 
⠡筮 ࠭⢮  ᯥ஢, ⠡ ᮧ    ࠭⢥,
砥    ALTER USER   ࠭⢥ SYSTEM, ᫨ 祣
㣮  㪠.

ᯮ ⠡ ࠭⢠,  DBA  ।     
/뢮  ࠧ ன⢠.   ⮬  :
    * 祭 짮⥫ 㬠稢 ⠡ ࠭
    * ।祩 ਢ RESOURCE  ⠡ ࠭
    * 祭 짮⥫     ࠭⢠,   
      ਢ RESOURCE.

          ⠭ ࠬ஢   ⠡


                                   -- 173 --



 ࠬ       CREATE TABLE, ⠪ 
 CREATE TABLESPACE.  ࠬ ᫥騥 (஡  㦤  .4):
    INITIAL
    NEXT
    MAXEXTENTS
    MINEXTENTS
    PCTINCREASE

騥 ࠬ  㭨   ஢ CREATE TABLE  CREATE CLUSTER:
    PCTFREE
    PCTUSED    (஡ 뢠   5).

          ᫥   ⠡

    ⮡ 業 , 室 ⤥쭮, ਧ ⠡,
ᯮ 㫮,  .   ᯮ ᫥騥
ᮣ襭:
    * x - ᫮ ப  ⠡
    * y - ⢮ ⮫殢
    * len - । ࠧ ⮫
    *  ॡ ⥫쭮 90 ⮢
    * ப  ॡ  ⥫쭮 5 ⮢ (ଠ  ࠢ筨 ப)
    * ⮫ 室 ⥫쭮 1 

     १ 砥 ⢮   ⠡:
                   x rows * (5 bytes + y cols * (1 byte + len))
      # blocks =  
                  (blocksize - 90 bytes) * (1 - PCTFREE/100)
    祭:
                          x * (5 + y * (1+len))
      # blocks =  
                  (blocksize - 90) * (1 - PCTFREE/100)

⮡ ᫨   ࠧ     , 㬭  稢訩 १ 
ࠧ  (blksize)  .  饥  ⢮ ⮢  ᯮ짮 
ࠬ  INITIAL. 襥 ⢮  ॡ,  ᫨   
⠡ 讥  ⢮  祭 (null)   ப,   襥 -
᫨   讥 ⢮  ப  ⮫殢.

,  ।  ࠧ  ⮫      讥 ।-
 ⪫  ᨬ த  ⠡   ॠ 祭.

        ਭ ॠ쭮 ᯮ㥬 

⮡ ᬮ,   ᯮ  ப  ⠡,  뤠
, 宦  ᫥騩:
    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table
    GROUP BY SUBSTR (ROWID,6,14)

   ⢮ ப  ,   㬭   ।
 ப   । 㬬 ꥬ   .

        祭 ࠬ஢   ⠡

 ᫨ ⠡ ᮧ,  ࠬ       
 ALTER TABLE  ALTER TABLESPACE.      ࠬ 
᪫祭 INITIAL  MINEXTENTS.   ,  㦥 ।


                                   -- 174 --



⠡,    ; 㣨 ᫮,  騥 ꥪ 
 ᢮ ࠧ஢. ᫨  祭 PCTFREE  PCTUSED,   
騬   㤥 ਬ   ᯮ짮 .

            ࠢ ᭮ 

  ⠡ ᮧ   ࠭    ᨬ   ⠡.
      ᮧ  ⬥   ६ ᫥ ᮧ ⠡.
ଠ   ᠭ  .5.

          饭 ᮢ  ⠡ ࠭⢠

   ᮧ   ࠭⢥,  ண 짮⥫
 ਢ RESOURCE.  ࠧ,   ⠡   室
 㣨 ⠡ ࠭⢠,      㣨 ன⢠.

     ࠭஢ 㯠  ⠡  ﭨ online  
࠭⢠, ᮤঠ騥    .

          ᫥   ᮢ

  業 ࠧ ,   ॡ  ᫥ ⮣, 
  㦥  ⠡. 쬥 ᫥騥 ६:
    * x - ᫮ ப  ⠡
    * z - ᫮ 㥬 ⮫殢
    * len - ।  㥬 ⮫殢
    * 㭨   ॡ ⥫쭮  11  ⮢   ப 
      㭨 -10 ⮢ (6  ROWID, 3 -   ப  2 - 
      ࠢ筨 ப)

⮡  ⢮ ,  室   쥢, ᯮ
᫥ :
                     x rows * (11 bytes + z + len)
    #blocks = 
                (blocksize - 90) * (1 - PCTFREE/100)

⮡ । ॡ㥬 ⢮  ⮢, 㬭  १  ࠧ
 ORACLE.

 ⮣, ⮡ ᫨  ⢮ ⮢, 室 ᥬ 
(   ⢥), 㬭  ।騩 १  1.1.  
 ।,    ⢥ ॡ  10% ⥫
.

          롮 ࠬ஢   ᮢ

 ᮧ  ᮢ  筮  㬠稢묨 ࠬࠬ 
PCTxxx.  祭 ,  ᫨   ⭮ 㯠,  ⮣  
ᯮ짮  ॡ  襥 ⢮ . ,
 ࠬ PCTFREE ᯮ ⮫쪮  ᮧ    ᯮ
   祭  饬 .

 㭨쭮  ᥣ  짮  㬠稢 祭
PCTFREE.

 㭨쭮     砥,  ᫨  ।  讥
⢮ ப   㡫騬  祭ﬨ,  㢥  PCTFREE  
㬥襭 ⥭樠쭮 ࠧ  .

                                   -- 175 --



, ।塞  ,      SQL -
 ALTER INDEX.    ࠬ    ⮫쪮 
騥 ⥭.

        ࠭祭  ᮢ

 ⢥        祭  16 ⮫殢.
  ᭮    ॢ
          (block_size/2 -x)

 x - 㬬 ⥫ , 騥  樮 ⥬,
     騥    30  60 ⮢.

            ࠢ ࠬ

     -  ୠ⨢ ⮤     ⥬
ORACLE. ᯮ ,   㬥 ६ ᪠   ।
⨯ ᮢ  ᯮ 易    .  
  ⠫쭮  ଠ樨        5.  騥
ࠧ 뢠 ࠢ , ᯮ㥬 ࠬ.

         ஢

ᯮ짮 ஢ ᮡ ४, ᫨    ⠡ 
楯  ६ ᮢ.  , 易  ਧ樥,
ᬠਢ   5.   , 室 ,  
த   ࠭  .

஦ 롨ࠩ 祢 ⮫ :
    * ᫨  ਧ ⠡   ⮫
       騬,    ⠢
    * ᫨誮       祭    ਢ 
      ᯮ        ந⥫쭮
    * ᫨誮     祭     ᢥ  
      २⢠  - 讣 ࠧ .

          ⠡ 

  ᮤঠ ⢥ ⠡.  砥,   
⠡  ࠭஢  ਧ㥬.  ⠡  筮  
 ᪮쪨 騬 祭ﬨ   ⮫  訢.

          롮 ࠬ SIZE  

ਧ   ࠭ 筮 ਧ.  
⠪  ࠬ   ᫥           
⠡.  ⥫ ࠬ஬ ஢  SIZE.

 ᮧ   SIZE  CREATE CLUSTER । ।
㬬 ॡ     .    
⢠  ࠧ  ⮢   ,      ORACLE
RDBMS ਬ୮ , ᪮쪮 祩  ( ப)  
      ⥬ ORACLE.

             SIZE:




                                   -- 176 --



    * 㪠뢠  
    * ਬ  ᥬ ⠡栬 
    *  襭 祭, 祬 

          ਭ , ᯮ㥬 ࠬ

 ᫥ ,  ᯮ㥬 ࠬ,   ᫥騥 
᫮ : DBA_CLUSTERS, DBA_USER_SEGMENTS, DBA_EXTENTS, 
짮⥫᪨ ᨨ  ஢ (USER).

        㧪 ஢

᫥ ⮣,     ᮧ,  室    ⠡  
 CREATE TABLE. ਠ樨 ⮣     ,
⠪   ⠡:

  ਧ樨  ⠡ ᯮ ᫥騩 :

    CREATE TABLE new_table
    (col1 datatype, col2 datatype, ... ,coln datatype)
    CLUSTER cluster_name (table_column)

 ஢    饩  ⠡     ஬
ᮧ,  ਧ஢  ⠡   㧨   :

    CREATE TABLE new_table_name
    CLUSTER cluster_name (table_column)
    AS SELECT * FROM existing_table

  SELECT        ப   ⮫쪮  .
᫨ 室 㬥 ॡ    ᥣ ⪠, 
㦠 ଠ ﬨ.

, ᫥ ஢ન  㦥      ࠢ쭮,  ⬥
ਧ  ⠡:

    DROP TABLE existing_table

⥬, ᫨  室,  २  ᮧ    ⠡:

    RENAME new_table_name TO existing_table_name

   ᫥騥 ࠢ,   ਧ஢  ""  ""
⠡:

    * ᫨   ⠡,  ॡ 訥  室,
⠪     ᮡ 䨪樨  ᫮      砫
,  祭 ⠡.    ⠡ ६    .

    *  ६饭 ⠡  묨 ॡ   ࠡ, ⠪   
騥    ⠭  ⠡   ,   
ॡ 讣 ⢠ ⮢   ᥣ ⪠.

    * ᮢ  㧪  ⠡       稭 让
㧪  ⥬

          ⬥ ஢


                                   -- 177 --



। ⥬   㤥 ⬥,   ⬥  室騥  
⠡,  ᪫祭 ,  㪠뢠  INCLUDING TABLES.

    ⬥ ਧ ⠡ 믮 ,  祬   蠥
ࠡ  㣨 ⠡栬 .

            ࠢ ६묨 ᥣ⠬

 짮⥫  ।⢥  ,  ᮧ   
ᯮ ६ ᥣ⮢,  ORACLE RDBMS ﭭ   㦤 
믮 SQL - ஢.    4 ᫥ SQL  - ,  
 믮 㦭 ६ ᥣ. ORACLE RDBMS ᮧ ६
ᥣ   楫  짮⥫, ᨬ   ਢ.  
ࠧ 뢠 ⢨,    ।ਭ  ࠢ
६묨 ᥣ⠬.

          ᫥ ⢠ ६ ᥣ⮢

 ᮧ    ,  ६ ᥣ  ;
 ᮧ ᪨   ࠡ. ஥  ⢮  ६
ᥣ⮢ ᮧ  祭 ᥠ 짮⥫;  ᥣ ⬥,
 ᪮ 室   ⯠.  ⮡ 㧭,  ⢮
६   ᪮쪮   ᯮ,  ᫥騥
 ᫮ :  USER_SEGMENTS, ALL_SEGMENTS, DBA_SEGMENTS  ᫮,
 -  ⮫ SEGMENT_TYPE ࠢ TEMPORARY.

          ᫥ ᯮ ६ ᥣ⮢.

ࠢ ᯮ ६ ᥣ⮢,  ᮧ  ।
짮⥫,    SQL -  ALTER USER.   㬮砭
६  ᥣ  ᮧ    ⠡筮 ࠭⢥ SYSTEM.  
  ࠭⢠   ६ ᥣ⮢ ⭮ 짮⥫
ᯮ :

    ALTER USER username TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tablespace

६ ᥣ । ᨬ   짮⥫  
࠭⢥.

          ᫥ ࠧ஢ ६ ᥣ⮢

p ६  ᥣ   ࠬ஢  ⠡筮 ࠭-
⢠,  ஬  ᮧ.  ६ ᥣ⮢  뤥 ᯥ樠쭮
⠡筮 ࠭⢮   ⮬ 砥     ࠢ
।   .

      17           :      

 ⮩  㦤  DBA  ஫   㯮  
.   뢠:
* ࠧ    ६  ⨯   ਢ (CONNECT, RESOURCE, DBA)
* ।⠢ 짮⥫  ਢ   -  GRANT
* ⬥ ਢ
*  ⠪ ਡ⮢ 짮⥫,   ஫,  , 㬮砭
   ⠡ ࠭,  ᯮ짮 SQL -  ALTER USER
* ᯮ짮  ।  ஫  ᫥ 㯠   



                                   -- 178 --



 ⮩  뢠 ࠢ 㯮     楫.  㦤
ᮢ ஫  ஢ન 㯠  ⤥ ꥪ⠬  ਢ 
 18.

           짮⥫

   易 DBA - ।⠢ 짮⥫ ᫨⥫쭮
⥬  ࠡ    ORACLE.   ⮣, ⮡ ࠡ  
묨  ORACLE,   ० ᥣ       
樮 ⥬.     㯠   ⥬ 
⥬,  筮 ॡ  ⨯ 䨪 짮⥫  ஫. 
祭      ⥬  ORACLE     ᯥ稢 㯠 
ணࠬ   ORACLE.

,  ਢ 樮 ⥬   ॡ   㯠
  ORACLE;  ᯥ  樮 ⥬ ॡ   
⥬ ORACLE 㦤   "㪮⢥ 짮⥫  ⠫樨".

⮡ 짮⥫  稫     ORACLE,    
⢨⥫  ⭮   짮⥫    ஫.   
짮⥫  ᫮  ࠭ ᫥ ଠ:
*     짮⥫  ⠪  ਢ  :   CONNECT, RESOURCE  DBA

* 㬠稢 ⠡筮 ࠭⢮  ᮧ  짮- ⥫ ⠡,
  ஢  ᮢ
* ࠧ㬥 ࠭⢮ 짮⥫  ᮧ ६ ᥣ⮢

  ६ DBA   ᮧ      짮⥫ ⥬ ORACLE,
ᯮ  GRANT  樥 CONNECT. ஬ ⮣,   ।⠢
  ᪮쪮  ਢ (᪮쪨 짮⥫), ᯮ
 :

    GRANT { CONNECT | RESOURCE | DBA } TO username1 [, username2]
    IDENTIFIED BY password1 [, password2 ]

ਬ:

    GRANT CONNECT TO FRIEDA IDENTIFIED BY SANTAFE

 ⢥ ᪫祭,   짮⥫  ஫ ( ਬ - FRIEDA
 SANTAFE,  ᮮ⢥⢥) ⥬ ORACLE   易  樮
⥬. ਬ  FRIEDA  짮⥫   樮  ⥬ 
 FLAWRENCE  ஫ - COAL.  DBA  樨஢  짮⥫
RACLE   䨪஬ 짮⥫  樮  ⥬  饭
 室  ⥬ (.  ࠧ "⮬᪠ ॣ").

ࠧ IDENTIFIED BY 室, ᫨ 㤥 ।⠢ ਢ CONNECT.
᫨  짮⥫ 㦥 ,   ࠧ IDENTIFIED BY 
।⠢ ⥫ ਢ, ਬ:

    GRANT RESOURCE TO FRIEDA

 ⮬ 砥 짮⥫ 砥 ਢ RESOURCE,  ன ࠭ 
.





                                   -- 179 --



ORACLE RDBMS  ᥬ 짮⥫    ਮ ( ᨬ
 ᮢ ⥬).    짮⥫ ࠧ    
ᮮ⢥⢨    ।⠢묨   ਢﬨ.  ਢ
ᬠਢ  ᫥ ࠧ.

          짮⥫  ਢ CONNECT

짮⥫     ਢ  CONNECT  㯠   .
 ⠪  짮⥫    짮⥫  ஫.
 짮⥫, ᨬ  ஫,  ࠧ  ⥬
ORACLE.

 짮⥫  ஫   ᫮ .  ஫ ࠭ 
஢   ,  DBA,    .  ࠧ 
ॣ樨 짮⥫   짮⥫  ஫ ᢥ  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
騬  ᫮.

짮⥫ 筮  ⮫쪮 ਢ CONNECT.     :
    * 뢠 ("connect to")    ORACLE
    * 訢  (ᬠਢ)    㣨  짮⥫ (
      SELECT  ⠡  ஢),  ᫨  ⨬ ꥪ⠬  ਢ
      PUBLIC  㯠 ⨯ SELECT.
    * 믮 樨 㫨஢  묨 (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)
      ⠡ 㣨 짮⥫, ᫨ ᮮ⢥騩  ࠧ襭.
    * ᮧ , ᨭ  裡  㣨 
    * 믮 ᯮ 짮⥫  ⠡ 짮⥫.

    ᮧ  ⠡,  , ᫥⥫쭮 
.

    ᫨   ।⠢ 㦥 ⢮襬 짮⥫ ਢ CONNECT,
 ꥪ ⠭ ⢮  짮⥫  "㭠᫥".

᫨      ࠡ⠥   ᪮쪮       짮⥫
室   祬  ,  DBA  ।⠢   ਢ
CONNECT     ⤥쭮.  ࠢ 㯠 ।⠢   
ᨬ     ORACLE, ࠡ饣  .

          짮⥫  ਢ RESOURSE

᫨ 짮⥫   ਢ  RESOURCE    CONNECT,   
짮 ᥬ ﬨ, ।⠢塞묨 CONNECT  ⥫쭮 -
ᮧ  ꥪ    (⠡, ,     ᫥⥫쭮).
஬ ⮣,      몫 ॣ 饭   
ꥪ⠬,   ⠪   ⬥ ਢ  ᢮ ꥪ 㣨
짮⥫.

ਢ RESOURCE   ।⠢ ᫥騬  ᯮᮡ:

    * ࠭祭  (  ⠡筮 ࠭  ):
    GRANT RESOURCE TO STEPHANIE
    *  ⮫쪮  㪠 ࠭⢠,   :
    GRANT RESOURCE ON TABLESPACE RESEARCH TO DEBORAH
    *   㪠 ࠭⢠  ⠬ :

    GRANT RESOURCE ON TABLESPACE RESEARCH (25000) TO ROBIN



                                   -- 180 --



    ࠭祭 ਢ  RESOURCE   ।⠢
⮫쪮 ⥬ 짮⥫,    ᮡࠥ ࠭稢   롮
⠡筮  ࠭⢠    .  筮 ਢ 짮⥫
।⠢  SQL -  ࠬ: CONNECT -  ।⠢ ࠢ
㯠  RESOURCE  㯠  । ⠡ ࠭⢠.  
   ⢫  ⪨ ஫  ᯮ짮 
짮⥫ﬨ.

        짮⥫  ਢ DBA

    ᫨   짮⥫   ਢ DBA,    ᥬ ਢﬨ,
।⠢塞묨 CONNECT   RESOURCE. ⥫쭮    :

    *     짮⥫  믮   SQL -
       (஬  ꥪ⮢,  ਭ  짮⥫ SYS)

    * ।⠢  ⬥ (GRANT/REVOKE) ⥬  ਢ 
      ਢ ⭮⥫쭮 짮⥫᪨ ꥪ⮢

    * ᮧ ᨭ ⨯ PUBLIC ( 㯭 ᥬ 짮⥫
      ⥬ ORACLE)

    * 믮 樨  ᮯ஢ , ਬ -  ⠡
      ࠭      䠩,  ॢ  ⠡ ࠭  online 
      offline, १ࢭ ஢  ⠡ ࠭  娢஢
      䠩 ୠ
    * ࠢ  ⥬묨  ।⢠  ஫  㯠   㬮砭ﬨ
       ஫ 㯠  ஢ ⠡
    * 믮 ⥫   ᯮ .

⥬ ORACLE   讥 ⢮  DBA,  ⠪   ஬
    짮⥫  ਢ DBA.   - ப 㣠
⥩,  묨  DBA,  ⠪ 짮⥫  
࠭祭.

     ⥬ ORACLE  ⠫      짮⥫ﬨ DBA: SYS 
SYSTEM.  (ᠭ  짮⥫ .    2).    
짮⥫ 室  㭪樮஢ ⥬, ࠢ  㯠 
⥬ ORACLE    ( ᪫祭 砫 ஫).

    易 DBA  믮  짮⥫,  ॣ஢訩 
SYSTEM  㣨 짮⥫,  ।⠢ ਢ DBA ᯥ樠쭮
 믮  㭪権.

    짮⥫ DBA  ࠧ   .   ࠡ   
᮫⭮ ,    ࠡ  ⨫⮩ SQL*DBA  믮 
 室   ⥬ ਢ. ஡   ਢ஢
 SQL*DBA     2  ਫ  ⮣ 㬥, 
⠪  "㪮⢥ 짮⥫      ⠫樨"    襩  樮
⥬.

          祭 짮⥫ 㬠稢 ⠡ ࠭

    筮 ࠭⢮ SYSTEM  㬠稢   ᮧ ꥪ⮢
 ६ ᥣ⮢.  ⮡  㬮砭, ᯮ  ᫥饣
:



                                   -- 181 --



    ALTER USER user
    [ IDENTIFIED BY username ]
    [ DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace ]
    [ TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tablespace ]

ਬ, ⮡      㬠稢 ⠡ ࠭⢠
짮⥫ LEE,  㦥 饣   ⥬, 室  :

    ALTER USER LEE
    DEFAULT TABLESPACE TS10
    TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP3

஬ ⮣,  LEE   ਢ RESOURCE  ⠡ ࠭,
祭   㬮砭  ᮧ ⠡  ६ ᥣ⮢.

    GRANT RESOURCE ON TS10 TO LEE.

    , ᫨  짮⥫  LEE  ᮧ ⠡  㪠 ⠡筮
࠭⢠  (  TABLESPACE),    ᮧ  ࠭⢥ TS10. 
६ ᥣ, ⭮騥  LEE,  ᯮ  ⠡筮
࠭⢥ TEMP3.

    ᫨  㬠稢 ࠭⢮  LEE -  TS10,       ।⠢
  ਢ  RESOURCE  TS10,    ⪥ ᮧ ⠡  ⮬
࠭⢥ (  㪠  ,   㪠 ) 짮⥫ 
ᮮ饭  訡.    ᬮ ᮧ ⠡   ,    
।⠢   ਢ RESOURCE  ⠡筮 ࠭⢠ TS10.

        ⠭ 짮⥫   ⠡ ࠭⢠

    ਢ RESOURCE  ⠡筮 ࠭⢥    ।⠢
᫮,   짮⥫ 㤥  ࠭祭  
ᯮ짮  (   ).    ᫥騬
ࠧ:

    GRANT RESOURCE ON TABLESPACE tablespace TO username

   ࠭   짮⥫, :

    GRANT RESOURCE (n) ON tablespace TO username

     n  -  ।쭮  ᫮ ⮢,  㯭 짮⥫  ⠡筮
࠭⢥ tablespace.   ࠭஢,  n - ॠ쭮  ࠭祭
(ਬ  -  ॢ饥,   , 㬠稢 祭  ࠬ
INITAL    ⮣   ⠡筮 ࠭⢠).

 ᫥饬  ਬ  ,    짮⥫ LEE  ⠡筮
࠭⢥ TS10 ࠭祭 100000 ⮢:

    GRANT RESOURCE (100000) ON TS10 TO LEE

    ⮡ ᬮ ⥪騥   㬬 ᯮ㥬  饥 ६
࠭⢠ ,  室   ᫮  USER_TS_QUOTAS 

,  ६ ᥣ  稭 ⠬,  ⮬   
室  ⥫ .

          ⠡ ࠭

                                   -- 182 --



     ᯮ  ⮩     GRANT RESOURCE, 
㪠   㣮 ⢮ ⮢.  ᫨   祭  
ண   㦥 ॢᨫ ,  訡  .  짮⥫ 
ᬮ  ।  - ⥫ ,    ᯮ㥬    
   祭 .

        ⬥ 㯠  ⠡筮 ࠭

  ⬥ 㯠  ⠡筮 ࠭ ᯮ  :

    REVOKE RESOURCE ON tablespace FROM username

,   ࠭祭 ਢ RESOURCE  ⥬ ४뢠 
⠫.  ⮬ 짮⥫   ᮧ ꥪ     ⠡筮
࠭⢥  ࠭祭 ,  ਢ  㤥 ⬥:

    REVOKE RESOURCE FROM username

          ⮬᪠ ॣ

 ॣ樨 짮⥫ ORACLE     ᯮ짮 
  樮 ⥬,   ᭮   짮⥫ ORACLE.
२⢮ ⮣ ⮨  ⮬,  짮⥫   ॣ஢  
⥬ ORACLE ᪮쪮 ॥  㤮.  ⠪  ।⠢
   ⮬᪮ ॣ樨 ᫥騩:

    GRANT CONNECT TO OPS$sysid IDENTIFIED BY password

ਬ,  ॣ樨 짮⥫, 祩 ⥬   OPUS,
:

    GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE TO OPS$OPUS IDENTIFIED BY PENRUINS

    ⠪  GRANT 祭  筮    ᪫祭 䨪
"OPS$",   㪠뢠  ⮬ ॣ 짮⥫.

    ஫ ( 襬 ਬ - PENGUINS)     ந쭮 ப.
᫥⢨    . ஫  ⮬᪮ ॣ樨
  㭨묨;   ,    ਬ ᯮ짮 ப  "XYZ"  
⢥ ஫  ⮬᪨ ॣ 짮⥫.

    ᫥⢨, ᫨ 짮⥫ ॣ஢   樮 ⥬
 OPUS,   㦭 㪠뢠  室  ORACLE   짮⥫,  
஫.  ਬ, ᫥   SQLPLUS   㢨  ORACLE  
짮⥫  ஫.    ⢥  <Return>  ORACLE 㤥  ᪠
  ⠡ ᫮ 짮⥫  ,  뫮 㪠  ॣ樨 
樮 ⥬ (OPUS),       ⥬ 
OPS$OPUS. ୠ⨢, 짮⥫  맢 SQL* Plus ᫥騬
ࠧ:

    SQLPLUS /

    짮⥫     易    ORACLE,  㪠  
짮⥫  ஫.  ਬ,  짮⥫, - ஢訩 
樮 ⥬   BILL,    뤠 :

    CONNECT OPS$OPUS/PENGUINS


                                   -- 183 --



 ⮬ 砥,   ᫨  ⥬  짮⥫ BILL, ORACLE ࠧ
ॣ  OPS$OPUS, ᪮ 㪠 ࠢ ஫.  ⥫쭮,
  , ⮡  짮⥫, ॣ騩 ⮬᪨,
 ᥪ ஫.   ஫   ⥬ ORACLE   ,  ᫨
짮⥫ ᬥ ᢮ ⥬ ஫.

        짮⥫ ORACLE - "OPS$OPUS",  ꥪ, 
ᮧ (⠡, ,   ..),  稭  ⮣ .  

    SELECT * FROM OPS$OPUS.FISH

          祭 ⢨  ॣ樨 짮⥫

 ਢ 祭 ⢨  ॣ樨  - ⥫ ⥬
ORACLE:

1. ,    樨஢    짮⥫  ⥬ ORACLE 
   䨪஬ 짮⥫ 樮 ⥬.
   ᫨     ।⠢ 짮⥫  ⥫
   㤮⢠,    짮⥫, 稭饥  OPS$.
2.   짮⥫  ஫, 㪠 OPS$, ᫨ 

        GRANT CONNECT TO username IDENTIFIED BY password

᫨ 짮⥫  㤥 ᮧ   ⠡,    㤥 ࠡ ⮫쪮 
騬, ⮣  ࠡ 祭 (.   9).

3. ᫨ 짮⥫ 㤥 ᮧ ⠡,  ।,   
   ⠡筮 ࠭  㤥  .
4.   ⠡筮 ࠭⢠ , 㤥  짮⥫
   ᯮ짮 ࠭祭      । .
5. ।⠢ 짮⥫ ਢ RESOURCE    ⠡筮
   ࠭⢠, 㪠  室   .

        GRANT RESOURCE (n) ON TABLESPACE tablespace TO username

(   㦤    ।⠢  ਢ RESOURCE   ⠡
 ࠭  㯮 PUBLIC,       㪠   ⠪
 ࠭⢥).

6. ᫨    ,  ⮡  짮⥫    㬠稢 ࠭⢮
    ᮧ ꥪ⮢,  ⫨筮  SYSTEM, 롥 .

7. ᫨    ,  ⮡  짮⥫    㬠稢 ࠭⢮
    ᮧ ६ ⠡,  ⫨筮   SYSTEM, 롥 .
8.    㬠稢 ⠡ ࠭⢠   
   ALTER USER.
9. ।⠢ 짮⥫ ᫥ ଠ:
    *  짮⥫  ஫  ⥬ ORACLE
    *    ⠡  ࠭⢠      , ᫨
       
    *  ࠧ ॣ஢  ORACLE
    *  㯮 ଠ ᬮ  ᫮ 

             ஫




                                   -- 184 --



஫  짮⥫ ⥬ ORACLE    ᠬ 짮⥫
 DBA.   짮⥫  DBA  뤠  GRANT CONNECT  
஫, ਬ:

    GRANT CONNECT TO username IDENTIFIED BY newpassword

    DBA  ᯮ짮 㣮 :

    ALTER USER username IDENTIFIED BY newpassword

 ஫ ࠭    ஢    ( DBA)  
㢨 ⢨⥫ ஫.

             짮⥫

 ⮣, ⮡ ⮡  짮⥫ - ਢ ,
ᯮ  REVOKE:

    REVOKE { CONNECT | RESOURCE | DBA } FROM username
ਬ:
    REVOKE CONNECT FROM EDISON

짮⥫᪨ ਢ     ६   ⮫쪮 DBA,
ᯮ SQL -  GRANT    REVOKE.  짮⥫᪨ ਢ
  㢥祭  㬥襭   롮筮 뤠  ⬥.

᫨  짮⥫ ⮡࠭ ਢ CONNECT,   ᬮ   
⥬ ORACLE,      ਢ.

 㤠 짮⥫     ᫮  , ਭ騥 
⠡ த ⢮.  DBA  ᠬ   ⨬ ⠡栬 
।⠢ ࠢ    㣨 짮⥫.   믮 
権, ਬ - ⬥ ᨭ,  DBA  ᮥ    
㤠 짮⥫.   ⮣  ६  짮⥫  ।⠢
ਢ CONNECT,   ⬥ (REVOKE) ᫥ 믮 室
⢨.

    ᫨ ࠭  ⢮訩  짮⥫ ॣ ஬
,   "᫥"  騥 ꥪ, ࠭ ᮧ ।騬 

            樮 ஫ 㯠  

 樮 ஫  ORACLE RDBMS - ,   ࠧ,  ।⢮ 
᫥ ࠡ 짮⥫  .    㡫 ,  
,   㤠.  DBA    몫 ।⢮
ॣ樨 㯠.  ᫨  祭, DBA :
    * ᫥ ᯥ / 㤠 ⪨ ᮥ/
      ᮥ / 
    * ᫥ ।⠢ (GRANT)  ⬥ (REVOKE) ਢ
    * /몫    ⠡ ॣ樮 ஫
    * ⠭ 㬠稢 樨 ॣ樮 ஫  ⠡
      

 ਬ, DBA  ॣ஢:
    * 㤠 ⪨ 饭  
    *   㯠  ᥪ  (⠡栬)
    *   ᯮ ஢ GRANT/REVOKE


                                   -- 185 --



          祭 ॣ樮 ஫

樮 ஫  㬮砭 ⪫祭.      祭
   ORACLE.  ⮣  ⠭    TRUE ࠬ
AUDIT_TRAIL 䠩 INIT.ORA ( ࠬ ⠢  ਡ⨢ ⥬
  ﭨ  FALSE).  ⥬  ⮢     ᯮ짮
।஢ 䠩 INIT.ORA,   ⮬  ॣ樮 ஫
㯠.

᪮ ஫ 㯠 ⮬᪨, 짮⥫  DBA ᠬ 
। ⢨,    ஫஢   SQL - 
AUDIT.

    ⥬ 㬮砭  樨,
⠭:

* 㬠稢  樨  ॣ樮 ஫  ꥪ⮢  (ਬ -
  ॣ  ᯥ ⮪  ᠭ (ALTER)  ⠡
  )
* ⥬  樨  ஫  (ਬ - ॣ  㤠
  ⮪ 㯠  )

짮⥫ -  ⠡,  ஢  ᨭ  ᠬ  㪠,
 ⢨   ꥪ⠬ 室 ॣ- ஢ (.  18).

        ⠭ ⥬ 権 ॣ樨 㯠

DBA   ⠭ ⥬ 樨  ᫥ ࠧ
⢨  .    ⥬    㤥  ॣ஢
 믮 ⥬  AUDIT.

 㪠 砫 ॣ樨   ࠡ ⥬ 室
ᯮ짮  ᫥饣 :

    AUDIT { [ CONNECT ] [ DBA ] [ NOT EXISTS ] [ RESOURCE ] | ALL }
            [ WHENEVER [ NOT ] SUCCESSFUL ]
:
    CONNECT     ᮥ  ࠧꥤ    ORACLE.
    DBA         ਬ ᫥ ஢: GRANT, REVOKE,
               AUDIT, NOAUDIT, CREATE    DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM  DBLINK.

    NOT EXIST    饭  ꥪ⠬ , 
               稢 訡 "...not exist"( )  
                訡 襭 ,  ᫨   
               ᮡ 訡 942 (table or view does not exist - ⠡ 
                 ) ,  ࠧ WHENEVER [NOT]
               SUCCSESSFUL - 易⥫쭠.

    RESOURCE    ਬ ᫥ SQL - ஢:  CREATE,
               ALTER  DROP TABLE, VIEW, SYNONYM, CLUSTER, SEQUENCE,
               TABLESPACE, ROLLBACK SEGMENT  INDEX.

,    樨   ⨯ 믮塞   ਬ
 ᥬ 짮⥫  ꥪ⠬ .





                                   -- 186 --



ਬ, ᫥騩    㤥  뢠 ଠ  ୠ
ॣ樨 㯠  砥,   짮⥫ ᯥ譮  ᮥ  
  믮   DBA (..  , ॡ騩  믮
ਢ DBA)

    AUDIT CONNECT, DBA WHENEVER SUCCSESSFUL

          ᬮ ⥬ 権 ॣ樨 㯠

⮡ ᬮ ⥪騥 祭 権 ⥬ ॣ樨 㯠,
  ᫮  DBA_SYS_AUDIT_OPTS.   १  
ப ⠡, ਬ:

    SELECT * FROM DBA_SYS_AUDIT_OPTS

    C  D  N  R
    -  -  -  -
    F  S  -  -


          ᬮ १⮢  ୠ ॣ樨 㯠

 ॣ樨  뢠    ⢥ ⠡ .  ⮩
⠡ ᮧ    :  DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL   USER_AUDIT_TRAIL (ன -
 ࢮ;  㦤  ᫥饩 ).

 DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL ⥭樠쭮 ᮤন  ⨯ ଠ樨  諮
ࠡ .  ᨬ  ࠭ 樨 ⥬ ॣ樨
㯠      ᮤঠ  ⨯ ଠ樨  ࠡ   (⠪
  ॣ,  ᮧ ꥪ⮢  ଠ  ᥠ).

 ⮫  - ACTION  ACTION_NAME ⮡ࠦ ᮮ⢥⢥  ॣ-
 ⢨   , ਬ -  1 ᮮ⢥ 
CREATE TABLE.  ஬ ⮣,  ॣ஢ ᫥騥 :
    INSERT
    SELECT
    CREATE CLUSTER
    ALTER CLUSTER
    UPDATE
    DELETE
    DROP CLUSTER

 ⮫   ⮫쪮 ।묨 . ਬ  -
⮫ NEW_NAME   믮  RENAME,   ⨢ 砥
 ᮤন NULL.  -  ⮣,    ୠ ॣ樨 㯠 ⥭樠쭮
ᮤন 쬠 ࠧࠧ ଠ,  짮⥫   㤮
ᮧ ஢, 롨  ⮫쪮  ⤥ ॡ㥬 ⮫,  
롮ઠ  ᥬ ப ୠ.

           ᮥ  

᫨ ॣ  㯠 砥   ᫥饣 SQL - :

    AUDIT CONNECT WHENEVER NOT SUCCSESSFUL





                                   -- 187 --



  訢 ᮥ   (   ਬ  - ⮫쪮 㤠)
  ᠭ   ୠ.     㢨, ᨢ 
DBA_AUDIT_CONNECT,  뤠 롮  ଠ樨,  室饩 
DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL (⮫쪮 ଠ, ⭮  ᥠᠬ 짮⥫).

짮⥫  㢨 , ⭮騥   ᮡ⢥ ᥠᠬ,
  筮  - USER_AUDIT_CONNECT.  ,  ᫨
짮⥫ ᯥ譮 믮    ⮬ ,  ,  祭
ॣ ᮥ.

         ᯮ짮 ᮢ

砥 ஬ ॣ樨 ⥬ ᮢ:

    AUDIT RESOURCE WHENEVER NOT SUCCSESSFUL

 ⮬ 砥 ॣ   (㤠,   砥),
ॡ騥 ਢ RESOURCE.      DBA_AUDIT_RESOURCE,
  롮 ଠ樨  DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL ( ଠ,
⭮  ।  ᢮   ).

 짮⥫  ᬮ  ଠ, ⭮  ᯮ짮
    筮 , 뢠 USER_AUDIT_RESOURCE.

         ⢨ DBA

᫨ ॣ  㯠 砥   ᫥饣 SQL - :

    AUDIT DBA

   (ᯥ  ), ॡ騥 ਢ DBA  ⬥祭 
ୠ ॣ樨    襭 १  DBA_AUDIT_DBA.  
    롮     ଠ樨 DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL (  ⭮  
⪠ 믮 SQL - ஢ ). 짮⥫ 
  , 뢠 USER_AUDIT_DBA.

         ⮪ 饭   騬 ꥪ⠬

᫨ ॣ  㯠 砥   ᫥饣 SQL - :

    AUDIT NOT EXISTS

  , ⭮騥  ꥪ⠬ ,   , -
  ୠ ॣ樨 㯠.     ᬮ७ 
   DBA_AUDIT_EXISTS,  頥 롮 ଠ樨
 DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL, ⭮饩  SQL - ࠬ  ࠢ묨 
ꥪ⮢ .

 設⢥ 砥  ⮣ ⨯  ஢ - 訡
짮⥫,       ਮ᪨ ᬠਢ,  ᫨  
ᯮ  ᭮     筠 ⥫쭮 짮⥫.

        ⪫祭 ⥬ ॣ樨 㯠

 㪠 権 ॣ樨,     몫祭, ᯮ
 ᫥饣 :



                                   -- 188 --



    NOAUDIT { [ CONNECT ] [ DBA ] [ NOT EXISTS ] [ RESOURCE ] | ALL }
            [ WHENEVER [NOT ] SUCCSESSFUL ]
ਬ :
    NOAUDIT ALL WHENEVER NOT SUCCSESSFUL

⪫砥   ⮢,   ᮧ   㤠 ⪠
裡    ᮧ ꥪ⮢ .

        樠 짮⥫ "PUBLIC"

 ⥬ ORACLE ⮬᪨ ॣ 짮⥫ PUBLIC. 쭮
 짮⥫ ।⠢  ᮡ  㯯    짮⥫, 
ਢ CONNECT.  ⮩ 㯯  訢 (SELECT ...  ) 
⠡ ᫮     䨪ᠬ USER  ALL,  ⠪  ⠡, 
 짮⥫ 믮 ᫥ :

    GRANT SELECT ON tablename TO PUBLIC;

 짮⥫  ।⠢  PUBLIC  ⠡  ,
    ᮢ  짮⥫.   ⠡  
  ᮡ⢥,   ।⠢  ꥪ  ࠢ ।
ਢ.

         ⨯ PUBLIC

騥 ᨭ  (PUBLIC)  㯭 ᥬ 짮⥫ ⥬ ORACLE. ਬ,
뤠 ᫥ :

    CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM synname ON { table | view | synonym }

  ᮧ ᨭ  ⠡,     㣮 ᨭ,
   ᯮ짮 ᥬ 짮⥫ﬨ. 騥 ᨭ
⮬᪨      ஢ ᫮   ⮬
㯭.

⮡ 㢨,   ᨭ , :

    SELECT * FROM ALL_SYNONYMS;

騥 ᨭ  ᮧ ⮫쪮 짮⥫  ਢﬨ DBA.
짮⥫ ⥬ ORACLE   ᮧ  ꥪ   ,    饣
ᨭ,    쭥襬 ᫥ 饭  ⮬   㢨 ⮫쪮 ᢮
ꥪ    -  ꥪ, ஬    騩 ᨭ.   饭 
⮬ ꥪ 室 㪠   .

ਬ, ᫨ SCOTT ᮧ ⠡   DICTIONARY,   ६   
  ஢ ᫮ ⠪ 뢠 DICTIONARY.  , ⮡ ᬮ
 ᫮ ,  SCOTT   :

    SELECT * FROM SYS.DICTIONARY

      18               :    

 ⮩  㦤   ᭮,  易   ꥪ⠬ 
. ।,  짮⥫ 㦥 稫   ;  
  㯠    楫    17.



                                   -- 189 --



     砥 ᫥騥 ࠧ:
    * ⨯  ஢ 㯠  ꥪ⠬ 
    * ᫥ 㯠  ꥪ⠬ ।⢮ ॣ樮 ஫
    * SQL -   ࠢ ஫ 㯠  ꥪ⠬ 

 ࠧ  ꥪ⮢ ࠧ 짮⥫   ⠭ ࠧ
஢  (⮫쪮 ⥭,    㤠).  
ॣ樨 㯠 짮⥫  ᫥:
    *      ⠡
    * ⪨    ꥪ⮢

   㤥  ᭠ ࠬ ,  栬 ꥪ⮢ 
ࠢ   ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ.

               ⠡

 ⠡      ⥩  ।⠢ ࠢ 㣨
짮⥫ ᬠਢ     ᢮ ⠡.   
  ।⠢  SQL  - ஬ GRANT,    ࠭ 
㯭 .

          ᥬ   ⠡

 ⠡  ࠧ 㣨  짮⥫     ᥬ
 ⠡,     .  襭   ।⠢ 
 SQL -  GRANT,  ⬥   ஬ REVOKE.

 ।⠢  ࠧ ⨯ 㯠,  ਬ - ⮫쪮  ⥭
(SELECT)    (UPDATE   DELETE).  ⠫ ᠭ
ᨭ⠪  GRANT   ਫ G.  짮⥫ SCOTT 
ਬ  ᫥騩    ।⠢  짮⥫  JENNIFER  
⨯ 㯠  ᢮ ⠡ EMP:

    GRANT SELECT, INDEX, UPDATE ON EMP TO JENNIFER

᫥ 믮 ⮣  JENNIFER     ⠡ SCOTT.EMP
    㤮⢠ ᮧ  SCOTT.EMP ᮡ⢥ ᨭ.

 WITH GRANT OPTION  GRANT   । 㣮
짮⥫    쭥襩 । ࠢ 㯠 㣨
짮⥫,    . ਬ:

    GRANT SELECT, INDEX, UPDATE ON EMP TO JENNIFER WITH GRANT OPTION

   JENNIFER ।    ਢ (SELECT, IND

᫨   ।⠢  ਢ  GRANT  INDEX,    ᮧ 
㤠      ⠡;    㣨 짮⥫ 
⮬᪨ ᯮ짮 ᮧ  .    ࠢ
㤠 ,  ᮧ.

            ࠬ ( -    ⠡)

᫨  室,  ⮡ 㣮 짮⥫     ⮫쪮  
ப  ⮫殢 ⠡,  室 ᮧ  ⮩ ⠡  
।⠢ ⮬ 짮⥫ ࠢ 㯠  ,    ⠡.
ਬ,  ⠡ EMP  ।  :


                                   -- 190 --



    CREATE VIEW DEPT10 AS SELECT *
    FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO = 10

   롨ࠥ  ப ⠡ EMP,    ६  ᫥騩 
롨ࠥ  ⮫殢:

    CREATE VIEW SALES AS SELECT ENAME, EMPNO, MGR
    FROM EMP WHERE JOB = 'SALESMAN'

   ।⠢ ࠢ 㯠    ⨬  ࠬ ᮮ⢥騬
짮⥫:

    GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, ON DEPT10 TO DEPT10AA
    GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON SALES TO SALESMGR

ਢ 㯠  ⠡  ஢ ࠧ. ਬ  - 
।⠢ ࠢ INDEX  .  ஢   祭 ᫥騥
ਢ:  SELECT,  INSERT,  UPDATE   DELETE. ⥫쭮   ஢
  ࠭祭  믮 DML - ஢:

    *   믮 樨 UPDATE,  INSERT  DELETE  ஢,  
      ⮫   ࠦ,  ꥤ   権
      (UNION, INTERSECT, MINUS).

    *  ஢ (᪠, 짮⥫- -   VIEWA ⠡
      TABLEB 짮⥫-)   । ਢ     㣨
      짮⥫,   ᠬ   ࠢ  ᮮ⢥ ⠡ (
       砥 -  TABLEB).

  㪠  ஢,     ⠡,   WITH GRANT OPTION.
᫨  砥  ᥡ ⠡,   ਭ, 室 
ਢ GRANT  OPTION    ⠡, ⮡ । ਢ  .

          ࠢ 㯠   ⮫殢

᫨   ,  ⮡ 㣮 짮⥫   ⮫쪮  ⮫殢 
⠡,     ﬨ.  - ᯮ짮  GRANT 
। ⮫殢 ⠡:

    GRANT SELECT, INDEX, UPDATE ON EMP (ENAME, MGR, HIREDATE)
    TO JENNIFER WITH GRANT OPTION

ன  -  ᫨  짮⥫    㦤    㤠 ப, 
ᮧ    ⮫쪮  㦭 ⮫ ⠡   짮⥫
 㯠  ⮬ .

        ࠢ 㯠  ᫥⥫ ࠬ

⥫ ᫥⥫쭮   ࠢ 㣨  짮⥫ 
ᯮ짮        GRANT   ﬨ SELECT  ALTER.   
㣨 ଠ  GRANT, ਢ  ।   ࠢ 
쭥襩 ।.

            ⬥ ਢ 㯠

 ⬥  ਢ  짮⥫  ⭮⥫쭮 ⠡ ᯮ SQL -
 REVOKE.        ⬥    ਢ,
   ࠧ (ᯮ 祢 ᫮ ALL):

                                   -- 191 --



    REVOKE INDEX ON EMP FROM JENNIFER

᫥ 믮 ⮣  짮⥫ JENNIFER   ᬮ
ᮧ   ⠡ EMP,    㦥 ᮧ   
.  ᫨ JENNIFER । ਢ  ᮧ ᮢ 㣨
짮⥫,    㤥 ⬥    ( ᪫祭 ,
    ਢ ।  ⨬  짮⥫  ⠪  -
㣮).  ⬥ 㯠   筠 ⠡.

 ⬥ 롮筮 㯠 (, ।⠢ । ⮫栬
⠡)  ⬥   ᥩ ⠡ ( ⥬ -।⠢ 
㦭 ⮫殢):

    REVOKE UPDATE ON EMP FROM MARGY
    GRANT UPDATE ON EMP (ENAME) TO MARGY

             㯠  ꥪ⠬ 

᫨ DBA ⢮ ⥬ ॣ, 짮⥫ - 
⠡   ஢    ᯮ짮  ஬ AUDIT  ॡ
᫥ ⥩ ॣ樨:
 * ॣ ᯥ / 㤠 ⮪ 㯠  ⠡栬  ࠬ
 * 롮筠 ॣ ࠧ ⨯ SQL - ஢
 * ࠢ 㡨 ⠫樨 ॣ樨  ୠ  (ᥠ  饭)

筮   SQL  - ஢ GRANT  REVOKE 樨 ॣ樨, 
  ⢮  ꥪ⮢   (⠡   ஢), ᭮뢠
  ࠪ  ஢ DML (SELECT, UPDATE,  INSERT  DELETE).  ਬ,
᫥騩 SQL -  㤥  ᫥  ᯥ  ᠭ
⠡ EMP (⠪  -  ⮫):

    AUDIT ALTER ON EMP BY ACCESS WHENEVER SUCCSESSFUL

᫥  権  ॣ樨  ଠ    믮 襭
権  㤥 뢠  ⠡ ᫮  SYS.AUDIT_TRAIL,
뢠 ⠪ "ୠ ॣ樨". 짮⥫  ᬠਢ
ଠ ।⢥ ⥬   USER_AUDIT_TRAIL, ᮧ 
⮩ ⠡.

          짮 ॣ樥 㯠 ?

   砥   몫砥 ⥬ ।⢮
ॣ樨 㯠,   ⠪ ⠭ 㬠稢 祭 権. ᫨
᫥騥 । ,   ᯮ짮 ॣ:
    * ॣ ⢮ (祭)
    *   ਢ RESOURCE
    *   楬 ⠡ ஢
    *   ਢ AUDIT  ⠡  ஢  㣨 짮⥫.

 짮⥫   ⠭ 樨 ॣ樨  ᢮ ᮡ⢥
ꥪ⮢  ꥪ⮢,    .

          祭 権 ॣ樨  ⠡

 祭 権 ॣ樨  ⠡ ᯮ ᫥騩 SQL -
:



                                   -- 192 --



    AUDIT { table_option [, table_option ] ... ALL }
    ON { table | DEFAULT }
    [ BY { SESSION | ACCESS } ]
    [ WHENEVER [NOT] SUCCSESSFUL ]

 table_options ਭ ᫥騥 祭:
    ALTER
    AUDIT
    COMMENT
    DELETE
    GRANT
    INDEX
    INSERT
    LOCK
    RENAME
    SELECT
    UPDATE

᫨   㪠 ࠧ WHENEVER,  ॣ樨    ᯥ, ⠪  
਩ ⪨ 믮 樨.  㣨 ᫮ 䥪 祭 ⮬,
 樨 㪠  (ᯥ  ᯥ).

           ᫥饬 ࠧ 㦤 ࠧ BY SESSION  BY ACCESS.
ਬ:
    AUDIT ALTER, SELECT, UPDATE ON SCOTT.EMP
    WHENEVER SUCCSESSFUL

            ᥠᠬ   饭

 롮 権 ॣ樨  ⠡     室   
 ஢ ॣ樨:   ᥠᠬ   .  롮 ।
⢮ ᥩ ॣ樨,   ᠭ  ६ ⥪饣 ᥠ
ࠡ  ORACLE.

 ᥠᠬ       ⮬ 砥   ᥠ 㤥 ᥭ ⮫쪮  
               ॣ樨.  ( ORACLE 稭  CONNECT  稢
               - DISCONNECT). ।⥫쭮   뫨 ࠭ SQL- ,
                 ॣ஢;   ப ୠ ॣ樨
               , ᪮쪮 ࠧ    믮 ᯥ譮, 
               ᪮쪮 - 㤠筮.  ࠧ, -  ப ᮤন
               ⮣  ଠ     ᥠ.

 饭     ⮬  砥    짮⥫  ୠ ॣ樨
               뢠      饭  ꥪ .
                ࠧ,   ᥠ 짮⥫  
                 ᥩ.

,    樨 DML,  ⠪  INSERT   DELETE, 
ॣ樨 㤥  (饭)   (ᥠ) ᫥ -
 䠧 ᨭ⠪᪮  ࠧ  ( । 믮).  ⥫쭮,  ᫨
  믮  rollback,    㤥 ⬥祭 
ୠ ॣ樨.

         ஢





                                   -- 193 --



 ᮧ    権 ॣ樨  㯠  ⠭
祭  ꥤ  権 ॣ樨  ⠡  権 
⠡ ,    뫠 .  ᫨ ꥤ 樨 "
饭"  " ᥠᠬ", ਭ  " 饭".

          稢 ॣ  ⠡

 ᮧ  ⠡   樨 ॣ樨 ⠭  祭, 
⠭  ᥢ-⠡   DEFAULT.  祭 権  ॣ樨
 ⠡ DEFAULT  ⮫쪮 DBA, 㪠뢠  DEFAULT   ⠡
 AUDIT:

    AUDIT ALTER, RENAME, GRANT ON DEFAULT

 ⥫  㪠 権 ॣ樨  ⠡ DEFAULT;
   ᡮ ଠ樨,    ⢨⥫쭮 室. 
 讣 ⢠ ᮡࠥ ଠ樨    
㪢쭮   ଠ樥. ஬ ⮣,   ଠ 
ॡ 讣 ⢠   .

⮡ ᬮ 㬠稢 ⠭,  믮   ᫮
 ALL_DEF_AUDIT_OPTS.    祭  室  USER_TAB_AUDIT_OPTS,
ᠭ  ᫥饬 ࠧ.

᫨ DBA   稫 㬠稢 樨 ॣ樨 㯠,   
ᯮ짮   ,    ⠡  㪠  . 樨
ॣ樨, 祭 楬 ⠡ ४뢠 ᮮ⢥騥
㬠稢 祭.

        ᬮ ⥪ 権 ॣ樨

⮡ ᬮ 樨 ॣ樨,  騥   饥 ६, 
 ᫮  USER_TAB_AUDIT_OPTS.

    SELECT * FROM USER_TAB_AUDIT_OPTS

    TABLE_NAME O_TYPE ALT AUD COM DEL GRA IND INS LOC REN SEL UPD
    ---------- ------ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
    EMP        TABLE  -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/- -/-
    ACCOUNTS   TABLE  S/S -/- S/S S/S S/S -/- S/S A/- -/- S/S S/S
    PAYABLES   TABLE  A/S -/- -/- -/S -/- -/- A/S A/- -/- A/S A/S

 ଠ .    ALL_TAB_AUDIT_OPTS  DBA_TAB_AUDIT_OPTS;
   ⥫ ⮫, 㪠뢠騩  ⠡.

⥫  ⮫殢 ।⠢ ᯨ᮪ ⢨,  
ॣ஢ (.  "祭 権 ॣ樨  ⠡").  祭
 ⮫殢 뢠 ⥪騥 樨  ॣ樨.  ࢠ  㪢 㪠뢠
  , ᫨ ⢨,  ਢ   ⠡,  訫
ᯥ譮;  -  砥 㤠.  ᨬ :
    -        祣 ( ॣ஢)
             ॣ樨  饭
    S         ॣ樨  ᥠ

   祭    ⠡  ।⢥; 
⮣  ᯮ  SQL - ஬ AUDIT  ⠭ 室
祭.


                                   -- 194 --



          ᬮ १⮢   ୠ ॣ樨

 祭 ॣ樨   祭,  樨 ࠭,  ⠪  
 ॣ樨         ⠡ .  짮⥫,
⨢訩 ॣ  ⠡ ,   ᬮ  १-
騥  ॣ樨 ⥬ 뤠   USER_AUDIT_TRAIL.  
 ࠦ SQL - , 頢訥   ꥪ.

 ⮬  ⮫ SES_ACTIONS ।⠢  ᥡ 11 - ᨬ  ᨢ,
  ᮮ⢥  権  ⠡.  祭,  ⠬
室,  ⮣ ࠡ  ⠡楩  ᥠ 짮⥫. ⢨
஢뢠 ᫥騬 ࠧ:
    -    ⨫ ⢨, ॣ㥬  ᥠ
    S   ⢨ 믮 ᯥ譮
    F   ⢨ 믮 㤠筮
    B   ⢨ 蠫  ᯥ譮, ⠪  㤠筮 ( 믮﫮
        ᪮쪮 ࠧ)

ୠ ॣ樨 㯠   祭   ᨬ  権
ॣ樨,     饥 ६.     ⮩  ⠡
  㤠 ஬ ;  ⢥ ⠡ ᫮
,  ଠ DBA  ࠢ .

          ⬥ ॣ樨 ⠡

᫨ - ⢨  ⠡栬 襥     ॣ஢, 
 ⬥    NOAUDIT:

    NOAUDIT {table_option [, table_option ] ... | ALL }
    ON { table | DEFAULT }
    [ WHENEVER [ NOT ] SUCCSESSFUL ]
ਬ:

    NOAUDIT ALL ON emp

⠪    NOAUDIT   祭    AUDIT.  ⢥
ࠧ ⮨  ࠧ BY;  ॣ  㪠 ⢨ ४頥 
ᨬ  ⮣, 뫠   " ᥠ"  " 饭".  樨,
ᯥ஢    NOAUDIT,  ॣ樨   㦤.

      㭪 USERENV

㭪 USERENV 頥 ଠ   । ᥠ ORACLE. ORACLE
RDBMS ᯮ  㭪  । 祭, ⠢塞  ୠ
ॣ樨 㯠.   㭪    ஢ ஢,
࠭祭  짮⥫, ॣ    ।  䨧᪨
ନ.  ਬ:

    CREATE VIEW MYVIEW AS
    SELECT * FROM MYSALARY
    WHERE USERENV('TERMINAL') = 'RTA0';

⢨⥫쭠 ᯥ䨪  ନ  (ID) 㤥  ࠧ ଠ 
 樮 ⥬.   ,    ।⠢ ࠢ
㯠   । 짮⥫ ORACLE:

    GRANT SELECT ON MYVIEW TO EVELIN;


                                   -- 195 --



᫥ 믮    ஢  짮⥫  EVELYN ᬮ 㢨
ப ⮣ ,     ॣ  ନ RTA0.  
       - ,  ப  
⮫쪮  㪠.























































                                   -- 196 --
